Heat Recovery Steam Generator Operation Procedure PDF

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MIRANT- KENDALL REPOWERING PROJECT

Cambridge. MA

OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Section 13.1

HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR


Table of Contents

1.0 Simplified Diagram......................................................................3 2.0 System Purpose..........................................................................4 3.0 System Components...................................................................4 3.1 Control Loop Narratives......................................................10 4.0 System Description...................................................................15 4.1 Primary System Flow Path..................................................16 4.2 Normal Operating Parameters............................................17 4.3 Secondary Systems.............................................................17 5.0 System Startup .........................................................................18 5.1 Precautions..........................................................................20 5.2 Prerequisites........................................................................23 5.3 Startup.................................................................................26 6.0 Normal Operation......................................................................28 6.1 Valve Alignment...................................................................28 7.0 Normal Shutdown......................................................................35 7.1 Precautions..........................................................................35 7.2 Shutdown.............................................................................36

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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

8.0 Abnormal Shutdown..................................................................39 8.1 Power Failure......................................................................39 8.2 Instrument Air Failure..........................................................39 8.3 Steam Turbine Generator Trip.............................................40 9.0 Alarm Summary and Response................................................40 10.0 References..............................................................................44 10.1 Drawings............................................................................44 10.2 Vendors..............................................................................45

1.0

SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM
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2.0
YV-10140 Pegging Steam Chemical Feed Pumps CT Trip LV-10213

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CEMS Ports
M PAHH

STG Trip

Startup Silencers

Deaerator
LC LAHH LAH LAL LALL TAH TAHH LALL LALL LAL LAL LAH LAH PAH PAH PAH LC LC

IP Steam Out YV-10141 YV-10233 YV-10141


M PAHH

SYSTEM PURPOSE
YV-10041

HP Steam Out LV-10113

HP Steam Drum IP Steam Drum LP Steam Drum Stack Silencer


M

Duct Burner Runback

YV-10232

Duct Burner

OPERATING MANUAL

HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

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LP Evaporator IP Evaporator IP Superheater IP Economizer CO Reducer / SCR HP Economizer #3 HP Economizer #2 HP Economizer #1 Feedwater Heater HP Evaporator HP Superheater #3 HP Superheater #2 HP Superheater #1
PAL TAH TAHH M M

TC

FIC

CT Trip LV-10013

Duct Burner Trip Burner Management System

Cambridge. MA

Fuel Gas

YV-10031

YV-10231

Condensate Makeup

MIRANT- KENDALL REPOWERING PROJECT

YV-10131

TV-10203

Heat Recovery Steam Generator


HP/IP Boiler Feedwater Pumps

LP Circulation Pumps

MIRANT- KENDALL REPOWERING PROJECT


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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

The purpose of the heat recovery steam generator is to pre-heat boiler feedwater and generate two pressure levels of steam by the circulation of this water through superheat steam tubes that cross pattern the gas turbine's hot exhaust.

3.0

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
The heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is a fabricated, horizontal, metal duct that connects to the combustion turbine exhaust and directs the hot exhaust gas through a series of metal tubes to the exhaust stack. Inside the metal tubes, feedwater is circulated and heated to produce steam in the steam drums. Steam produced in the two steam drums supplies the HP and LP steam systems. Heat Recovery Steam Generator Mfg: Foster Wheeler HP steam: Flow rate 500-900 kpph Pressure 1360-1370 psia Temperature 895-905F IP steam: Flow rate - 28 50 kpph Pressure - 195-235 psia Temperature 500-550F The HRSG is comprised of several major sections and components, which collectively produce steam for delivery to the Kendall Station steam.

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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

The major sections of the HRSG from the exhaust gas inlet looking toward the stack are as follows: Expansion joint HRSG casing Duct Burner HP superheater #3 HP superheater #2 HP superheater #1 HP evaporator CO, SCR, and Ammonia injection grid IP superheater IP evaporator HP economizer 2 HP economizer 3 IP Economizer / HP economizer 1 LP evaporator Feedwater heater Exhaust stack

HRSG Casing A carbon steel casing encloses the heat transfer sections. The casing is lined with stainless steel from the HRSG inlet through the HP Evaporator section, then a carbon steel liner to the main exhaust stack. The gas path is completely gas tight to prevent leakage. A carbon monoxide (CO) catalyst section and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) System is located downstream from the HP evaporator section of the HRSG.

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Steam Drums Steam drums are provided in each section of the HRSG to maintain an interface between the water and the steam. The drums have internals that separate the water from the steam and provide for a storage volume of water. Water level is maintained in the drums by means of level control valves controlled by the DCS based on information from steam flow and feedwater flow elements and drum level transmitters. The HP and IP drums are designed with 3 minutes of retention time from normal water level to low-level trip water level based on maximum steam production with no duct firing. The LP drum is designed with 5 minutes of retention time from normal water level to low-level trip water level based on maximum steam production with no duct firing. Each drum is provided with internal distributors, baffles, shields, separators and internal piping. The separators maintain steam quality and prevent the carry-over of water into tube sections that contain steam. The drums also have provisions for chemical feed, sampling, and continuous blowdown. Heat Transfer Surfaces Heat transfer surfaces consist of vertical banks of tubes. The tube material varies in order to be compatible with the pressure and temperature of steam and with the temperature of the exhaust gas that comes in contact with the tubes. The gas temperature is highest at the HRSG inlet and decreases through successive sections of the HRSG as heat is transferred to the water. The coolest gas is at the exit of the HRSG. The coolest water (condensate) is introduced at the exhaust gas exit end of the HRSG. This arrangement is referred to as a countercurrent flow path. The various sections of the HRSG include the condensate preheater, economizer, evaporator and superheater sections. The economizer is the first section in the water flow path and contains no steam. There are several evaporator sections where steam generation takes place.
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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

The evaporator sections of each HRSG consist of a steam drum, downcomers, feeder tubes, modules, and riser tubes to create a natural circulation effect. Natural circulation ensures that water is continuously moving within the HRSG tubes to remove and replace the steam produced due to the difference in density between the water and steam. Water is supplied from the drum to the bottom of the unit through the downcomer. As the gas turbine exhaust gas, supplemented with the duct burner, heats the evaporator tubes, a steam/water mixture is formed in the tubes that is less dense than the water in the downcomers; thus, the mixture rises up to the steam drum and ultimately is sent to the superheater as saturated vapor. The circulation process continues with a steam/water mixture generated in the tubes and replaced with heavier water from the downcomers. As more heat is added to the HRSG tubes, the steam quality of the fluid increases. Up to a point, circulation will naturally increase with increased heat input and provide more flow to keep the HRSG tubes cooled as more steam is generated. Beyond a certain level, friction in the tubes overcomes the difference in density and circulation is reduced with additional heat input. The saturated steam from the drum enters the superheater sections before leaving the HRSG as either HP Steam or IP Steam. LP steam from the LP drum goes directly to the deaerator and is not superheated. Continuous Blowdown System The system is a continuous cascading system from the HP steam drum to the IP steam drum and from the IP drum to a continuous blowdown tank. Flash steam from the continuous blowdown tank is vented to the LP Drum. Desuperheaters HP desuperheater provides temperature control for the HP steam. The desuperheater is spray type and uses feedwater to cool the steam to achieve the desired outlet temperature. The HP desuperheater is located between the second and third stage of HP superheater. All controls for the desuperheater are furnished with the HRSG and are controlled
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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

through the DCS. The controls include control valves, automatic block valves, temperature sensing elements and transducers. Condensate Preheater Condensate from the existing plants condenser, together with demineralized water make-up from the water treatment system, enters the HRSGs condensate preheater prior to entering the deaerator and LP evaporator section. The preheater is constructed of stainless steel tubes. Two condensate recirculation water pumps draw a portion of heated condensate from the discharge of the condensate preheater and return it to the preheater inlet to maintain the condensate at a minimum of 120F to prevent exhaust gas from condensing on the outside of the tubes. Insulation The inlet ductwork, inlet transition section, and the HRSG are internally insulated to minimize heat loss and for personnel protection. The insulation is attached to the internal wall surfaces and is protected by an internal stainless steel liner. The outlet transition duct and stack are provided with thermal insulation barriers for personnel protection. Insulation materials are asbestos free and non-corrosive. Piping equipment operating between 140F and 500F are insulated with heavy density fiberglass. All piping operating at temperatures above 500 F is insulated with high temperature mineral wool or calcium silicate. Calcium silicate is also installed where piping and equipment, operating below 500 F, is subject to mechanical damage or people walking, leaning, sitting, etc. on it.

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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Support Steel, Stairs and Platforms Stair towers, caged ladders, platforms and walkways are provided for access to the HRSG trim. Ducts, Silencers and Stack The 18 foot diameter stack extends to a height of 250 feet above grade. A caged ladder is provided to access the 360-degree platform that serves the continuous emission monitoring (CEM) ports and sample test ports and the platform that serves the FAA lighting. Expansion joints are provided in the ducts at the HRSG inlet and outlet. Duct Burners The duct burner system is designed to provide supplemental heat to the combustion turbine exhaust gas in order to increase steam production in the HRSG. The duct burner system is designed to burn natural gas and is located upstream of the HP superheater sections in the HRSG gas path. The duct burner system consists of the following components and is discussed further in Section 13.2. Duct burners Natural gas fuel train Burner management system Ignitor system Scanner system

Selective Catalytic Reduction System The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is used to chemically react the NOx emissions from the combustion turbine exhaust and HRSG duct burner with injected ammonia to produce environmentally neutral nitrogen and water, thereby reducing the NOx emissions to the environment. The SCR system is composed of a set of ammonia injection nozzles; a catalyst bed and an in-line air heater used vaporize ammonia provided by the
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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

ammonia storage and supply system. The SCR catalyst is designed for a 5-year catalyst life and can be replaced when required. The SCR and ammonia injection system are discussed in Section 13.3. CO Reduction System The CO catalyst system is an emission control device designed to oxidize carbon monoxide (CO) from the combustion turbine exhaust and HRSG duct burner into carbon dioxide. The catalyst is supplied in modules that can be replaced when required. The carbon monoxide reduction system is are discussed in Section 13.3 3.1 Control Loop Narratives PCV-10227 LP Pegging Steam Control Valve Operation: The LP Steam Drum Pegging Steam Pressure Control Valve is controlled and monitored remotely at the DCS. LP Steam Drum Pegging Steam Pressure Control Valve regulates flow of pegging steam to the low-pressure steam drum. LP Steam Drum Pegging Steam Pressure Control Valve is controlled as follows: The control valve is equipped with a typical AUTO/MANUAL station at the DCS. Once the HRSG LP Drum is placed in service, the valve is placed in the AUTO mode. When in AUTO the valve modulates to maintain LP Steam Drum pressure at the setpoint. As the pressure decreases the valve opens to allow more steam to the steam drum. Upon loss of compressed air the valve fails in the closed position. The DCS will indicate the following about the LP Steam Drum Pegging Steam Pressure Control Valve:
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OPERATING MANUAL
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AUTO/MANUAL operation % OPEN

LCV-10013 HP Steam Drum Level Control Note: Operation: This description also applies in principle to IP and LP control valves LV-10131 and LV-10213 respectively. The level indicating controller is preset to maintain HP steam drum level. The controller provides a signal to the boiler feedwater single and three element control loops to open and close LV-10013 on the supply side of HP economizer 1. The HP Steam Drum Level Control Valve is controlled and monitored remotely at the DCS. HP Steam Drum Level Control Valve regulates flow of water from the HP Feedwater system to the HP Steam drum, to maintain HP Steam Drum water level. The HP Steam Drum Level Control Valve is controlled as follows: The control valve is equipped with a typical AUTO/MANUAL station at the DCS. The operator at the DCS selects SINGLE or 3-ELEMENT control. During unit startup and low load conditions, drum level is controlled by single element control; based on drum level only. The process variable used during single element control is solely from Level Transmitter.

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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

During three-element control, the level controller uses the computed value (summary) of the following input signals as the process variable. Drum Level Feedwater Flow Steam Flow (pressure and temperature compensated)

During normal operation, the valve is in AUTO, 3-ELEMENT operation. Upon loss of compressed air the valve fails in the closed position. The DCS will indicate the following about the HP Steam Drum Level Control Valve: AUTO/MANUAL operation % OPEN SINGLE or 3-ELEMENT Level Control

LP Feedwater Economizer Bypass Block Valve Operation: The HRSG LP Economizer Bypass Valve is controlled and monitored remotely from the DCS. The valve operates based on signals generated from the DCS. The signals are OPEN and CLOSE. The valve can be placed in AUTO or MANUAL at the DCS. During normal operation the valve is placed in AUTO and OPENS/CLOSES based on the following conditions: Valve will automatically CLOSE, when valve is in AUTO, if the CT FIRING ON GAS signal is activated.

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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Valve will automatically OPEN, when valve is in AUTO, if the CT FIRING ON OIL signal is activated.

When changes in system occur, the DCS will indicate either HRSG ECONOMIZER REQUIRED or HRSG ECON BYPASS REQUIRED. The following can change in the MANUAL valve position: Valve will CLOSE when the LP economizer is placed in service from the DCS. Valve will OPEN when the LP economizer bypass is activated from the DCS.

If valve does not meet open or closed limits in a specified time period there will be a VALVE TRAVEL FAILURE at the DCS. The DCS will indicate the following for the HRSG LP Economizer No. 1 Block Valve: AUTO/MANUAL CLOSED OPEN

Gas Turbine Trip The Gas Turbine should trip on any of the following: HP Drum level low-low (LSLL-10014) @ NWL 52.5 IP Drum level low-low (LSLL-10114) @ NWL 9 LP Drum level low-low (LSLL-10214) @ NWL 63 HP Drum steam pressure high-high (PT-10011) @ 1585 psig (2nd safety valve) Page 13 of 45

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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

IP Drum steam pressure high-high (PT-10111) @ 345 psig (2 nd safety valve) Pre-alarms as follows: HP Drum level low (LSL-10014) @ NWL 25.5 IP Drum level low (LSL-10114) @ NWL 5 LP Drum level low (LSL-10214) @ NWL 59 High Steam Temperature If the HP Superheater outlet steam temperature becomes high (TE-10022 @ 920 deg F) the duct burners should be run back to minimum load. The Gas Turbine should be run back to minimum load and the duct burners tripped if this temperature reaches 930 deg F. Gas Turbine loading rate must not allow an increase in any HP drum metal temperatures (TE-11002A-D) to exceed 600 deg F per hour. The Gas Turbine should not be started, re-started after a trip, or re-loaded after a runback, unless all drum levels and pressures, and HP steam temperature, are within their normal operating range (i.e. all alarms and trips have been reset). The re-start or re-load should be an operator action. Process Alarm In addition to those listed in the preceding sections, the following process conditions will be alarmed: LP Drum level low (LSL-10214) @ NWL 59 LP Drum steam pressure high (DCS alarm from PT-10211) @ 56 psig IP Drum steam pressure high (DCS alarm from PT-10111) @ 307 psig
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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

HP Drum steam pressure high (DCS alarm from PT-10011) @ 1546 psig LP Drum level high (LSH-10214) @ NWL +6 IP Drum level high (LSH-10114) @ NWL +10 HP Drum level high (LSH-10114) @ NWL +4.5 Steam Turbine The Steam Turbine HP admission valve should trip on HP Drum level high-high (LSHH-10014 @ NWL +10.5). There should be a pre-alarm at HP Drum level high (LSH-10014 @ NWL +4.5). Re-loading of the steam turbine will follow operating procedures for the ST.

4.0

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This section provides a general understanding of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) by tracing flow paths, identifying and describing major components, and locating and describing the system instrumentation and controls. The HRSG utilizes the exhaust gases from the combustion turbine (CT) to produce HP and IP steam for use in the existing plants steam turbines. IP steam produced is combined with extraction steam from the steam turbines to export to various customers. The HRSG is a natural circulation water tube, three pressure level unit. Heat transfer is accomplished by convection through banks of finned tubes. Duct burners that use natural gas provide supplemental firing.

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

4.1

Primary System Flow Path The HRSG has three sections: a high pressure (HP) section, an intermediate pressure (IP) section, and a low pressure (LP) section. LP steam is not exported, but is used to deaerate the incoming condensate makeup to the LP steam drum or boiler feedwater storage tank. HP steam may also be used for deaeration when LP steam quantities are not sufficient. Steam is produced when the combustion turbine generator (CTG) exhaust gas enters the HRSG and flows through each section of the HRSG. The feedwater to the HRSG is supplied from the condensate system and circulated by the boiler feedwater system. The exhaust gas discharges to atmosphere through the stack at the low temperature end of the HRSG. High Pressure (HP) Steam: High-pressure boiler feedwater is supplied to the economizers of the HRSGs HP sections. The water is heated, and then passed through the evaporators and superheaters. The superheated HP steam exits HP superheater #3 at approximately 1365 psia and 960 F. Intermediate Pressure (IP) Steam: IP steam is produced in the same manner as the HP steam, except utilizing IP boiler feedwater in the IP sections of the HRSG. IP steam exits the IP superheater at approximately 255 psia and 524 F.

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4.2

Normal Operating Parameters HP Normal Operating Parameters

Tag No. FE-02001 TE-02001 PT-02001 TE-02010A/B PT-02003

Description HP steam flow HP steam temperature HP steam pressure CT power augmentation steam temperature CT power augmentation steam pressure

Parameter 500-900 kpph 895-905F 1360-1370 psia 700F 405 psia

IP Normal Operating Parameters Tag No. TE-03001 FE-03002 TE-03002 PT-03002 4.3 Description IP Steam Temperature from HRSG IP Steam Flow IP Steam Temperature to tie-in IP Steam Pressure to tie-in Parameter 528F 28 50 kpph 500 550 F 195-235 psia

Secondary systems The following systems interface with the HRSG during normal operation: Boiler Feedwater System HP Steam System IP Steam System Condensate System Chemical Feed System Combustion Turbine Fuel Gas System

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Aqueous Ammonia System Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) Boiler Blowdown System

5.0

SYSTEM STARTUP
Note: Startup time depends on the length of shutdown of each HRSG and steam turbine generator. There are three different starting conditions: Hot Start - The steam turbine generator has been shut down for a short period of time, the first stage metal temperature is 900 F or greater, and the steam turbine generator is on turning gear with steam to the steam seals. Warm Start - The steam turbine generator has been shut down for more than a day, and the first-stage metal temperature is between 400 F and 900 F. Cold Start - The steam turbine generator has been shut down for several days, and the first-stage metal temperature is less than 400 F.

Startup procedures for the three different starting conditions are similar except for the warm-up times required for the piping and steam turbine generator, which increase as the steam turbine generator first-stage metal temperature decreases. Steam line warm-up from a cold start is accomplished with steam from the existing boilers. Before starting the combustion turbine generator, the HP, IP, and LP HRSG steam drums are set at a low level (just above the lowlow level) to account for the drum water expansion that occurs during initial startup. The vent valve on each drum is open until steam is established in the HP, IP, and LP steam lines. These vent valves are then closed when the drum pressure typically reaches
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3.45 bara (50 psia) (HP and IP) and 2.07 bara (30 psia) (LP). The HP, IP, and LP evaporator intermittent blowdown valves are closed. These blowdown valves are operated for immediate blowdown in the event of a high level in the HP and IP steam drums. The HP, IP, and LP superheater drain valves are open to discharge any condensate into the HRSG blowdown flash tank. The HP and IP steam line drain valves are all open. The combustion turbine generator is started, synchronized, and loaded at a controlled rate until a predetermined load is reached, which provides the HP steam temperature acceptable for steam turbine generator admission. This predetermined load on the combustion turbine generator is selected by the operator before startup. Typically, the gas turbine generator is started and loaded to the spinning reserve mode (5 percent load). The gas turbine generator load ramp rate is limited to approximately 8 percent per minute up to 40 percent steam flow (HRSG in startup). At this load, the HP steam pressure will increase to the steam turbine generator floor pressure. When sufficient pressure is reached, the HRSG HP steam atmospheric vent valve (HP sky valve) opens to maintain this pressure. The warm-up rate for the HP steam drum is approximately 25 minutes; 15 minutes for warming the water inventory from ambient to 212 F and then approximately 10 minutes to ramp to a soak temperature of 482 F. This ramp rate precludes the HP steam drum maximum allowable thermal fatigue stress from being exceeded. Fatigue stresses on the IP and LP steam drums during startup are not a concern.

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5.1

Precautions WARNING: VERIFY ALL MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL HAVE EXITED THE BOILER AND THAT ALL INSPECTION PORTS AND MANWAYS ARE SECURELY FASTENED. WARNING: VERIFY THAT MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES ARE COMPLETE BEFORE SAFETY TAGS AND LOCKING DEVICES ARE REMOVED. WARNING: DO NOT ATTEMPT TO OPERATE THE HRSG AND STEAM SYSTEMS WITHOUT THOROUGH FAMILIARIZATION OF OPERATIONAL INSTRUCTIONS. CAUTION: DO NOT ALLOW STEAM PRESSURE TO BUILD IN "DEAD LEGS" AND/OR SECTIONS OF PIPE THAT CANNOT BE DRAINED. THIS IS TO PREVENT HYDRAULIC HAMMER FROM CONDENSATE BUILDUP IN STEAM PRESSURE ENVIRONMENT. ONCE THE COMBUSTION TURBINE HAS BEEN STARTED AND TEMPERATURES IN THE HRSG BEGIN RISING, STEAM PRODUCTION IN THE DRUMS WILL QUICKLY FOLLOW. IT IS AT THIS CRITICAL POINT THAT THE OPERATOR MUST BE ACUTELY AWARE OF ALL OPERATING PARAMETERS, AS THE CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM SHOULD BE IN THE MANUAL MODE. ON STARTUP OF THE BOILER IT IS CRITICAL TO MAINTAIN STEAM FLOW THROUGH THE SUPERHEATERS TO PREVENT TUBE DAMAGE. DURING A COLD START, THE STARTUP VENTS SHOULD BE OPENED PRIOR TO FIRING THE COMBUSTION TURBINE AND CLOSED ONCE ALL DANGER OF EXCEEDING THE STARTUP RAMP RATE HAS PASSED. Page 20 of 45

CAUTION:

CAUTION:

CAUTION:

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THESE CONTROL VALVES SHOULD NOT BE OPERATED AT LESS THAN 10% OPEN TO AVOID EROSION OF THE SEATS. General Notes: Maintaining proper steam drum level is critical during startup and operation of the HRSG. An excessively high water level can cause water carryover into the superheater and result in an automatic trip of the steam turbine. A low-low water level can result in thermal damage to the evaporator tubes and will result in an automatic trip of the combustion turbine. Thermal stresses are induced in the HRSG during startup and shutdown. The greater the rate of change during these periods, the greater the stress. If ignored, these stresses can cause fatigue and premature mechanical problems. During startup, failure to expel a continuous purge of steam from the steam drums will result in stagnation of natural circulation within the circuit. Therefore, it is necessary to vent steam through the superheater vent valves until the unit goes online supplying steam to the respective header through the non-return valves. Never operate the HRSG without all of the safety valves in place, calibrated, and in good working condition. The economizers should be periodically vented during HRSG operation to prevent the accumulation of air in the high points of the tube bundles.

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The steam drum water column isolation valves should be open at all times. Closing the valves can bypass the protective functions of the drum level switches by holding a false level in the column. The reliability of the steam drum level transmitters should be periodically checked against the actual level using the corresponding gauge glass. The steam drum gauge glass must be periodically blown down to prevent the accumulation of contaminates and sludge. The heat input to the HRSG should be controlled by monitoring the rate at which the saturation temperature rises in the steam drums. The rate of temperature increase should be limited by releasing steam through the startup vents and/or controlling the rate at which heat enters the HRSG by limiting combustion turbine loading. Proper boiler water chemistry must be maintained at all times. Improper chemistry can lead to fouling or corrosion of internal surfaces, reduced unit efficiency, and possible damage and/or failure of the boiler tubes. If solids carryover is being caused by excessive boiler water solids concentration, adjustment of the continuous blowdown valve may be required. 1_____ 2_____ VERIFY proper communications are established between floor Operators and the Control Room. VERIFY operations personnel are rehearsed with the startup procedures and are prepared with emergency response actions. VERIFY that all personnel involved with the operation of this system are familiar with the equipment manufacturers startup and operating procedures. VERIFY safety tags and locking devices have been removed as required. Page 22 of 45

3_____

4_____
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5_____

WARNING: VERIFY THAT MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES ARE COMPLETE BEFORE SAFETY TAGS AND LOCKING DEVICES ARE REMOVED. REVIEW operations logbook for any condition prohibiting safe startup or need for resetting of controls or instrumentation. VERIFY all applicable safety practices and procedures are in place.

6_____ 7_____

5.2

Prerequisites 1_____ 2_____ 3_____ 4_____ 5_____ 6_____ 7_____ 8_____ VERIFY 125VDC control voltage is available to system instrumentation. VERIFY 24VDC control voltage is available to system instrumentation. VERIFY the associated DCS control functions and interlocks are ready for service. VERIFY the instrument air system is in service. VERIFY the raw water system is in service. VERIFY the fire protection system is in service and local portable extinguishers are fully charged. INSPECT boiler lagging and insulation for damage or loose sections. Notify maintenance of necessary repairs. VERIFY that the blowdown system mechanically operable and ready for service.

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9_____ 10_____ 11_____ 12_____

VERIFY that the boiler feedwater system is mechanically operable and ready for service. VERIFY that the HRSG chemical feed mechanically operable and ready for service. VERIFY that the demineralized water mechanically operable and ready for service. system system is is

VERIFY that HP BFW system block valves are aligned to establish flow from the HP BFW pumps to the #1 HP economizer and to the HP steam drum. VERIFY LP BFW system block valves are aligned to establish flow from the LP BFW pumps to the IP economizer and IP steam drum. VERIFY HP steam drum level control valve LV-10013 is in MANUAL mode and CLOSED. VERIFY IP steam drum level control valve LV-10113 is in MANUAL mode and CLOSED. VERIFY HP BFW isolation MOV YV-10031 is CLOSED. VERIFY IP BFW isolation MOV YV-10131 is CLOSED. VERIFY the HP and IP desuperheater spray water control valves are in AUTO. VERIFY the desuperheater spray control valve isolation valves are CLOSED. VERIFY all boiler feedwater pump HOA control switches in AUTO.

13_____

14_____ 15_____ 16_____ 17_____ 18_____ 19_____ 20_____

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21_____

START one BFW pump with recirculation OPEN to the LP steam drum, in accordance with the guidelines in Section 9.0, Boiler Feedwater System. START one condensate pump and one condensate header booster pump with makeup to the system in accordance with the guidelines in Section 14, Condensate System. PARTIALLY OPEN HP steam drum level control valve to fill the HP steam drum to just above the LO level alarm setpoint. Note: As temperature and pressure within the boiler and steam drums increase, water level will rise. Therefore, allow for this expansion in setting the working levels. If the level rises above the working level it may be necessary to blow down some water in order to maintain the level.

22_____

23_____

24_____ 25_____

COMPARE local sight glass and level indicating to DCS level indicator. As the HP drum level reaches the desired level, PLACE the level control valve in single element AUTO control and monitor feedwater flow shutoff on the associated BFW flow indicator. From the DCS, OPEN IP BFW level control valve and repeat the process. CHECK the boiler feedwater chemistry for proper quality.

26_____ 27_____ 5.3 Startup

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Note:

It is recommended that start-up of the boiler be manually controlled; however controllers should be placed in automatic position as soon as possible. The normal shutdown condition of the boiler is a wet lay-up with minimal operator involvement returning it to full operation. START the combustion turbine in accordance with guidelines in Section 12.0, Combustion Turbine Generator MONITOR the level in the HP, IP and LP steam drums. CLOSE LP steam drum vent valves when drum pressure reaches 25-30 psig. CLOSE HP and IP steam drum vent valves when drum pressure reaches 50 psig. Once steam drum pressures have reached 50 psig, the Operator may place the boiler feedwater control system in AUTO single element control mode. Note: Verify that boiler feedwater supply and steam flows are stabilized and correspond before placing in three element control.

Note:

1_____ 2_____ 3_____ 4_____ 5_____

6_____

OPEN HP and LP intermittent blowdown valves on the steam drums to prevent high drum levels, if necessary. Note: It may be necessary to first drain down the blowdown tank prior to opening the intermittent blowdown drains.

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

7_____

ADJUST combustion turbine heat output to the boiler or regulate superheater startup vent valving to produce 8%/minute maximum temperature increase during start-up. PARTIALLY OPEN the existing steam isolation valve and begin warming the HP steam system. PARTIALLY OPEN the existing steam isolation valve and begin warming the IP steam system. VERIFY HP and IP desuperheaters are in service. ENSURE that low point drains on steam headers remain OPEN during low-pressure warm-up only. ADJUST the continuous blowdown rate from the steam drums to the minimum acceptable level to maintain boiler water quality. DO NOT START THE DUCT BURNER UNTIL STEAM PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE HAVE STABILIZED AND THE COMBUSTION TURBINE GENERATOR IS AT BASE LOAD. OPERATE the intermittent blowdown at 1/2-hour intervals for three blows to rid the system of any residual silt or sludge collected during shutdown. OPEN the economizer vents for 2 minutes to ensure that all air is out of the economizers.

8_____ 9_____ 10_____ 11_____ 12_____

CAUTION:

13_____

14_____

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6.0

NORMAL OPERATION
During normal operation, the main steam system operates at various loads dictated by ambient conditions and the steam turbine generator and combustion turbine generators electrical demand. As the electrical demand changes, the HRSG high pressure steam pressure is kept constant by varying duct burner firing, which in turn maintains steady HP steam pressure to the steam turbine generator.

6.1

Valve Alignment HP Steam System

Valve Tag YV-10040 YV-10041 TIC-10019 PCV-10227 YV-02013 YV-02002 PV-02003 YV-02004 YV-02009 YV-02014 YV-10039 YV-10037 YV-10036

Description Startup vent HP steam outlet valve HP desuperheater BFW control Pegging steam pressure control Existing STG steam supply CT steam injection supply MOV CT steam injection pressure control HP steam line drip leg drain HP steam line drip leg drain HP steam line drip leg drain HP steam line drip leg drain HP 1 superheater drain HP 2/3 superheater drain

Position Closed Open Variable Variable Open Open Variable Closed/Auto Closed/Auto Closed/Auto Closed/Auto Closed/Auto Closed/Auto

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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

IP Steam System Valve Tag YV-10140 YV-10141 TY-10119 YV-03101 YV-03102 YV-03007 YV-03009 YV-03010 Description Startup vent IP steam outlet valve IP desuperheater BFW control CT injection steam control valve CT steam injection stop valve IP steam line drip leg drain IP steam line drip leg drain IP steam line drip leg drain Position Closed Open Variable Variable Open Closed/Auto Closed/Auto Closed/Auto

WARNING: EXERCISE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN WORKING ON OR NEAR EQUIPMENT THAT GENERATES STEAM WITH HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE. CAUTION: NEVER DEPEND ENTIRELY UPON AUTOMATIC ALARMS OR FEEDWATER INSTRUMENTATION FOR CONTROL OF BOILER LEVELS. PERIODICALLY INSPECT LOCAL PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, AND LEVEL INDICATORS FOR COMPARATIVE READINGS ON THE DCS. The following checks and inspections accomplished at least once per shift. should be

Note: Note:

During normal operation, Operators should periodically visit the HRSG to check local instrument readings. During these walk-downs, the operator should look for potential equipment problems. If a problem is observed, it should be quickly evaluated for its severity and a corrective plan be developed. INSPECT boiler equipment, valves and piping for steam, water and hot air leaks.

1_____

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2_____

RECORD system parameters. INVESTIGATE all abnormal readings. Note: DCS trends of operating parameters indicate problems such as fouling or turbine degradation. A review of this data should be made regularly, looking for any changes in unit performance

3_____ 4_____

Periodically BLOW DOWN steam pressure gages, level columns and gages periodically to ensure proper flushing. CHECK the overall condition of the HRSG. Steam or water leaks from any source should be investigated and repaired as soon as possible. Note: Gas side leaks should be noted and scheduled for repair. In particular, casing penetrations at inlet and outlet headers and drain lines should be checked for leaks. Note: The bottom of the HRSG casing is equipped with drain valves. A rupture or leak within the steam/water circuits of the HRSG will be indicated by the presence of water at the drain connections.

5_____

CHECK the HP and IP superheater vent valves for steam leakage. Due to their service, these valves may require more frequent attention than others. INSPECT expansion joints for discoloration of fabric belt due to leak or high heat waves Note: Expansion joints may have heat waves due to hot flange connections to CTG flange and diffuser duct.

6_____

7_____
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Inspect casing for paint discoloration or peeling hot spots.

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8_____ 9_____ 10_____ 11_____ 12_____ 13_____ 14_____ 15_____ 16_____ 17_____ 18_____

INSPECT casing for water leakage (particularly at the rear of the HRSG. INSPECT casing for smoke or plume due to casing leak heat waves CHECK for signs of manway cover leakage. LISTEN to piping for water hammer. INSPECT platforms for loose grating or bolting on handrails. MONITOR vent stack for excessive steam plume. INSPECT safety valves for "sizzling" valve due to poor seating. CHECK for steam plume from vent stacks when valve should be closed. LISTEN to deaerator for signs of rumbling. MONITOR carryover (steam purity) from steam drum to superheater. ANALYZE total solids concentration and silica values. Intermittent blowoff shall be used to reduce boiler water TDS in order to improve steam purity. MONITOR oxygen content of the boiler. MONITOR DCS for indications of abnormal conditions. MONITOR tube metal surface temperature to verify temperature is within design limits.

19_____ 20_____ 21_____

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Note: If the temperature limit is exceeded, it must be immediately investigated for problems like steam/water flow, localized hot gas temperature, etc. 22_____ 23_____ 24_____ 25_____ MONITOR gas side pressure drop across HRSG. Increased pressure drop may indicate fouling possibility. LISTEN for unusual noises coming from HRSG inlet duct. On a periodic schedule, manually BLOW DOWN the HP steam system line drip legs and gage glasses. MONITOR steam drum level gages for operating water levels. Note: it may be necessary for the operator to blow down the water column and gage drains. More frequent blowdown may be necessary when trouble is experienced with boiler compounds, foaming, priming, and other feedwater problems. Make provisions to by-pass any low water cutouts while blowing down the gage glasses and water columns. Experience may indicate that less frequent blowdown is desirable. This should be coordinated with the boiler operator, and water treatment consultant. 26_____ MONITOR boiler feedwater pumps for excessive noise, vibration, or heat buildup.

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

27_____

BLOW DOWN the boiler drums as required, by OPENING the bottom, or intermittent blowdown valves. Note: Better cleaning is obtained with multiple short blows than one long blow. The valve farthest from the boiler should be completely opened before the valve closest to the drum is opened. Open the second valve fully and quickly, leaving it open for only a few seconds. If possible, watch the flow of water coming from the bottom of the drum. If there are solids in the water, perform a second bottom blow and repeat this process until the water is clear. The frequency of performing this procedure should be between once per shift and once per week, depending on the quality of the feedwater. To ensure the valves work when needed, always bottom blow at least once per week.

28_____

MONITOR boiler feedwater chemistry by periodically taking water samples from the grab sample outlets and comparing to water/steam analyzers. COMPARE DCS indicating controllers with local readings. REVIEW HP boiler conditions on three-element control by RECALLING the HISTORICAL TREND feature on the DCS. REVIEW LP boiler conditions on three-element control by RECALLING the HISTORICAL TREND feature on the DCS. MONITOR HRSG skin temperatures for possible "hot spots".

29_____ 30_____ 31_____ 32_____

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

33_____ 34_____ 35_____ 36_____ 37_____ 38_____ 39_____ 40_____ 41_____ 42_____ 43_____ 44_____ 45_____ 46_____
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MONITOR DCS for indications of abnormal conditions. MONITOR HP steam drum level gages and EYE-HYES for operating water levels. MONITOR DCS for indications of abnormal temperature, pressure and flow conditions. steam

MONITOR steam parameters by RECALLING the historical trends from the DCS. VERIFY HP steam pressure to Kendall Station is between 1360 and 1370 psia VERIFY HP steam temperature to Kendall Station is between 895 and 905F. VERIFY that HP steam flow is 500 to 900 kpph. VERIFY HP steam pressure to CT steam injection is approximately 405 psia VERIFY HP steam temperature to CT steam injection is approximately 700F. VERIFY HP steam blowdown temperature to the HRSG intermittent blowdown drum is normal. MONITOR IP steam drum level gages and EYE-HYES for operating water levels. VERIFY IP steam flow at FI-03002 is 28 50 kpph. VERIFY IP steam pressure at PI-03002 is approximately 255 psia. VERIFY IP steam temperature at TI-03002 is normal. Page 34 of 45

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7.0
7.1

NORMAL SHUTDOWN
Precautions WARNING: HP STEAM HEADER COMPONENTS BECOME EXTREMELY HOT DURING OPERATION. SOME AREAS MAY RETAIN RESIDUAL HEAT FOR LONG PERIODS AFTER SHUTDOWN. WEAR PROTECTIVE APPAREL TO PREVENT SERIOUS BURNS TO EXPOSED SKIN. MANY LINES AND FITTINGS ON THE BOILER CONTAIN STEAM AND HOT FLUIDS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE. USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN LOOSENING PIPING AND FITTINGS. WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES AND GLOVES WHEN PERFORMING MAINTENANCE TO PREVENT EYE INJURY OR BURNED SKIN. WARNING: FOLLOW LOCKOUT PROCEDURES WORKING ON THIS EQUIPMENT. PRIOR TO

WARNING: EXTREME CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED BEFORE ENTERING THE STEAM DRUMS AS THEY MAY CONTAIN OXYGENLESS GASSES THAT CAN CAUSE SEVERE ILLNESS OR DEATH IF INHALED. ENSURE THE APPROPRIATE CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT IS FILLED WITH THE DESIGNATED SAFETY OFFICER. Note: During unit operation, feedwater sludge and other matter are kept in suspension by circulation of the boiler water. When the circulation stops due to shutdown, solids will tend to settle and adhere to internal surfaces. This can inhibit heat transfer and promote corrosion. To avoid these

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problems, perform the following several hours or more prior to unit shutdown: Increase continuous blowdown by 10% and double the frequency of bottom blowdown. Increase the boiler water alkalinity treatment based on the guidelines of the plants Boiler Water Treatment Program.

1_____

COORDINATE stopping the boiler feedwater pumps and steam systems with the Control Room Operator, as shutdown of the boiler requires a prior orderly shutdown of the duct burner and combustion turbine. Prior to shutdown, CHECK drum chemistry to ensure that pH, the oxygen scavenger and phosphate inhibitor residuals are at the proper level.

2_____

7.2

Shutdown 1_____ If the duct burner is operating, TURN DOWN the burner control by lowering the setting on the DCS gradually until the controls are at the minimum fire position. SHUTDOWN the duct burner from the DCS, following the Forney operating procedures. Following GE operating procedures, SLOWLY REDUCE combustion turbine to minimum load before shutdown. At the DCS, PLACE HP steam controllers and valves in the MANUAL mode. REMOVE the HP and IP desuperheaters from service by CLOSING the associated temperature control valve.

2_____ 3_____ 4_____ 5_____

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

6_____ 7_____

MAINTAIN load at minimum level for an additional 15 minutes if conditions permit. TRIP the turbine. MONITOR steam drum levels. Add boiler feedwater as needed to maintain levels between the LO level setpoint and normal operating level. CLOSE HP and IP steam drum continuous blowdown. STOP HRSG chemical injection into the steam drums. At the DCS, CLOSE combustion turbine HP steam injection isolation MOV valve. Once steam pressure in the HP steam line diminishes, CLOSE HP steam header isolation MOV. Note: If the boiler is to be shutdown, isolate the HP steam header when line pressure decreases to approximately 15 psig.

8_____ 9_____ 10_____ 11_____

12_____

OPEN HP steam header startup vent. Note: Opening the startup vent is not required if the HRSG is to be bottled up for temporary shutdown.

13_____

OPEN HP and IP steam header vents when drum pressure decreases to less than 25 psig to avoid drawing a vacuum on the system. OPEN HP steam header low point drains. CLOSE boiler feedwater level control valves when no further makeup water is required. Note: If the HRSG is to be shut down for a period of less than 24 hours, the unit can be bottled up by closing

14_____ 15_____

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the steam header isolation valves, boiler feedwater supply valves and the continuous blowdown valves. 16_____ DETERMINE accordingly. lay-up considerations and prepare

Note: Depending on ambient conditions, the HRSG will remain warm for up to 24 hours after unit shutdown. If the combustion turbine is scheduled for restart within that period of time, the system can be left as is, ready for an immediate return to service. If the unit is to remain idle for a week or more, a wet lay-up must be performed in accordance with the manufacturers procedures and recommendations. If the boiler is to be placed in wet storage open all boiler feedwater pump circuit breakers. Fill the steam drums completely full to the top by opening the makeup valve bypass with the block valves closed. This action will minimize the corrosion attack in the unit and prevent the presence of oxygen within the system. When water has reached the uppermost position as evidenced by seepage from the vent valves, close the makeup by-pass valve. For longer outage periods it is recommended that a "nitrogen blanket" be applied to each steam drum through the nitrogen fill and bleed valves fitted on each drum. 17_____ ISOLATE any equipment requiring maintenance.

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18_____ 19_____

ENSURE necessary work permits have been issued prior to beginning maintenance on the system. PERFORM all pre-start inspections before placing the system back in service.

8.0
8.1

ABNORMAL SHUTDOWN
Power Failure Other than instrumentation 24VDC control voltage and 125VDC control valve voltage, the HRSG does not require electrical power to operate.

8.2

Instrument Air Failure Loss of instrument air to the control valves would prevent automatic control of the steam system pressure and temperature and shutdown the combustion turbine and all steam production. Manual regulation of steam by a qualified Operator can maintain steam production and boiler feedwater supply by monitoring pressure, flow and temperature. The system can function until instrument air is restored to the affected component(s) or an orderly shutdown can be accomplished. All control valves would go to their design fail position.

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8.3

Steam Turbine Generator Trip In the event of a steam turbine generator trip, the following devices are actuated closed by either the DCS or the steam turbine generator control system: Main steam stop and control valves HRSG HP steam isolation valves (only in the event all STGs tripped). A single turbine trip would only require a runback to minimum turbine load.

9.0

ALARM SUMMARY AND RESPONSE


The following chart is provided to assist an experienced Operator in identifying and resolving abnormal conditions associated with the Heat Recovery Steam Generators. It is not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of the system equipment, common sense, and safe operating practices and techniques.
Alarm Probable Cause Feedwater valve malfunction Feedwater valve setpoint incorrect Feedwater valve operation incorrect Drum level instrument failure Response Action Remove water from the drum through the intermittent blowdown valves. Verify the level control valve feedwater pump is in AUTO. or

LAH-xxxx Steam drum HI level alarm

Check control valve for possible binding; i.e., stuck in the open position. Use manual bypass valve if necessary. Check the drum level controller for failure. If the controller fails to operate in AUTO, place in MANUAL and control level as necessary. Check level transmitter signal quality.

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Compare remote level indications against the local sight glass.


Swelling of water during startup Level control loop malfunction or incorrect setpoint.

LAHH-xxxx Steam drum HI HI level alarm

Feedwater valve malfunction Feedwater valve setpoint incorrect Feedwater valve operation incorrect Drum level instrument failure

Check for HI level alarm LAH-xxxx Check steam drum level gage Check DCS level control setpoint Check if HP boiler feedwater level control valve stuck open Check for possible sudden pressure loss on HP steam system or vent opening Check that feedwater and steam outlet flow correspond - switch to single element control in the event they vary noticeably
Note: HI HI Steam drum alarm results in an automatic trip of the steam turbine and duct burner. As appropriate, restore steam turbine operation when drum level is restored.

LAL-xxxx Steam drum LO level alarm

Feedwater valve malfunction Feedwater valve setpoint incorrect Feedwater valve operation incorrect Drum level instrument failure

Verify the level control valve feedwater pump is in AUTO.

or

Check control valve for possible binding; i.e., stuck in the closed position. Use manual bypass valve if necessary. Check the drum level controller for failure. If the controller fails to operate in AUTO, place in MANUAL and

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

control level as necessary. Check level transmitter signal quality. Compare remote level indications against the local sight glass. Add makeup to bring level to normal operation level.

LALL-xxxx Steam drum LO LO level alarm

Feedwater valve malfunction Feedwater valve setpoint incorrect Feedwater valve operation incorrect Drum level instrument failure

Check for LO level alarm Check steam drum level gage Check DCS level control setpoint Check if the gas turbine tripped Check if duct burner tripped to the low fire position Check if boiler feedwater level control valve is stuck closed Check for sudden pressure increase in steam system
NOTE: Alarm results in an automatic TRIP of the combustion turbine. Address the unit trip. Perform all functions associated with a unit shutdown. Make repairs or adjustments to the system as required. Restore drum level. Restore unit operation.

PAH-xxxx Steam drum HI pressure alarm


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Gas turbine load to high Duct burner firing rate too high

Check pressure gage Check the pressure setpoint in DCS Open steam drum vent

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OPERATING MANUAL
HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Pressure relief valve failure Pressure instrument failure Steam drum vent misalignment TAH-xxxx Steam drum HI temperature alarm Gas turbine load to high Duct burner firing rate too high Temperature instrument failure

Decrease duct burner firing temperature Decrease gas turbine load Check for sudden decrease in HP steam flow

Check DCS temperature indicator Check alarm setpoint Check HI temperature switch operation and setpoint Reduce duct burner firing temperature Check for abnormally high steam drum pressure

Duct firing rate too low TAL-xxxx LO temperature alarm for steam exiting the steam drum Turbine load minimum Instrument failure Temperature setpoint incorrect TAH-xxxx HI temperature alarm for the HP
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Check DCS pressure indicator Check alarm setpoint Increase duct burner firing temperature Check for abnormally low steam drum pressure

Steam desuperheater flow control valve malfunction

Check DCS pressure indicator 10019

TI-

Compare to temperature indicating

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

steam header from the desuperheater

transmitter TIC-10019 Low feedwater flow to attemporator Temperature controller setpoint incorrect Instrument failure Check alarm setpoint Check if temperature control valve is stuck closed Check DCS temperature controller setpoint Check desuperheater operation Check duct burner firing temperatures

10.0 REFERENCES
10.1 Piping and Instrument Diagrams 20-078-1-PS-050 Condensate 20-078-1-PS-060 Boiler Feedwater 20-078-1-PS-090 Blowdown, Traps, and Drains 20-078-1-PS-500, 501, 502 - Sampling 20-078-1-PS-520 Chemical Feed Steam Cycle 20-078-1-PS-650 Fuel Gas 20-078-1-PS-780 Aqueous Ammonia Storage and Supply 3595-0201 Low Pressure (Foster Wheeler) 3595-0202 Intermediate Pressure (Foster Wheeler) 3595-0203 High Pressure (Foster Wheeler) 3595-0204 Gas Flow (Foster Wheeler)

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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

10.2

61-7723-5-6101 Selective Catalytic Reduction (Foster Wheeler) 400851-01 Multiple Gas Element Duct Burner (Forney)

Vendor Manuals Foster Wheeler HRSG Forney

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