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    PNF - Techniques

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    bpt2
    The document describes various PNF techniques used to improve flexibility and range of motion. It categorizes techniques as those directed at agonists, those using antagonists to facilitate agonist contraction, and those using antagonists for relaxation. Specific techniques are then defined, including rhythmic initiation, combination of isotonics, reversal of antagonists, dynamic reversal, stabilizing reversal, rhythmic stabilization, and repeated stretches from the beginning or through range of motion. Goals, indications, and contraindications are provided for each technique.

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    PNF - Techniques

    Uploaded by

    bpt2
    49K views34 pages
    The document describes various PNF techniques used to improve flexibility and range of motion. It categorizes techniques as those directed at agonists, those using antagonists to facilitate agonist contraction, and those using antagonists for relaxation. Specific techniques are then defined, including rhythmic initiation, combination of isotonics, reversal of antagonists, dynamic reversal, stabilizing reversal, rhythmic stabilization, and repeated stretches from the beginning or through range of motion. Goals, indications, and contraindications are provided for each technique.

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    The document describes various PNF techniques used to improve flexibility and range of motion. It categorizes techniques as those directed at agonists, those using antagonists to facilitate agonist contraction, and those using antagonists for relaxation. Specific techniques are then defined, including rhythmic initiation, combination of isotonics, reversal of antagonists, dynamic reversal, stabilizing reversal, rhythmic stabilization, and repeated stretches from the beginning or through range of motion. Goals, indications, and contraindications are provided for each technique.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    49K views34 pages

    PNF - Techniques

    Uploaded by

    bpt2
    The document describes various PNF techniques used to improve flexibility and range of motion. It categorizes techniques as those directed at agonists, those using antagonists to facilitate agonist contraction, and those using antagonists for relaxation. Specific techniques are then defined, including rhythmic initiation, combination of isotonics, reversal of antagonists, dynamic reversal, stabilizing reversal, rhythmic stabilization, and repeated stretches from the beginning or through range of motion. Goals, indications, and contraindications are provided for each technique.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    PNF - Techniques

    Classification of Techniques
     Techniques directed to agonists

     Techniques using antagonists to facilitate


    contraction of agonists

     Techniques using antagonists for


    relaxation of antagonists
    The techniques described
    are:
     ∗       Rhythmic Initiation
     ∗       Combination of Isotonics.
     ∗       Reversal of Antagonists
     ∗       Dynamic Reversal of Antagonists
    (incorporates Slow Reversal)
     ∗       Stabilizing Reversal
     ∗       Rhythmic Stabilization
     ∗        Repeated Stretch (Repeated
    Contraction)
     ∗        Repeated Stretch from beginning
    of range
     ∗       Repeated Stretch through range
    Rhythmic Initiation (def)

     Rhythmic motion of the limb or body


    through the desired range, starting with
    passive motion and progressing to active
    resisted movement
    Rhythmic Initiation
     Goals

     Aid in initiation of motion


     Improve coordination and sense of motion
     Normalize the rate of motion, either
    increasing or decreasing it
     Teach the motion
     Help the patient to relax
    Indications
    ∗ Difficulties in initiating motion
    ∗ Movement too slow or too fast
    ∗ Uncoordinated or dysrhythmic motion
    ∗ General tension
    Combination of Isotonic
     Combined concentric, eccentric, and
    stabilizing contractions of one group of
    muscles (agonists) without relaxation.

     For treatment, start where the patient has


    the most strength or best coordination
     Goals

     Active control of motion


     Coordination
     Increase the active range of motion
     Strengthen
     Functional training in eccentric control of movement
     Indication

     Decreased eccentric control


     Lack of coordination or ability to move in a
    desired direction
     Lack of active motion within the range of
    motion
     Decreased active range of motion
    Reversal of Antagonists

     Dynamic Reversals

     Stabilizing Reversal
      Dynamic Reversals
     (Incorporates Slow Reversal) Active
    motion changing from one direction
    (agonist) to the opposite (antagonist)
    without pause or relaxation. In normal life
    we often see this kind of muscle activity;
    throwing a ball, bicycling, walking etc
    Goals
    * Increase active range of motion
    * Increase strength
    * Develop coordination (smooth reversal of
    motion)
    * Prevent or reduce fatigue
    * Increase endurance
    Indications
    * Decreased active range of motion
    * Weakness of the agonistic muscles
    * Decreased ability to change direction of motion
    * Exercised muscles begin to fatigue
    Stabilizing Reversal –

    Alternating isotonic contractions opposed by


    enough resistance to prevent motion. The
    command is a dynamic command ("push against
    my hands", or "don't let me push you") and the
    therapist allows only a very small movement.
    Goals
    * Increase stability and balance
    * Increase muscle strength
    * Increase coordination between agonist and
    antagonist
    Indications
    * Decreased stability
    * Weakness
    * Patient is unable to contract muscle isometrically
    Rhythmic Stabilization
     - Alternating isometric contractions against resistance, no
    motion intended

     Goals
     Increase active and passive range of motion
     Increase strength
     Increase stability and balance
     Decrease pain
     Indications
     Imitated range of motion
     Pain, particularly when motion is attempted
     Joint instability
     Weakness in the antagonistic muscle group
     Decreased balance

    Contraindications
    * Cerebellar involvement
    * The patient is unable to follow instructions due to age,
    language difficulty, and cerebral dysfunction
    Repeated Stretch from Beginning
    of Range
     -stretch reflex elicited from muscles under the
    tension of elongation
    Goals
    * Facilitate initiation of motion
    * Increase active range of motion
    * Increase strength
    * Prevent or reduce fatigue
    * Guide motion in the desired direction
    Indications
    * Weakness
    * Inability to initiate motion due to weakness or
    rigidity
    * Fatigue
    * Decreased awareness of motion
    Contraindications
    * Joint instability
    * Pain
    * Unstable bones due to fracture or osteoporosis
    * Damaged muscle or tendon
    - Stretch (Repeated Contractio
    eated

     Repeated Stretch from Beginning of


    Range stretch reflex elicited from muscles
    under the tension of elongation
     Goals

      ∗       Facilitate initiation of motion


     ∗       Increase active range of motion
     ∗       Increase strength
     ∗       Prevent or reduce fatigue
     * Guide motion in the desired
    direction
    Indications
    ∗       Weakness
    ∗          Inability to initiate motion due to
    weakness or rigidity
    ∗       Fatigue
    ∗       Decreased awareness of motion
     Contraindications
     ∗       Joint instability
     ∗       Pain
     ∗        Unstable bones due to fracture or
     Repeated Stretch-The stretch reflex elicited from
    muscles under the tension of contraction.
    Goals
    * Increase active range of motion
    * Increase strength
    * Prevent or reduce fatigue
    * Guide motion in the desired direction
    Indications
    * Weakness
    * Fatigue
    * Decreased awareness of desired motion

    Contraindications
    * Joint instability
    * Pain
    * Unstable bones due to fracture or
    osteoporosis
    * Damaged muscle or tendon
    Contract-Relax

     -Resisted isotonic contraction of the restricting muscles


    (antagonists) followed by relaxation and movement into
    the increased range.
    Goal
    * Increased passive range of motion

    Indication
    * Decreased passive range of motion
     Hold-Relax: Direct Treatment-Resisted
    isometric contraction of the antagonistic
    muscles (shortened muscles) followed by
    relaxation
    Goals
    * Increase passive range of motion
    * Decrease pain
    Indications
    * Decreased passive range of motion
    * Pain
    * The patient's isotonic contractions are too strong
    for the therapist to control
    Contraindication
    * The patient is unable to do an isometric
    contraction
    PNF STRETCHING
     PNF stretching uses the neuromuscular
    patterns of each muscle group to help
    improve flexibility.
     A series of intense contractions and
    relaxations using a partner or equipment to
    help him stretch.
     The PNF technique allows for greater
    muscle relaxation following each
    contraction and increases the ability to
    stretch through a greater range of motion.
    the hold-relax

    This technique is also called the contract-relax.


    After assuming an initial passive stretch, the
    muscle being stretched is isometrically
    contracted for 7-15 seconds, after which the
    muscle is briefly relaxed for 2-3 seconds, and
    then immediately subjected to a passive stretch
    which stretches the muscle even further than the
    initial passive stretch. This final passive stretch
    is held for 10-15 seconds. The muscle is then
    relaxed for 20 seconds before performing
    another PNF technique
    the hold-relax-contract
    This technique is also called the contract-relax-contract,
    and the contract-relax-antagonist-contract (or CRAC). It
    involves performing two isometric contractions: first of the
    agonists, then, of the antagonists. The first part is similar
    to the hold-relax where, after assuming an initial passive
    stretch, the stretched muscle is isometrically contracted
    for 7-15 seconds. Then the muscle is relaxed while its
    antagonist immediately performs an isometric contraction
    that is held for 7-15 seconds. The muscles are then
    relaxed for 20 seconds before performing another PNF
    technique
    Hold- relax
    Passive stretch
    Isometric contraction

    Passive stretch
    Concentric contraction

    Contract-relax

    Passive stretch
    Concentric contraction
    Full range

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