Heavy Duty Side Entry Mixers

Technical Manual

Plenty High Efficiency, Heavy Duty Side Entry Mixers for the optimum in tank farm agitation
Plenty have been associated with quality engineering since the year 1790 when the founder William Plenty established the company to manufacture ploughs and agricultural equipment for the local farming community. From this humble beginning over 200 years ago, Plenty's engineering successes have progressed from the development of this late eighteenth century plough to some of the most sophisticated processing equipment. Over recent years Plenty have undergone several organisational changes and in September 2001 they were acquired by the SPX Corporation. Plenty Mixers now forms part of the SPX Process Equipment within the Fluid technology division. SPX Process Equipment is comprised of Bran+Luebbe (pumps, systems and analyzers), Lightnin (mixers), Waukesha Cherry-Burrell (pumps), Plenty Mirrlees Pumps (screw/vane pumps) and Premier Mill (milling, mixing and dispersing equipment). Backed by over 50 years operating experience and with a reference list of successful site installations that is second to none, Plenty are acknowledged to be the market leaders in the eld of side entry mixing technology for the oil and petrochemical industries, having supplied literally thousands of units world wide to numerous major oil companies in over 60 countries scattered around the globe. Plenty side entry mixers have always set the industry international standard and the Heavy Duty High Efciency range of side entry mixers is no exception. They will out perform any other mixer on the market simply by virtue of their technically advanced design, in particular their high efciency, true helical pitch one piece 'cast' impeller incorporating high blade area and forward rake which was developed by Plenty.

ATEX - ATmospheres EXplosive This is the European Directive which denes safety standards for equipment to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres. Compliance is mandatory for all EU areas after 1st July 2006. All Plenty Side Entry mixers can be supplied to comply with this directive in category 2 & 3 Areas. If the Gas Group IIA is specied the belt drive mixer is tted with the standard GRP belt cover, however if Group IIB gases are present then the mixer is supplied tted with an ATEX approved belt cover. This requirement should be included in the original enquiry. Retrospective compliance certication service for existing installations (Atex 137) is available. In all cases contact your Plenty Mixer sales contact for further details

Index
Plenty High Efficiency, Heavy Duty Side Entry Mixers for the optimum in tank farm agitation ............................................2 Plenty HIgh Efficiency Side Entry Mixers ...........................................................................................................................3 Unique Side Entry Mixers Tank Shut-off Device ................................................................................................................5 Side Entry Mixer Types .....................................................................................................................................................6 Fixed Angle Heavy Duty Belt Driven..................................................................................................................................8 Technical Data: Fixed Angle Belt Drive ..............................................................................................................................9 Swivel Angle Heavy Duty Belt Driven ..............................................................................................................................10 Technical Data: Swivel Angle Belt Drive ..........................................................................................................................11 Fixed Angle Heavy Duty Gear Driven ..............................................................................................................................12 Technical Data: Fixed Angle Belt Drive ............................................................................................................................13 Swivel Angle Heavy Duty Gear Driven.............................................................................................................................14 Technical Data: Swivel Angle Belt Drive ..........................................................................................................................15 Criteria for Side Entry Mixer tank agitation ......................................................................................................................16 Recommended Mixer Orientations .................................................................................................................................18 Tank Mounting Details ....................................................................................................................................................19 Process Operation Details ..............................................................................................................................................20 Mounting Flange Details .................................................................................................................................................21 Recommended cut out dimensions of floating roof tanks fitted with Fixed Angle mixers ................................................22 Typical Site References ...................................................................................................................................................24

Plenty High Efficiency Side Entry Mixers

Why Side Entry Tank Mixers? The Plenty Side Entry mixer is the most efficient converter of energy into fluid motion. Unlike jet mixer systems, they do not suffer significant energy losses at the pump, in the pipework, in the bends, or most significantly, at the jet nozzles. Also, capital costs are lower and access to intank components is not restricted, while the problem of frequent, urgent maintenance on tanks that must be emptied and cleaned, is eliminated. Side Entry mixers are also more efficient than top entry mixers, and are significantly less expensive for larger diameter tanks. Side Entry mixers are ideal for use on tanks with floating roofs where practical considerations preclude the use of top entry mixers. A properly selected side entry mixer, complete with a reliable shut off device and high efficiency impeller out performs all other mixing devices.
Tooth Belt Mixers

Belt Driven Units

These are flexible powergrip high torque drive (HTD) reinforced antistatic tooth belts for longer life with a minimum service factor of 1.5. The whole transmission is enclosed in a weatherproof, non-sparking guard with internal surfaces coated with a fire resistant resin. Bearings are hermetically sealed for life, fully grease packed, with life ratings ISO and ANSI in excess of 47,000 hours.

Standard Range 2-55 kW 356-838 mm (14-33 inches) diameter impellers Belt and Gear Drive Fixed and Swivel Angle These four variables form the comprehensive standard range. In every case the design concept has been to provide units suitable for long and continous operation under arduous site conditions with minimum maintenance.

Gear Driven Units

Utilise high efficiency case hardened spiral bevel gears to AGMA Class 2 having a minimum service factor of 1.5 for longer life. The gearbox may be removed as a unit for shop maintenance without disturbing motor mounting alignment or moving coupling halves. The Plenty gearbox achieves positive splash oil lubrication to all rotating components, effects low noise emission and maximum heat dissipation. There is no danger of lubrication failures and over heating which can occur with pump circulation systems. All bearings are open cage type with life ratings ISO and ANSI in excess of 44,000 hours.

Model Designation
All Plenty Side Entry mixers have designated model numbers inline with the following example:

30 P - 70 -S TM - 30
Impeller Diameter (inches) Shaft diameter (mm) Motor Rating (kW) TM = Tooth Belt Drive SM = Gear Drive

Standard Materials of Construction Impeller Cast Iron Shaft Carbon Steel Mounting flange Carbon Steel
Special materials such as stainless steel wetted parts or other exotic materials, etc may be provided to suit individual requirements.

No Letter = Fixed Angle S = Swivel Angle

Gear Drive Mixers

Standard Design Features

All Plenty Side Entry Mixers incorporate the following:
Impeller The high efficiency true helical pitch impeller with foward rake was originally developed by Plenty for Side Entry mixers. Years of research in the field of liquid dynamics have been rewarded by a technically advanced design of impeller, having a large blade area that provides the optimum cavitation free suction conditions promoting maximum pumping rate and entrainment for any installed power. Each impeller is accurately cast as a one-piece component, thus eliminating the setting variances and welding problems often present with alternative fabricated designs. Rigid inspections of pitch uniformity and balancing ensures minimal vibration and optimum pumping efficiency.

Bearings
In every case the units are designed and manufactured to require minimum maintenance. The mixer bearings in particular have been engineered to provide long life and have minimum B.10 lives as shown in fig.2. The figures are those of lowest life bearing - other bearings have greater B.10 lives.

Gear Driven Mixer

The bearings of the gear driven units are all open caged type including the input pinion gear support bearings. All these bearings are splash oil mist lubricated via lubrication channels in the gearcase.

Advanced Impeller Design

Belt Driven Mixer

The bearings of the belt driven units are all prepacked with grease and "sealed for life" i.e. do not require regreasing. Note: All information given in fig.2 on bearing life is based on the fact that 90% of a large group of identical bearings can be expected to attain or exceed the life stated. This is called the basic rating life and conforms with both ANSI and ISO standards. The majority of bearings attain a much longer life than this; the median life is approximately five times the calculated basic rating life.

Shaft

High Pumping Minimum Power Draw Solid Reliability

High Thrust No Cavitation

Impeller Fixing
Positive fixing and driving of the impeller on the shaft is achieved by the use of taper to taper, side fitting key and retaining bolt.

The shaft has been designed to minimize misalignment, deflection and vibration which all affect the mechanical seal and bearing life. It is a one-piece component with no intermediate couplings and is ground between centres at the bearing and seal areas. All shafts are engineering hard-chrome plated in seal and shut-off areas. The range of Plenty mixers has been designed for heavy duty operation and the large diameter shafts have a first critical speed of at least 250% of the operating speed as shown in fig.1. The shaft is supported by heavy duty antifriction bearings, outboard of tank product, making maintenance easier and allowing the performance to be monitored.

1st Critical Speed

Tooth Belt Unit Model (T-Belt) TM 2 TM 4 TM 5 TM 7 (S) TM 11 (S) TM 15 (S) TM 18 (S) TM 22 (S) TM 30 (S) TM 37 (S) TM 45 (S) TM 55 RPM 1489 1285 1170 1123 1619 1489 1385 1243 1218 1180 1147 1118 Gear Driven Unit Model SM 2 SM 4 SM 5 SM 7 (S) SM 11 (S) SM 15 (S) SM 18 (S) SM 22 (S) SM 30 (S) SM 37 (S) SM 45 (S) SM 55 RPM 1647 1296 1266 1238 1880 1725 1320 1213 1179 1142 1110 1089

ISO/ANSI Bearing Life

Tooth Belt Unit Model (T-Belt) Hours TM 2 1,948,000 TM 4 564,000 TM 5 537,000 TM 7 173,000 (S) TM 11 157,000 (S) TM 15 93,000 (S) TM 18 51,000 (S) TM 22 91,000 (S) TM 30 63,000 (S) TM 37 47,000 (S) TM 45 60,000 (S) TM 55 47,000 Gear Driven Unit Model SM 2 SM 4 SM 5 SM 7 (S) SM 11 (S) SM 15 (S) SM 18 (S) SM 22 (S) SM 30 (S) SM 37 (S) SM 45 (S) SM 55 Hours 422,000 128,000 66,000 45,000 144,000 81,000 48,000 221,000 84,000 44,000 85,000 56,000

fig.1

fig.2

Unique Side Entry Mixer Tank Shut-off Device

fig. 3

Tank Shut-Off Mechanism

All units incorporate a tank shut-off device to allow the shaft seal and bearings to be changed under full tank conditions. (See fig. 3, 4 & 5). The tank shut-off mechanism incorporates tapered metal to metal faces, positively clamped by a bolted flange which both seals products in the tank and securely supports the shaft during bearing and/or shaft seal changes. All tapered faces are wear and corrosion resistant. The most important aspect of the Plenty mechanical seal assembly is that it incorporates a safety check

valve for ensuring that the shut-off is 100% effective before removal of any bearings or mechanical seal. The Plenty shut-off mechanism offers complete safety and security as it does not incorporate any flexible O rings or gaskets which deform wear or perish.

Mechanical Seal
The mechanical seal was developed in conjunction with a leading manufacturer for use in the Petrochemical field on fluids from asphalt to xylene. The mechanical seal is completely enclosed inside a housing which is fitted with a close clearance throttle

bush outboard of the mechanical seal to restrict leakage rate of tank media in the event of ultimate seal failure. A safety check valve is fitted for venting the seal chamber to ensure that it is completely filled with liquid prior to start-up as well as to check that the shut-off device is 100% effective. (See fig. 3, 4 & 5).

Alternative Seal Arrangements

Stuffing Box Double Mechanical Seal Cartridge High Temperature Sealing Units

fig. 4

fig. 5

Side Entry Mixer Types

Fixed Angle
Normally used in blending applications, maintaining homogeneity, aiding heat transfer or to maintain temperature uniformity. All these applications demand complete top to bottom turnover and for this purpose mixers are permanently installed at an angle of 10 to the left of the tank axis.

Mounting Support Slings

All Mixers can be installed without support slings, but in view of the already highly stressed condition of large tanks in particular, we recommend that all mixers over 700 kg (all 70 & 85mm units) are fitted with support slings to dissipate the load over as large an area as possible. The standard support slings incorporate variable load settings to accommodate tank shell movement during filling and emptying. (See fig. 8).

Swivel Angle
Swivel Angle mixers incorporate a feature which allows the mixer angle of entry to be varied through 30 either side of the tank centreline in 10 increments and enables the entire tank floor to be directly scoured by the impeller flow stream. This is the only satisfactory solution to B.S. & W. control in large tanks and ensures that the heavy solids, water and corrosive salts which settle in areas least agitated by a permanently fixed mixer are maintained in suspension. The mixer module is supported in two hinge bearings which ensure ease of manual angle changing and the swivel seal is effected by a stainless steel spherical ball (See fig. 6 & 7). As an alternative to this manual facility, an automatic swivel actuator can be supplied as an optional extra.

fig.8: Mechanical Actuator on Gear Mixer

Castor Support
A castor support is available for Fixed- and Swivel Angle Mixers as an alternative to support slings. (See fig.9). This serves the same purpose as the mounting support slings and can be used where welding support sling brackets to the tank shell are impractical.

fig.9: Castor Support on Belt Mixer

Coupling - Gear Driven Unit

fig.6: Swivel Ball

The standard unit incorporates a flexible non-lubricated coupling utilising a double stainless steel membrane pack specifically designed for oil refinery service. The membrane pack facilitates removal of the gearbox without disturbing electric motor alignment. The coupling is totally enclosed by a fully sparkproof and corrosion resistant guard. (See fig.10).

fig.7: Swivel Angle Components

fig.10: Gear Mixer Coupling

Gearbox Lubrication System The Plenty gearbox achieves positive lubrication to all
rotating components, effects low noise emission and maximum heat dissipation from the lubricating oil. The oil reservoir capacity is designed such that the gearwheel picks up oil, providing the necessary meshing oil film at the pinion and displacing oil mist up the lubrication channel to the top pinion bearings. The oil then floods downwards through the bearings into the pinion/wheel meshing. Each gearcase has a magnetic plug fitted to remove any foreign metallic particles that may be present. Oil level windows are fitted as standard.
Plenty Automatic Actuator

The Automatic Swivel Actuator developed by Plenty has been specifically designed to be supplied either fitted to a new mixer or to be retro-fitted to swivel angle mixers already installed on site. There is no need to remove the mixer from the tank. A belt drive from the mixer shaft, connected by the actuator linkage arms to the swivel coverplate ensures that the swivel actuator mechanism is in continuous use whenever the mixer is running. The actuator swivels the mixer from 30 degrees left to 30 degrees right, and back again, in approximately 9 hours when operating. Automatic Swivel Actuators eliminate the need for manual change, freeing personnel for other duties, whilst ensuring more efficient cleaning of the tanks. Plenty have found that often, the angle of the mixers is not changed manually and this results in sludge build up in tanks. No special tools are required. Fitting and maintenance is carried out with standard tools.
Automatic Actuator with Cover

Optional Design Features

Quality Control
Each mixer is subject to rigorous quality control checks throughout the various stages of manufacture and to a standard works no load running test. Witnessed testing is possible by prior arrangement.

Seal leakage detector Bearing probe wear monitoring unit Special mechanical seals Hand operated swivel actuator Automatic swivel actuator Vibration detectors

Spare Parts and Interchangeability

The number of spare parts which a refinery needs to stock are considerably reduced by the component standardisation inherent in each design. i.e. For each type of transmission only 4 different mechanical seals or sets of bearings are used from 2.2 to 55 kW. A comprehensive stock of standard components is held at our works providing a guaranteed supply in the event of a breakdown.

Process Guarantee
All Plenty Mixers carry a process guarantee, provided :

1. ALL process details are supplied with the enquiry and the expectation of the process is provided before the selection is made. 2. The requirement for the process guarantee is declared at time of enquiry. 3. The mixers are installed, operated and maintained according to the SPX Plenty Installation, Operations and Maintenance Manual.

Fixed Angle Heavy Duty Belt Driven

Specification Model TM
Driven by a horizontal foot mounted motor fitted above the main mixer frame on a steel mounting plate with a hinged adjustment for correct belt tensioning. Hinge pins and adjusting screws etc. are cadmium plated to protect against atmospheric corrosion. The motor and mixer shafts are connected by a Fire Resistant Anti Static (FRAS) High Torque Drive (HTD) Tooth Belt adequately sized to transmit motor power. The pulleys have taperlock bushes for ease of removal and are enclosed in a sparkproof and weatherproof guard. A standard guard is available for all ATEX approval needs. Drive service factor is 1.5 minimum. The main mixer frame is a rigid one piece casting spigot located to the steel mounting flange and incorporating pre-lubricated sealed for life hermetically sealed shaft bearings having a minimum B.10 life of 47,000 hours. The mounting flange incorporates a single mechanical seal with a corrosion and wear resistant tank shut off device permitting seal and bearing replacement under full tank conditions. A close clearance throttle bush is fitted outboard of the mechanical seal to limit the leakage rate in the event of catastrophic seal failure. Optional tank adaptor flanges can be supplied to suit all tank manhole/nozzle fixings. The mixer shaft is hard chromed in the shaft seal and shut off area and fitted with a one piece cast, three bladed, high efficiency, special pitch impeller, balanced and keyed in position.

Technical Data: Fixed Angle Belt Drive

Note Variable spring loaded support slings recommended for 70mm and 85mm mixers

E NB ANSI 150RF

Optional tank adaptor flange 150mm min (6)

B (max)
Tank Floor

A dia

Shaft DIA: AT SEAL.

Drive *Nominal RPM A (Dia) B C E (Bore) H J
* Based on 50Hz motors

45 mm
431

60 mm

70 mm

85 mm
409

kW

To suit Specific Process Conditions 440 406 To suit Specific Process Conditions 860 / 333/4 1105 / 431/2 680 / 263/4 860 / 34 203 / 8 254 / 10 910 / 36 1160 / 453/4 575 / 223/4 725 / 281/2

mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins

705 460 203 600 380

/ 273/4 / 22 /8 / 233/4 / 15

1180 960 254 1245 725

/ 461/2 / 373/4 / 10 / 49 / 281/2

Dimensions are approximate only and certified drawings will be supplied at time of order.

Swivel Angle Heavy Duty Belt Driven

Specification Model STM

Driven by a horizontal foot mounted motor which is fitted above the main mixer frame on a steel mounting plate with hinged adjustment for correct belt tensioning. Hinge pins and adjusting screws are cadmium plated to protect against atmospheric corrosion. The motor and mixer shafts are connected by a Fire Resistant Anti Static (FRAS) High Torque Drive (HTD) Tooth Belt adequately sized to transmit motor power. The pulleys have taperlock bushes for ease of removal and are enclosed in a sparkproof and weatherproof guard. A standard guard is available for all ATEX approval needs. Drive service factor 1.5 minimum. The main mixer frame is a rigid one piece casting spigot located to the steel mounting flange and incorporating pre-lubricated sealed for life hermetically sealed shaft bearings having a minimum B.10 life of 47,000 hours. The mixer frame is also spigot located to a swivel assembly which is flanged to suit the tank manway/nozzle. This swivel assembly comprises a stainless steel polished spherical ball integral with the mixer mounting flange and sealed by a Viton Solosele which is adjustable to prevent leakage when the mixer is swivelled in a horizontal plane through 60 deg. (30 deg either side of centre). The mixer is supported by robust hinge pins and is provided with a positive clamping arrangement for locking the mixer in positions of 10 deg. intervals. The Plenty automatic actuators can be fitted to this range. The mounting flange incorporates a single mechanical seal with a corrosion and wear resistant tank shut off device permitting seal and bearing replacement under full tank conditions.The seal also has a close clearance throttle bush outboard of the mechanical seal to limit the leakage rate in the event of catastrophic seal failure. The mixer shaft is hard chromed in the shaft seal and shut off area and fitted with a one piece cast three bladed, high efficiency, special pitch impeller, balanced and keyed in position.

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Technical Data: Swivel Angle Belt Drive

82,0

Note Variable spring loaded support slings recommended for 70mm and 85mm mixers

Flanged to suit customers Mainway/ Nozzle

76,0

B (MAX)
Tank Floor

150 mimimum

A dia

Shaft DIA: AT SEAL.

Drive *Nominal RPM A (Dia) B C H J kW

60 mm
440

70 mm
To suit Specific Process Conditions 406 To suit Specific Process Conditions 850 / 331/2 1110 / 433/4 1160 / 453/4 725 / 281/2

85 mm
409

mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins

706 / 935 / 910 / 575 /

271/2 37 36 223/4

925 / 1210 / 1245 / 725 /

361/2 471/2 49 281/2

* Based on 50Hz motors

Dimensions are approximate only and certified drawings will be supplied at time of order.

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Fixed Angle Heavy Duty Gear Driven

Specification Model SM
Driven by a vertical electric motor which is flange mounted on the support bracket above the gearbox and connected by an all metal flexible coupling protected by a guard. A standard guard is available for all ATEX approval needs. The gearbox comprises a single reduction hardened high efficiency spiral bevel gear set having a minimum service factor of 1.5 to AGMA gear class 2. The gears and all bearings are splash oil lubricated and enclosed in a large gear case for maximum heat dissipation. The mixer bearings have a minimum B.10 life of 44,000 hours. The mixer frame is a rigid one-piece iron casting spigot located to the gearbox and the steel mounting flange. Optional tank adaptor flanges can be supplied to suit all tank manhole/nozzle fixings. The mounting flange incorporates a single mechanical seal with a corrosion and wear resistant tank shut-off device permitting seal and/or gearbox removal under full tank conditions. A close clearance throttle bush is fitted outboard of the mechanical seal to limit the leakage rate in the event of catastrophic seal failure. The mixer shaft is engineering hard-chromed in the shaft seal and shut-off area and fitted with a one-piece cast three bladed, high efficiency, special pitch impeller, balanced and keyed in position.

12

Technical Data: Fixed Angle Gear Drive

Note Variable spring loaded support slings recommended for 70mm and 85mm mixers

H (MAX)

E NB ANSI 150lb RF

B (MAX)
Tank Floor

150 mimimum

A dia

Shaft DIA: AT SEAL.

Drive *Nominal RPM A (Dia) B C E (Bore) H J
* Based on 50Hz motors

60 mm
425

85 mm
To suit Specific Process Conditions 420 To suit Specific Process Conditions 1185 / 695 / 254 / 1475 / 425 /

kW

mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins

875 / 515 / 203 / 1076 / 340 /

341/2 201/4 8 421/2 131/2

463/4 271/4 10 58 163/4

Dimensions are approximate only and certified drawings will be supplied at time of order.

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Swivel Angle Heavy Duty Gear Driven

Specification Model SSM

Driven by a vertical electric motor which is flange mounted on the support bracket above the gearbox and connected by an all metal flexible coupling protected by a guard. A standard guard is available for all ATEX approval needs. The gearbox comprises a single reduction hardened high efficiency spiral bevel gear set having a minimum service factor of 1.5 to AGMA gear class 2. The gears and all bearings are splash oil lubricated and enclosed in a large gear case for maximum heat dissipation. The mixer bearings have a minimum B.10 life of 44,000 hours. The mixer frame is a rigid one-piece iron casting spigot located to the gearbox and the swivel assembly. This swivel assembly comprises a stainless steel polished spherical ball integral to the mixer mounting flange and sealed by a Viton Solosele which is adjustable to prevent leakage whilst the mixer is swivelled in a horizontal plane through 60 (30 either side of a line through the tank centre). The mixer is supported in robust hinge pins and is provided with a positive clamping arrangement for locking the mixer in positions of 10 intervals. The mounting flange incorporates a single mechanical seal with a corrosion and wear resistant tank shut-off device permitting seal and/or gearbox removal under full tank conditions. A close clearance throttle bush is fitted outboard of the mechanical seal to limit the leakage rate in event of seal failure. The mixer shaft is engineering hard-chromed local to the shaft seal and shut-off area and fitted with a one-piece cast three bladed, high efficency, special pitch impeller balanced and keyed in position.

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Technical Data: Swivel Angle Gear Drive

Note Variable spring loaded support slings recommended for 85mm mixers

H (MAX)

82,0

Flanged to suit customers Mainway/ Nozzle 73mm (3)

B (MAX)
Tank Floor

150 mimimum

A dia

Shaft DIA: AT SEAL.

Drive *Nominal RPM A (Dia) B C H J kW

60 mm
425

85 mm
To suit Specific Process Conditions 420 To suit Specific Process Conditions 930 / 995 / 1475 / 425 /

mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins mm / ins

720 / 770 / 1076 / 340 /

381/4 301/2 421/2 131/2

361/2 361/2 58 163/4

* Based on 50Hz motors

Dimensions are approximate only and certified drawings will be supplied at time of order.

15

Criteria for Side Entry Mixer tank agitation

A. Applications
The majority of Side Entry mixers are required to meet one or more of the following duties

The power (P) required for a given duty is as follows:

P= volume factor x tank ratio factor x viscosity factor x gravity difference factor x blend time factor
This calculated power must not be less than the minimum power.

1. Crude Oil B.S. & W. Control

To control or prevent the accumulation of bottom sludge and water pockets (B.S. & W.) especially in Crude Oil Storage Tanks at Refineries, Terminals or Entrepots. Demands high velocity circulation in order to completely scour the bottom of the tank 2. Maintain Homogeneity To maintain homogeneity of refinery finished or intermediate products or chemical plant feed stocks to ensure uniform specification. This demands complete movement throughout the tank with top to bottom turnover as well as circulation round the tank, to ensure that the product at the top, middle and bottom remains uniform to specification. This may also sometimes apply to crude oil storage especially in refinery tanks feeding direct to the distillation units. 3. Blend To mix two or more different components to obtain a homogeneous blend in a specified time to specific requirements again demands complete top to bottom turnover. 4. Heat Transfer To aid heat transfer while heating or cooling or to maintain temperature uniformity - again complete fluid motion, top to bottom turnover would normally be required. Location of mixers relative to the heating element is also important to the success of the operation. Note It is possible that one or more of the duties may apply to a particular application and the most critical duty must determine the selection of mixer. Generally the most power demanding duty is blending, application 3.

1. Tank Ratio & Geometry

Side Entry mixers induce a spiral jet flow across the floor of the tank continually entraining product from other areas of the tank. This jet stream initially only agitates the higher gravity product in the bottom of the tank, but in time, providing there is the necessary installed power, will gradually penetrate the higher layers of the tank product with sufficient velocity to generate both full top to bottom flow and to break the interface between the various densities and achieve a full homogeneous mix. If the actual height/diameter (Z/t) ratio is excessive this will influence the total power required as shown in Fig.11 below.

Tank Volume m3 x 103

0.5 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 100 125 150

Optimum Height/Dia. (Z/t Ratio)

1.20 1.15 0.98 0.72 0.55 0.38 0.32 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26

Correction Factor for Higher Tank Z/t Ratios

Actual Z/t Ratios / Optimum Z/t ratio (minimum 1.0)

fig. 11

B. Design Parameters
In general, all refinery Side Entry mixer applications require between 1.1 kW - 4.6 kW per 1000 m3. In rare cases, for example B.S. & W. control of crude oil of very low viscosity and low B.S. & W: content, it is possible to install less power but only if the mixers are of the swivel angle type. For each application there is a minimum power below which no matter how long the mixer is operated a blend or homogeneity will never be achieved. For product storage tanks this figure is generally 1.1 kW per 1000m3.

2. Viscosity
The viscosity of the product will also have an effect on the minimum and required power, to achieve movement throughout the tank. The higher the viscosity the greater will be its resistance to the flow generated by the impeller. Generally in viscosities below 50 cP the effect would be very slight, but above this it is very important to make corrections.

16

The viscosity factor would be tabulated thus: Viscosity 500 cP 1,000 cP 2,000 cP 3,000 cP Viscosity Factor 1.5 3.0 5.0 8.0

It is not common to perform tank mixing of products with viscosities as high as the last two examples as it is usually more economical to heat the products being handled to reduce the viscosity not only to keep the power levels of the mixers lower, but also the necessary power for the transfer pumps. 3. Density Difference The density spread can have a considerable effect on the final mixer power. Generally speaking, the wider the difference between the density of the two or more components to be mixed the more power is required to break the interfaces between the components and achieve blend. If inadequate power is installed, insufficient fluid velocity would be developed to break down the interfaces. An indication of the the effect which this variable has on the total mixer power required is shown below. Density Difference API 15 25 35 Gravity Difference Factor 1.0 1.5 2.0 Crude Oil BS&W control The main purpose of the mixers in this application is to ensure the developed jet flow is used to lift the BS&W into the body of the crude oil to maintain a relatively clean tank floor. The Swivel Angle mixers used can be varied to direct flow up to 30 degrees either side of the centre line of the tank, so that all areas of the tank are swept. It is particulary important to prevent sludge build up or blockage around the tank outlet so the mixer group should be situated directly opposite the tank outlet. Blending, maintaining homogeneity and heat transfer It is assumed that these duties are with clean product and so Fixed Angle mixers are used. As with Swivel Angle mixers, all should be approx. 22.5 degrees apart and with 90 degree quadrant. If it is possible to operate the mixers during pump up, up to 50% of process power or time can be saved. To maximise the additive mixer effect of inlet flow and mixer jet stream it is recommended that the mixer group be situated approx. 22.5 degrees to the left of the tank inlet. If it is not possible to utilise the pump up time, the postion of the mixer group is not critical. Swivel Angle mixers locked in the 10 degree left position can be used for these duties.

4. Time It will be appreciated that to blend the tank contents in 12 hours would require approx.half the power required to do the same duty in 6 hours and approx. twice as much power as would be necessary in 24 hours. It is, however, necessary to appreciate that some time is required to get the tank contents in motion before the necessary flow pattern is established to enable the mixing process to commence. Additionally it should be understood that advantages can be obtained by operating the mixer(s) while filling the tank (see later discussion under 5). As already discussed there is a minimum power required for a given volume below which the necessary fluid motion would never be developed for minimal process requirements.
5. Orientation, Multiple Mixers,

Relation to Inlet and Outlet Connections In order to maximise flow regime within the tank, Plenty experience shows that all mixers selected should be contained with a 90 degree quadrant and approximately 22 1/2 degrees apart. The positioning of the mixers on the tank depends upon the application.

17

Recommended Mixer Orientations

Mixer Positioning: Fixed Angle Mixers

Plenty recommended mixer (Fixed Angle) positions for effective blending, homogeneity and temperature uniformity

Mixer Positioning: Swivel Angle Mixers

Plenty recommended mixer (Swivel Angle) positions for effective B.S. & W. control in cruide oil tanks

18

Tank Mounting Details

Manhole or Nozzle Size 18 ANSI 150 20 ANSI 150 20 API 650 24 ANSI 150 24 API 650 30 ANSI 150 30 API 650

Bore X (mm) 430 480 508 580 610 720 762

150 560 660 700 815 840 840 840

175 510 610 610 815 840 840 840

Nozzle length Y (mm) 200 225 250 275 300 325 Maximum Impeller Diameter (mm) 510 560 610 790 815 840 840 460 510 610 790 815 840 840 460 510 560 700 740 840 840 460 510 560 660 700 815 840 460 510 560 660 700 815 840 460 510 560 660 660 815 840

350 460 510 560 660 660 815 840

375 460 510 510 610 660 815 840

Manhole or Nozzle Size 18 ANSI 150 20 ANSI 150 20 API 650 24 ANSI 150 24 API 650 30 ANSI 150 30 API 650

Bore X (ins) 16.93 18.9 20 22.84 24 28.35 30

6 22 26 28 32 33 33 33

7 20 24 24 32 33 33 33

Nozzle length Y (ins) 8 9 10 11 12 12 3/4 13 3/4 14 3/4 Maximum Impeller Diameter (mm) 20 22 24 31 32 33 33 18 20 24 31 32 33 33 18 20 22 28 29 33 33 18 20 22 26 28 32 33 18 20 22 26 28 32 33 18 20 22 26 32 32 33 18 20 22 26 26 32 33 18 20 20 24 26 32 33

19

Process Operation Details

Operation
Swivel Angle Mixers Normally used for suspension of sludge, solids etc., with occasionally a further requirement for blending (mixer set in 10 left position). For optimum mixing efficiency the mixers should be operated on the following swivel programme.

Clean or New tanks - Solids Suspension

30 left, 10 right, 20 left, 20 right, 10 left, 30 right, 30 left etc., angle changes being made every 2/3 month max. Specific process guidance is available from Plenty mixers.
The results of correct mixer selection and positioning for B.S. & W. control in a 500,000 Bbls Crude Oil Tank

Dirty Tanks - Solids Suspension

Programme as for clean tanks but initially the mixer should operate for approximately 8 hours on one angle per batch i.e., first batch 30 left, second batch 10 right, and so on until such time that the deposits are reduced to a reasonable level. Then revert to a change of swivel angle every 2/3 months. Specific process guidance is available from Plenty mixers.

The advantage of operating Plenty Swivel Angle Mixers in crude oil storage tanks
In most crude oils there are varying quantities of Bottom Sludge and Water (BS&W) which contains paraffins, heavy ends, sediments of sand / silts and water. The rate of accumulation varies with the quality of the crude stored. Some of the main reasons why BS&W should be controlled are: Tankage is always available for storage and not out of commission being cleaned or repaired Problems of sludge disposal are overcome. No environmental problems. Accumulation of BS&W can cause severe corrosion of tank floor and lower shell plates. Hazardous, dangerous and costly tank cleaning is practically eliminated. Large accumulations of BS&W can dramatically reduce operations flexibility. Up to 70% of the BS&W is recoverable hydrocarbons which result in lost revenue if not utilised. Large accumulations, if not controlled or monitored, can result in floating roof damage when tank is on pump-down condition. If slugs of BS&W break free during pump-down then serious damage to the transfer pumps or even disruption of the refinery operation can result. Elimination of plugged water drains.

Blending, Maintaining Homogeneity, Temperature, Uniformity

The mixer should be positioned at the 10 left angle to ensure full top to bottom turnover.

Typical mixing action in a crude oil storage tank

20

Mounting Flange Details

NOTES : 1. Dimensions in brackets are metric. 2. Mixers without manways are supplied with this ange studded. 3. Flange thickness does not conform to ANSI or API standards 4. Thickness of ange D is 1.125 (28.6) on swivel angle models

STANDARD 8 ANSI 150 RF 10 ANSI 150 RF 20 ANSI 150 RF 20 API NOZZLE 24 ANSI 150 RF 24 API NOZZLE 30 ANSI 150 RF 30 API NOZZLE 20 API 650 MANWAY 24 API 650 MANWAY 30 API 650 MANWAY 24 BS 2654 1956 & 1965 ALSO 24 SHELL T280058 600 BS 2654 1973 600 BS 2654 1975

A O/D 13.5 (343) 16 (406) 27.5 (699) 32.75 (832) 38.75 (984) 28.75 (730) 32.75 (832) 38.75 (984) 31 (787 (780) (780)

B R.F. DIA. 10.63 (270) 12.75 (324) 23 (584) 27.25 (692) 33.75 (857) -

C N.B. 8 10 20 24 30 20 24 30

D THK 0.875 (22) 0.875 (22) 0.875 (22) 0.875 (22) 0.875 (22) 0.875 (22 0.875 (22) (22) (22)

E F G RF. HT. NO HOLES HOLE DIA. 0.062 (1.5) 0.062 (1.5) 0.062 (1.5) 0.062 (1.5) 0.062 (1.5) 8 12 20 20 28 28 28 42 0.875 (22) 1 (25) 1.25 (32) 1.375 (35) 1.375 (35) 0.875 (22) 0.875 (22) 0.875 (22) 0.875 (22) (23) (22)

H PCD 11.75 (298) 14.25 (362) 25 (635) 29.5 (749) 36 (914)

REMARKS
45MM & 60MM SEE NOTE 2. 70MM & 85MM SEE NOTE 2. DIMN. D NON STANDARD DIMN. A & D NON STANDARD DIMN. D NON STANDARD

26.25 DIMN. D (667) NON STANDARD 30.25 DIMN. D (768) NON STANDARD 36.25 DIMN. D (921) NON STANDARD 28.5 DIMN. D (724) NON STANDARD (740) (725)
DIMN. D NON STANDARD DIMN. D NON STANDARD

24 (600) (600)

36 36 36

21

Recommended cut out dimensions of floating roof tanks fitted with Fixed Angle mixers

'Y' FLOATING ROOF PONTOON

76

PONTOON CUT OUT TO BE MINIMUM OF 150mm CLEAR OF IMPELLER BLADES

150 MINIMUM

A = Max. offset of impeller swept arc from tank/nozzle centre line. B = Min. clearance (tank wall to back face of impeller) C = Max. protrusion (tank wall to impeller tip).

Mixer Size 45* 45* 60 60 70 70 85 85

A (mm) 410 410 470 470 580 580 610 610 B C B C B C B C

Nozzle length Y (mm) 150 175 200 225 250 275 Position of Impeller relative to tank wall (mm) 311 286 260 235 210 184 394 445 546 660 794 699 870 368 419 521 635 768 673 844 343 394 495 610 743 648 819 318 368 470 584 718 622 794 292 345 445 559 692 597 768 267 318 419 533 667 572 743

300 159 241 292 364 508 641 546 718

325

350

375

* manhole/nozzle too long

267 368 483 616 521 692

241 343 457 591 495 667

216 317 432 565 470 641

Mixer Size 45* 45* 60 60 70 70 85 85

A (ins) 16 1/4 B 16 1/4 C 18 1/2 B 18 1/2 C 23 23 24 24 B C B C

Nozzle length Y (ins) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 3/4 13 3/4 14 3/4 Position of Impeller relative to tank wall (ins) 12 1/4 11 1/4 10 1/4 9 1/4 8 1/4 7 1/4 6 1/4 15 1/2 14 1/2 13 1/2 12 1/2 11 1/2 10 1/2 9 1/2 9 1/2 8 1/2 17 1/2 16 1/2 15 1/2 14 1/2 13 1/2 12 1/2 11 1/2 10 1/2 26 1/2 25 1/2 24 1/2 23 1/2 22 1/2 21 1/2 20 1/2

* manhole/nozzle too long

21 1/2 20 1/2 19 1/2 18 1/2 17 1/2 16 1/2 14 1/4 14 1/2 13 1/2 12 1/2 191/2 18 1/2 17 1/2 31 1/4 30 1/4 29 1/4 28 1/4 27 1/4 27 1/4 25 1/4 24 1/4 23 1/4 22 1/4 27 1/2 26 1/2 25 1/2 24 1/2 23 1/2 23 1/2 21 1/2 20 1/2 19 1/2 18 1/2 34 1/4 33 1/4 32 1/4 31 1/4 30 1/4 29 1/4 28 1/4 27 1/4 27 1/4 25 1/4

22

'B'

'C'

Recommended cut out dimensions of floating roof tanks fitted with Swivel Angle mixers.

A = Max. offset of impeller swept arc from tank/nozzle centre line. B = Min. clearance (tank wall to back face of impeller) C = Max. protrusion (tank wall to impeller tip).

Mixer Size

A (mm)

150

Nozzle length Y (mm) 175 200 225 250

275

300

325

350

'A'
30

375

60 60 70 70 85 85

584 584 787 787 813 813

B C B C B C

Position of Impeller relative to tank wall (mm) 191 165 139 521 260 699 298 781 495 470 235 210 673 648 273 248 756 730 184 622 222 705 159 597 197 679 171 654

manhole/nozzle too long

manhole/nozzle too long

146 629

manhole/nozzle too long

Mixer Size 60 60 70 70 85 85

A (ins) 584 584 787 787 813 813 B C B C B C

Nozzle length Y (ins) 6 7 8 9 10 11 Position of Impeller relative to tank wall (ins) 7 1/2 6 1/2 5 1/2 20 1/2 19 1/2 18 1/2 10 1/4 9 1/4 8 1/4 9 3/4 7 1/4 8 3/4 6 1/4 7 3/4 6 3/4

12 12 3\4 13 3\4 14 3\4

manhole/nozzle too long

manhole/nozzle too long

27 1/2 26 1/2 25 1/2 24 1/2 23 1/2 11 3/4 10 3/4 5 3/4

manhole/nozzle too long

30 3/4 29 3/4 28 3/4 27 3/4 26 3/4 25 3/4 24 3/4

23

Typical Site References

Plentys experience and knowlege is based upon data accumulated over many years, and field tests conducted with Shell, ExxonMobil and BP refineries in the United Kingdom and Europe.

Plenty swivel angle belt drive mixers on a 1,000,000 Bbl (160,000 m3) crude oil tank in Europe.
Plenty swivel angle gear drive mixer in a Russian oil refinery

Final installation of a Plenty belt drive mixer Installing a Plenty belt drive mixer in Europe

Plenty Mixer installed on a double skinned tank.

Plenty swivel angle belt drive mixer complete with automatic actuator

24

Selected References
Country Qty Asia, Far East, Australia Australia 90 China 150 India 500 Indonesia 30 Korea 350 Malaysia 230 Pakistan 40 Philippines 100 Singapore 450 Thailand 300 Taiwan 30 Americas Argentina Colombia Chile Ecuador Venezuela USA/Canada Europe Belgium Croatia Czech Republic Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Netherlands Poland Spain Sweden Turkey UK Slovakia Slovenia Middle East, Africa Bahrain Egypt Iran Kuwait Libya Qatar Saudi Arabia South Africa United Arab Emirates End Users Shell, Mobil, Caltex, BP Chinese Petroleum Company, Dalian Refinery, Shanghai Yinfu Oils Indian Oil Corporation, Reliance Petroleum, Kochi Refineries Pertamina LG Caltex Oil, Hyundai Oil, Ssangyong Oil, SK Corporation Petronas, Shell, Esso, Malaysian Refining Compay Attock Refinery, National Refinery, Pakistan Oilfields Shell, Caltex, Petron Shell, ExxonMobil, Caltex, Singapore Refining Co, Vopak, Singapore Petroleum Co. Thai Oil, Allied Refining Co, Bangchak Petroleum. Thai Petrochemical Industries Chinese Petroleum Corporation, Formosa Petrochemicals

60 80 10 90 60 1000

Shell, Terminal 6 S.A., Bolland, YPF Ecopetrol, Oxy Refineria De Petroleo Concon, ENAP Amazonas & Balao Terminals, Esmeraldas Refinery PdVSA, Shell Shell, Exxon, Amoco, Ultramar, Chevron, Conoco, Imperial Oil, Marathon Oil

30 60 50 20 130 50 25 15 25 30 165 25 150 50 80 580 5 10

Esso, Fina Rafinerija Nafte Sisak, Rafinerija Rijeka, Janaf Ceska Refinery, Slovnaft Statoil, Dansk Shell Total Fina Elf, BP, Shell, Exxon Shell, Esso, Holborn Europa Hellenic Petroleum, Petrola Hellas SA MOL, Magyar Olaj Raffineeria Di Roma, Agip Petroli, ERG Ventspils Nafta Shell, Esso, Total, MOT, MET, Paktank, Vopak, Team Terminal, Nerefco Raffineria Gdansk, Peru Przyjazan Repsol, CEPSA, BP, Petronos, Lubrisur, Forestal del Atlantico Nynas, Shell Skandinaviska Raff, Preem Tupras, Mobil Shell, BP, ExxonMobil, Texaco, Phillips, Talisman, Petroplus Budkovice Nafta Lendava

35 200 280 25 60 40 60 25 130

Bahrain Petrochemical Company NASR Petroleum Company, Alexandria Petroleum Company, Sumed National Iranian Oil Company Kuwait National Petroleum Company, Kuwait Oil Company Jawaby Oil QP Aramco Caltex, Shell ADNOC, ZADCO, ENOC

25

Global Headquarters: SPX Process Equipment, Delavan, WI USA How To Contact Us:
For technical details on products and services available from SPX Process Equipment, contact us at: www.spxprocessequipment.com

Bran+Luebbe, Norderstedt, Werkstrae 4 D-22844 Norderstedt, Germany Phone: Fax: +49 (0) 40 - 522 02-0 +49 (0) 40 - 522 02-444

Lightnin, Rochester 135 Mt. Read Blvd. Rochester, NY 14611 U.S.A. Phone Fax +1 (585) 436 5550 +1 (585) 436 5589

Waukesha Cherry-Burrell, Delavan 611 Sugar Creek Rd. Delavan, WI 53115 Phone Fax +1 (262) 728 1900 +1 (262) 728 4904

Your local contact

SPX Process Equipment Ltd Bran+Luebbe/Lightnin/Plenty Operation Ironstone Way Brixworth Northants NN6 9UD Tel : +44 (0) 1604 880 751 Fax : +44 (0) 1604 880 145 [email protected] SPX Process Equipment Ltd Lightnin / Plenty Mixers Operation 1st Floor, Clark House Hulley Road Maccleseld Cheshire SK10 2LU Tel : +44 (0) 1625 505 770 Fax : +44 (0) 1625 668 980 [email protected]

SPX Process Equipment Ltd. Ironstone Way Brixworth Northampton NN6 9UD Phone 01604 - 88 07 51 Telefax 01604 - 88 01 45 E-Mail [email protected] Internet http://www.spxpe.com

10.0 1.0 GB 1105