WORKSHEET 1ST

EQUILIBRIUM
Drs. HARIYANTO
Public Senior High School 3 Malang
Jl.Sultan Agung Utara 7 Malang Phone (0341) 324768
e-mail : [email protected]
blog : http://hariyantobhawikarsu.wordpress.com

ACTIVITY 1 REVERSIBLE REACTION

Based on the products of reaction can or not react to produce the ractants, chemical reaction is
classified into reversible and irreversible. What is reversible reaction? Or what is irreversible reaction?
Please do the following acticity!

Apparatus and matterial

No Apparatus / size Quantity

material
1 Beaker glass 50 mL 2 pieces
2 Graduated cylinder 10 mL 2 pieces
3 Pipets - 2 pieces
4 Stirring rods - 2 pieces
5 Petri dish - 1 pieces
6 Copper(II)sulfate - 2 grams
7 Aqueous Sodium iodide 1M 20 mL
8 Aqueous Sodium sulfate 1M 20 mL
9 Wash bottle - 1
10 Aquadest - 50 mL

Procedure
1. Place 1 gram of PbSO4 into beaker glass. Pour 10 mL of aqueous NaI 1 M, and drop by pipet
into beaker glass and stir this mixture. Observe and write all the changes
2. Decantate that solution from the beaker glass, and wash the precitipation with aquadest.
3. Move a half of precitipation to other beaker glass. Drop carefully the aqueous Na2SO4 1 M about
10 mL and stir this mixture. Observe the color changes of this precitipation and compare the
colors in the both beaker glass and write your observation.

Observation
Matterial The changes ( ie :color)
PbSO4 + NaI ………………………………………………………………………………

Precitipation I + Na2SO4 ………………………………………………………………………………

Questions
The chemical equations of the experiment above are written in the following equations:
I. PbSO4(aq) + 2 NaI (aq) PbI2 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq)
II. PbI2 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq) PbSO4(aq) + 2 NaI (aq)
No Questions Answers
1 How is the relation between reaction I and II?
………………………………………..
 2 Are the products of reaction I react to produce
the reactants? ………………………………………..

3 That reaction is called the reversible reaction, so

what is the reversible reaction? ………………………………………..
4 The opposite of reversible is irreversible, so
what is irreversible reaction? ………………………………………..

ACTIVITY 2 THE ANALOGY OF DYNAMIC

EQUILIBRIUM

Before we define the terms of equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium,

please do the following activity.
Apparatus and matterial
No Apparatus/matterial Size Quantity
1 Test tube rack - 1 pieces
2 The test tube 2 pieces (identic)
3 Pipe - 2 pieces (different
diameter)
4 The color liquid (KMnO4) 10 mL
5 Petri dish - 1 buah

Procedure

PIPE 1 PIPE 2
- TUBE A AND B ARE IDENTIC
- DIAMETER PIPE 1 > PIPE 2

TUBE A TUBE B
KMnO4 EMPTY

1. Fill the tube A 10 mL of aqueous KMnO4. Place the pipe 1 into the tube A
2. Place the glass pipe 2 into the tube B that is no any solutions.
3. By using the pipe 1 move the solution in the tube A to the tube B. And move the solution in tube
B into tube A by using the pipe 2 until the volume of the solutions in the both tubes are constant.

Observation and the analogies.

If the tube A is analogized as reactants, and the tube B is products. The volume of solution is
analogized as concentration of substances, complete the following table!

No Experiments Analogy in equilibrium

1 The initial Volume : The initial concentration :
a. tube A is full of a. the concentration of
solution reactants :
…………………………………………………………………
b. tube B is no solutions b. the concentration of
 products :
…………………………………………………………………

2 The Volume of solution when Concentration of substances when

the solution is moved reaction is processing
a. The solution in tube A
moves to tube B, and in a. The process of reactions i
the same time the
solution in tube B moves …………………………………………………………………
to tube B continuously.
…………………………………………………………………
b. The Volume of solutios b. The concentration of
in tube A and tube B reactant and product :
1) The volume of 1) the initial
solution in concentration of
tube A is decreasing Reactants…………………………………
tube B is increasing. Products ……………………………………
2) When the equilibrium 2)When the equilibrium is
is reached, the reached, concentration
volume of solutions of reactants and
in he both tube are products are
constant …………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………

Questions

No Questions Answers
1 The changes of ractants to products (the
forward reaction) or the products to reactants ………………………………………..
(the reverse reaction),
a. Occurs in the same time or not? ………………………………………..
b. Occurs continuously or not?
………………………………………..
c. The rate of the forward reaction and
the reverse reaction are equal or not?

2 How is the changes of concentration of ………………………………………..

reactants or products when the equilibrium is
reached? ………………………………………..

3 If the answers of questions no 1, 2, and 3 are

the characterictic of the dynamic equilibrium, ………………………………………..
define the dynamic equilibrium, please!
4 The equilibrium reaction symbolized by two
directions ( ), please write the ………………………………………..
equilibrium equation between reactants (R)
and Products (P)

CONCLUSION
Based on the activity 1 and 2, please conclude the definition of reversible reaction,
irreversible reaction, equilibrium, and dynamic equilibrium
EXERCISES
01. Give 2 examples the reversible reactions in daily life!

02. Give 2 examples the irreversible reactions in daily life!

03. Observe the following equation:

R ↔ 2 P
Explain ! the quantity of R and P when the equilibrium is
reached?

04. Plot the graph of concentration of R, [R] and P, [P] versus time
(t)

[ ]
(M)

t (s)
05. How are the values of the concentration of R and P when the
equilibrium is reached?

06. Plot the graph the rate of the forward raction and the reverse
reaction (v) versus time (t)

v
(M/s)

t (s)
07. How are the rates of the forward reaction and the reverse
reaction when the equilibrium is reached?
 WORKSHEET 2nd

THE EQUILIBRIUM LAW

Drs. HARIYANTO
Public Senior High School 3 Malang
Jl.Sultan Agung Utara 7 Malang Phone (0341) 324768
e-mail : [email protected]
blog : http://hariyantobhawikarsu.wordpress.com

PRE-KNOWLEDGES
No Questions answers
1 Write 2 examples of
equilibrium equations. …………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………

2 Mention 4 kinds of physical

state of substance! …………………………………………………………………………

3 Write the formula of

concentration / molarity of …………………………………………………………………………
solution.
…………………………………………………………………………

ACTIVITY 1 HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS

EQUILIBRIUM
Based on the physical state of substances that are involved in
reaction, equilibrium is classified into homogeneous and
heterogeneous equilibrium.
What is the homogeneous equilibrium?
What is the heterogeneous equilibrium?

Observe and complete the following table!.

No The equilibrium equations The physical state homogeneous /
of substance in heterogeneous
reactions equilibrium
1 H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2HI(g) …………………. Homogeneous
2 Ag+ (aq) + 2NH3(aq) ↔ Ag(NH3)2 + (aq) …………………. Homogeneous
3 CaCO3(s)<=>CaO (s) + CO2(g) …………………. Heterogeneous
4 PbI2(s) <=>Pb2+(aq)+2I-(aq) …………………. Heterogeneous

CONCLUSION
Based on the table above, conclude the definition of homogeneous and heterogeneous
equilibrium.
 ACTIVITY 2 EQULIBRIUM CONSTANT (KC)

What is the equilibrium constants?

What is the quantitative relationship between the concentration of reactants and product at equilibrium?

To define the Kc, complete the following table!

1). H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2HI(g) at 250C

No Concentration of spicies at equilibrium A B C

2
[H2] [I2] [HI] [HI] [HI] [H2] [I2] [HI]
[H2] [I2] [H2] [I2]

1 0,00421 0,00421 0,0294 ………………… ………………… …………………

2 0.0110 0,00420 0,00473 ………………… ………………… …………………

3 0,0110 0,0550 0,0173 ………………… ………………… …………………

4 0,0430 0,0620 0,3580 ………………… ………………… …………………

2). Ag+ (aq) + 2NH3(aq) ↔ Ag(NH3)2 + (aq) at 250C

No Concentration of spicies at equilibrium A B C

[Ag+] [NH3] [Ag(NH3)2+ ] [Ag(NH3)2+ ] [Ag(NH3)2+ ]2 [Ag+][NH3][Ag(NH3)2+ ]

[Ag+] [NH3] [Ag+] [NH3]

1 0,00100 0,00500 0,401 ………………… ………………… …………………

2 0.00100 0,00100 0,016 ………………… ………………… …………………

3 0,00200 0,00200 0,128 ………………… ………………… …………………

4 0,00200 0,00100 0,0322 ………………… ………………… …………………

QUESTIONS
No Questions answers
1 For each table above a. table 1………………………………..
a. Which column that the value is constants? table 2………………………………..
b. What is relation between the formula that
has the constant value and the reaction?
b. ………………………………………..
2 If the formula that has the constants value is called
equilibrium constant, write the formula of Kc of the
following equation:
……………………………………………
mA+nB↔pC+qD
where m,n,p and q are coeffient
3 Based the data of table 1 and 2, Please describe the
definition of Kc ……………………………………………

CONCLUSION
EXERCISES
Write the formula of the equilibrium of the following equations!:
a. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ↔ 2 NH3(g)
b. 2SO2(g) + O2 (g) <=> 2 SO3 (g)
c. Cu2+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) <=> Cu (NH3)42+
d. N2O4(g) <=> 2 NO2(g)
e. 2N2O4 (g) + O2 (g) <=>2 N2O5 (g)
f. 2 HBr (g) <=> H2 (g) + Br2 (g)
g. 4 NH3 (g) + 3 O2 (g) <=> 2 N2 (g) + 6 H2O (g)
h. N2 (g) + O2 (g) <=> 2 NO (g)

Solution

ACTIVITY 3 THE VALUE OF THE EQUILIBRIUM

CONSTANT
What are the factors that influence the value of Kc?

Observe the following tables.

Table 1 : The relation of Kc and temperature

temperature Reactions Kc
800K 2 SO2(g) + O2 (g) <=> 2 SO3 (g) 59000
1000K 2 SO2(g) + O2 (g) <=> 2 SO3 (g) 256

Table 2 : The relation between Kc and the balanced reaction, if the

reaction is inverted

Temperature Reaktions Kc
1000K 2 SO2(g) + O2 (g) <=> 2 SO3 (g) 256
1000K 2 SO3(g) <=> 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 1/256

Table 3 : The relation between Kc and the balanced reaction, if the

coefficient is multiplied by factor n

Temperature Reaction Kc
1000K 2 SO2(g) + O2 (g) <=> 2 SO3 (g) 256
1000K SO2(g) + ½ O2 (g) <=> SO3 (g) 16
Table 4 : determining of Kc of the total reaction from addition of
some equilibrium reactions
Temperature Reaction Kc
1000K A(g) + B (g) <=> C (g) A
1000K C(g) + D (g) <=> E (g) + B
1000K A(g) + B (g)+ D (g) <=> E (g) A.B

QUESTIONS

No Questions Answers
1 Which factor that influence the value of table 1………………………………..
Kc
a. table 1 table 2………………………………..
b. table 2
c. table 3 table 3………………………………..
d. table 4
Table 4………………………………..

2 Constant or change the value of Kc at the ………………………………………..

same temperature? ………………………………………..

3 How is the value of Kc if the reaction is ………………………………………..

inverted? ………………………………………..

4 How is the value of Kc if the coefficient ………………………………………..

numbers are multiplied by factor n? ………………………………………..

5 What is the value of Kc of the new ………………………………………..

equilibrium if the total of reaction is ………………………………………..
obtained from addition of the equilibrium
reaction 1 and 2?

CONCLUSION

EXERCISES
01. Given that the equilibrium constant, Kc of the following
reaction : N2O4(g) <=> 2 NO2(g) at 1000 K is 16
Determine the value of Kc at 1000 K of the following
reactions!
a. 2NO2(g) <=> N2O4(g)
b. 2N2O4(g) <=> 4 NO2(g)
c. NO2(g) <=> ½ N2O4(g)
Answer :
 02. Given : A(g) + B2 (g) <=> AB2 (g) Kc = 2
2AD2(g) + 2B2(g) <=> 2AB2(g)+4D(g) Kc = 9
Determine the value of Kc at the same temperature of the
following reactions:
A(g) + 2D (g) <=> AD2(g)
Answer :

ACTIVITY 4 THE HETEREGENEOUS EQUILIBRIUM

CONSTANT
At the previous activities, the physical state of substances that
involved in equilibrium are homogeneous. How to write the formula of
Kc of the heterogeneous equilibrium?

Observe and complete the following table!

No The equilibrium equations The formula of The The
Kc physical physical
state of state in
substances Kc
1 CaCO3(s)<=>CaO (s) + CO2(g) Kc = [CO2] …………………… ………………

2 PbI2(s) <=>Pb2+(aq)+2I-(aq) Kc=[Pb2+][I-]2 …………………… ………………

3 H2O(l)<=> OH-(aq) + H+(aq) Kc=[H+][OH-] …………………… ………………

4 2NH3(g)+CO2(g) <=> Kc= 1 …………………… ………………

CO(NH2)2(s) + H2O(l) [NH3]2[CO2]

CONCLUSION
Based on the activities above , conclude the formula of Kc based on the physical state of substances
that are involved in heterogeneous equilibrium.

EXERCISES
01. Write the formula of Kc of the following equations
a. C(s) + H2O(g) CO (g) + H2 (g)
b. H2S (g) + I2 (s) ↔ 2HI (g) + S (s)
c. AgCl (s) ↔ Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
d. 2 NaHCO3 (s) ↔ Na2CO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (g)
e. 2 BaO (s) <=> 2 BaO (s) + O2 (g)
f. Ag2CrO4 (s) <=> 2 Ag+ (aq) + CrO42- (aq)

Answers
 WORKSHEET 3rd

DETERMINING THE VALUE OF

EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT
Drs. HARIYANTO
Public Senior High School 3 Malang
Jl.Sultan Agung Utara 7 Malang Phone (0341) 324768
e-mail : [email protected]
blog : http://hariyantobhawikarsu.wordpress.com

PRE-KNOWLEDGES
No Questions Answers
1 Write the formula of Kc of the following equation :
pA (g)+ qB(g)<=> mC(g) + n D(g) ………………………………………………………………
where : p,q,m and n are the coefficients of reaction
2 Calculate the molarity of solution when 0.5 moles of
SO2 gas is dissolved in 200 mL of solution ………………………………………………………………

ACTIVITY 1 CALCULATING THE VALUE OF

EQUILIBRIUM CONTANT KC
How to calculate the Kc when the molarity of reactants and products at the equilibrium are
given?
How to calculate the Kc when the number of moles of reactants and products at the
equilibrium are given ?
How to calculate the Kc when the number of moles of reactants and products at the
equilibrium are not given ?

Come on we study while you complete the following table!

No Problems Solutions
1 Equilibrium is established in the reaction :
2 SO3(g) <=> 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) [……] [……]
If equilibrium concentration are 0.04M of Kc=
SO3 gas, 0.02M of SO2 gas, and 0.01M of [……]
O2 gas, What is the value of Kc?
……x……
= = ……………..
………

2 In 2 liters of volum there is quilibrium

position of reaction : [……]2
N2O4(g) <=> 2 NO2 (g) If the equilibrium is Kc=
reached there are 0.04 moles of N2O4 gas, [……]
0.02 moles of NO2 gas, calculate the value
of Kc at that temperature!
 2
⎡0.04moles ⎤
⎢⎣ 2liters ⎥⎦
Kc = =
0.02moles
2liters
………….

3 In 2 liters of volume there is equilibrium [……] [……]

position of reaction: Kc=
C (s) + H2O (g) <=> H2 (g) + CO (g) [……]
If the amount at equilibrium the amount
were 0.1 moles of C; 0.1 moles of H2O;
0.2 moles of H2, and 0.2 moles of CO, What =
(....mol ....L )(.....mol ....L ) = .........
is the value of Kc? ......mol
.....L

4 The initial amount of the reactants present A (g) + 2 B (g) <=> AB2(g)
in 2 liters of mixture were 2 moles of A and Initial : 2 moles 3 mol es 0
3 moles of B according to the following Reaction : …moles ….moles_ …..moles +
equation : Equilibrium: 1,2 moles….moles ….moles
A (g) + 2 B (g) <=> AB2(g)
At equilibrium, the amount were 1,2 moles [……]
of A. Calculate the equilibrium constant,Kc. Kc=
[……]2[…..]

.....mol
2L ......
= 2
= = ......
⎛⎜1,2mol ⎞⎟ x ....mol ......
⎝ 2L ⎠ 2L

5 The equilibrium constant reaction A (g) + B (g) <=> C(g)

A (g) + B (g) <=> C (g) is 1/8. Determain Initial : x moles 3 moles 0
the initial amount of A that react with 3 Reaction : …moles ….moles __ …..moles +
moles of B in 1 L of volume, if at Equilibrium: … moles….moles 1 mole
equilibrium the amount of C is 1 mole.
[……]
Kc =
[……].[…..]

1mol
1/8 = 1L
....mol ....
x mol
1L 1L
x =……..mol
So the initial amount of A is……….moles

CONCLUSION
Based on the activities above, conclude the steps of determaining the value of Kc
EXERCISES
01. Equilibrium is established in the reaction N2 (g) + 3 H2(g) <=>2 NH3(g). At equilibrium the
amount are 0.1 M of N2 , 0.2 M of H2, and 0.2 M og NH3. Calculate the value of Kc..

02. In 2 L of volume at 1270C the amount at equilibrium position are 4 moles of A; 2 moles of
B2 and 1 mole of AB according to the reaction : 2 A (g) + B2 (g) <=> 2 AB (g). Calculate the
value of Kc at 1270C.

03. In 2 liters of volume present are the initial amount 2 moles CO(g) and 2 moles of H2O g)
according to the following equation : CO (g) + H2O (g) <=> CO2 (g) + H2 (g). If the amount
at equilibrium is 1,5 mol es of H2, calculate the value of Kc !

04. The equilibrium constant of reaction: 2 HI (g) <=> H2 (g) + I2 (g) is 0,64. If the initial amount
of HI is 2 moles in 2 L of volume, Calculate the amount of hydrogen at equilibrium

05. The equilibrium constant of equation :

2 HCl (g) <=> H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) is 0,25. At equilibrium, the
amount of chlorine is 1 mol, determain the initial amount of
HCl!

06. Equilibrium is established in the reaction :

S (s) + O2 (g) <=>SO2 (g). In 2 L of volume the amount at equilibrium position are 0.4 moles
of S; 0.4 moles of O2, and 0.8 moles of SO2, calculate the value of Kc!
07. In 1 L of volume the initial amount are 0.1 moles of C, and 0.1 moles of O2 acording to the
equation : 2 C (s) + O2 (g) <=> 2 CO (g). At equilibrium the amount 0.08 moles of CO,
calculate the value of Kc!

08. The equilibrium constant of the reaction :

AgI (s) <=> Ag+ (aq) + I-(aq) is 10-16. Jif the initial amount of AgI is 0.01 mol AgI determain
the concentration of Ag+ ion at equilibrium!
 Worksheet 4th of equilibrium

EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT IN
TERMS OF PARTIAL PRESSURES
( KP)
Drs. HARIYANTO
Public Senior High School 3 Malang
Jl.Sultan Agung Utara 7 Malang Phone (0341) 324768
e-mail : [email protected]
blog : http://hariyantobhawikarsu.wordpress.com

PRE-KNOWLEDGES
No QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 What is partial pressures of gases in mixture?
………………………………………
………………………………………

2 From the general equation of ideal gas :

p.V = n.R.T ………………………………………
where : p = pressure of gas(atm) ………………………………………
V = volume of gas (L) ………………………………………
n = number of mole of gas (mole)
R = 0.082 L.atm/K.mol
T = temperature (K)
What is the quantitative relation between
pressure and number of mole?

3 In a flask presents 1 mole of A gas; 3 mole B

gas, and 2 moles C gas,. Given that the pressure ………………………………………
of mixture is 12 atm, calculate : ………………………………………
a. The partial pressure of A ………………………………………
b. The partial pressure o f B ………………………………………
c. The partial pressure of C ………………………………………
………………………………………

ACTIVITY 1 THE QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN Kp AND THE PARTIAL
PRESSURES OF GASES IN
REACTION
What is the equilibrium constant of pressure?
What is the quantitative relationship between Kp and the partial pressures of reactant gases, product
gases?
Complete the following table that obtained from the equilibrium equation :
. H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2HI(g) at 270C

No The partial pressure at equlibrium A B C

pH2 pI2 pHI pHI (pHI)2 pH2. pI2. pHI
pH2. pI2 pH2. pI2

1 0.2 0.2 0.2 ………………… ………………… …………………

2 0.3 0.3 0.3 ………………… ………………… …………………

3 0.4 0.4 0.4 ………………… ………………… …………………

4 0.5 0.5 0.5 ………………… ………………… …………………

QUESTIONS

No Questions Answers
1 From each table above
a. Which column that the value is a………..………………………………..
constants?
b. What is relation between the
formula that has the constant b. ………………………………………..
value and the reaction?

2 If the formula that has the constants value

is called equilibrium constant, write the
formula of Kp of the following equation:

mA+nB↔pC+qD
where m,n,p and q are coeffient
3 Based the data of table above, Please ……………………………………………
describe the definition of Kp

CONCLUSION

EXERCISES
01. Write the formula of Kp, according to the following equation:
b. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ↔ 2 NH3(g)
b. 2 SO2(g) + O2 (g) <=> 2 SO3 (g)
c. Cu2+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) <=> Cu (NH3)42+
d. N2O4(g) <=> 2 NO2(g)
e. 2N2O4 (g) + O2 (g) <=>2 N2O5 (g)
f. 2 HBr (g) <=> H2 (g) + Br2 (g)
g. 4 NH3 (g) + 3 O2 (g) <=> 2 N2 (g) + 6 H2O (g)
h. N2 (g) + O2 (g) <=> 2 NO (g)
02. Given that the equilibrium equation : N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) <=>2 NH3 (g) . If at equilibrium
position, the partial pressures of gases N2, H2 dan NH3 are 4 atm, 2 atm dan 5 atm, determine
the value of Kp of that reaction.

03. The pressure of gas mixture in flask is 2.0 atm. The equilibrium equation :
A(g) + 2B(g) <=>2 C(g). At equilibrium position presents 0,2 moles
of A gas, 0,1 molesof B gas,and 0,2 moles of C gas, Determain
the value of Kp.

04. The value of Kp equilibrium equation: 2C(s) + O2(g) <=>2CO(g) is 9. If the

partialpressure of CO2 gas = 6 atm, Calculate the partial
pressure of O2 gas.

05. The value of Kp of equilibrium equation : 2 X(g) <=> 3 Y(g) is 1/8. At

equilibrium the partial pressure of X gas = 8 atm, determine
the partial pressure of Y gas.

06. Given that 6 moles of SO3 gas is decomposed according to the

equation : 2SO3(g) <=>2SO2(g) + O2(g). At equilibrium presents
1 mole of O2 gas, and the total of pressure is 14 atm,
determine the value of Kp.

07. The pressure of equilibrium equation : CaCO3(s) <=> CaO(s) + CO2(g) is 0.75
atm, determine the the value of Kp.
 ACTIVITY2 2 THE QUANTITATIVE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Kp AND
Kc
What is the quantitative relationship between Kp and Kc?
To express the quantitative relationship between Kp and Kc,Please do the following activity.
The equilibrium equation : m A (g) + n B (g) <=> p C (g) + q D (g)

No Questions Answers
1 Write the formula of Kc and Kp of the equation above.
Kc = ……………………. (1)

Kp = ………………………(2)

2 From : P.V = n.R.T P.V = n.R.T

and M = n/V, Write the quantitative relationship between
P and M or [ ] P = n/V. R. T

P = …………. (3)
3 Write the foemula Kpfrom the equation (2), and substitute
P from equation (3). In equation (4), you get the Kp = ………………………
quantitative relationship between Kp and M or [ ]
Kp =………………………..(4)

4 Substitute [ ] in equation (1) from the equation (4).

Kp = ………………………

Kp = Kc. …………………. (5)

5 From equation(5), if (p+q) - (m+n) are written as ∆n, so

you get the quantitative relationship between Kp and Kc Kp =………………………..(6)

CONCLUSION

EXERCISES
01. By calculating ∆n, Write the quantitative relation between Kp and Kc according to equation
follows:
a. 2 HCl (g) <=> H2(g) + Cl2 (g)
b. 2 O3 (g) <=> 3 O2 (g)
c. SnO2 (s) + 2 H2 (g) <=> Sn (s) + 2 H2O (g)
d. 2 BaO2 (s) <=> 2 BaO (s) + O2(g)
02. The value of Kp of the equilibrium equation :
H2(g) + I2 (g) <=> 2 HI (g) at 4460C is 3,14x102. Calculate the
value of Kc at the same temperature.

03. The value of Kc of the equilibrium :N2 (g) + 3 H2(g) <=> 2

NH3(g) at 5270C is 4,5 x 10-2. If R= 0,082 L.atm/K.mol,
Determine the value of Kp.
 WORKSHEET 5th

DISSOCIATION AND DISSOCIATION

DEGREE
Drs. HARIYANTO
Public Senior High School 3 Malang
Jl.Sultan Agung Utara 7 Malang Phone (0341) 324768
e-mail : [email protected]
blog : http://hariyantobhawikarsu.wordpress.com

ACTIVITY 1 DISSOCIATION

What is dissociation?
Is dissociation a part of equilibrium equation?
After you complete the following table, I hope you can define the dissociation.

No Equilibrium Kind of Mr of Mr of ech Dissociation or

reactants reactant product not
1 2SO3(g) ↔ 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 1 SO3= 80 SO2 = 60 Dissociation
O2 = 32
2 NH4Cl(s) ↔ NH3(g) + Cl2(g) 1 ……….. …………. Dissociation
………….
3 PCl5(g) ↔ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) 1 ……….. …………. Dissociation
………….
5 2BaO2(s) ↔ 2BaO (s) + O2(g) 1 ……….. …………. Dissociation
………….
6 H2(g) + I2 (g) ↔ 2 HI(g) …….. ……….. …………. Not Dissociation
………….
7 2H2O(l) ↔ 2H2(g) + O2(g) …….. ……….. …………. Not Dissociation
………….
8 2CaO(s) + O2(g) ↔2CaO2 (s) …….. ……….. …………. Not Dissociation
………….

QUESTIONS
Based on the the data of table above, answer the following questions!
No Questions Answers
1 How many kind of substances are the
reactants in dissociation? ………………………………………………..

2 Observe and compare the relative molecule Mr of reactant is …..........Mr of each product
mass (Mr) of reactant and the relative
molecule mass of each product in
dissociation process? Please choose the
correct!
Mr of reactant is ( < than / > than / = with
) Mr of each product
3 If the substance that has the smaller Mr is
the simpler substance, which the simpler ………………………………………………..
substance is in dissociation process?
Reactant or product?

4 Based on the answers of the questions no 1,

2, and 3. Please define the dissociation ………………………………………………..
process!

CONCLUSION
Based on the answer of no 4 above, conclude the definition of dissociation!

EXERCISE 1
01. Which are the dissociation process according to the following equations?:
a. 2H2O2(l) ↔ 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
b. 2NH3(g) ↔ N2(g) + 3 H2(g)
c. I2(g) ↔ 2 I(g)
d. SO2(g) + ½ O2(g) ↔ SO3(g)
e. 4NO2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2N2O5(g)
f. N2O4(g) ↔ 2NO2(g)
g. H2O(l) ↔H2O(g)
h. CH3COO-(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ CH3COOH(aq) + OH-(aq)
i. CO(g) + H2O(g) ↔ CO2(g) + H2(g)
j. 2HI(g) ↔ H2(g) + I2(g)

Answers to the exercise 1

ACTIVITY 2 2 DISSOCIATION DEGREE (α)

What is the dissociation degree?

What is the relation between dissociation degree and the initial amount and the decomposed
amount of substance?
Please observe and fill the blank by calculating the initial amount or the decomposed amount
or the amount at equilibrium!
No Equations The initial The The amount Dissociation
amount of decomposed of reactants degree (α)
reactants amount of at
reactants equilibrium
1 2NH3(g) ↔N2(g) + 3H2(g) 0.5 moles 0.3 moles 0.2 moles 0.60
2 2HI(g) ↔ H2(g) + I2(g) 1.2 moles 0.9 moles 0.3 moles 0.75
3 N2O4(g) ↔ 2 NO2(g) 0.8 moles ….moles 0.6 moles 0.25
4 PCl5(g) ↔ PCl3((g) + Cl2(g) 0.6 moles ….moles 0,36 moles 0,40
5 2BaO2(s) ↔ 2BaO (s) + O2(g) 0.8 moles ….moles 0.2 moles …..
6 NH4Cl(s) ↔ NH3(g) + Cl2(g) 1.0 moles ….moles 0.3 moles …..
7 2 O3 (g) <=> 3 O2 (g) 2.0 moles ….moles ….moles 0.36
8 2NOg) ↔N2 (g) + O2 (g) 4.0 moles ….moles ….moles 0.30

CONCLUSION
Based on the table above, if the initial amount of reactant is symbolized by “ a“ and the
symbol decomposed amount of reactant is “x”, Write the formula of dissociation degree!

EXERCISE 2

01. Given that the equilibrium : I2(g) ↔ 2 I(g). If the initial amount of I2 is 0.40 moles
and at equilibrium presents 0.15 moles of I, determine the dissociation degree of I2.

02. At equilibrium of : 2HI(g) ↔ H2(g) + I2(g) presents are 0.80 moles of HI(g); 0.20
moles of H2(g) and 0.20 moles of I2(g). Determine the value of dissociation degree of
HI.
03. Given that the equilibrium : 2HI(g) ↔ H2(g) + I2(g), The initial amount HI is 0.75
mol and 20% of HI is dissociated.
a. determine the amount of each substance at equilibrium
b. the value of Kc

04. At 270C there is the equilibrium equation : PCl5(g) ↔ PCl3((g) + Cl2(g). The initial
amount of PCl5 is 0.25 moles, and at equilibrium the amount is 0.15 moles Cl2.
a. calculate the dissociation degree of PCl5
b. determine the amount of each substance at equilibrium
c. determine the value of Kc
d. determine the value of Kp

05. Given that the equilibrium : N2O4(g) ↔ 2 NO2(g). If the comparasion of the number
of mole of N2O4 and NO2 at equilibrium position is 1 : 2, determine the value of
dissociation degree of N2O4.

06. At 2.0 liters of volume there is the equilibrium : 2SO3(g) ↔ 2SO2(g) + O2(g). The
initial amount of SO3 is 80 grams. If the proportional the number of mole of SO3 and
O2 at equilibrium is 4 : 3, calculate:
a. dissociation degree of SO3
b. the value of Kc at the condition
07. Equilibrium is established in the reaction : 2SO3(g) ↔ 2SO2(g) + O2(g) at 27oC; 8.2
atm.
The initial of SO3 is 0.20 moles. At equilibrium the total volume of gases is 0.84
liters, determine the value of dissociation degree of SO3.