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    Basic GD&T - Datums PDF

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    tnchsg
    GD&T is a system used to define the geometry of parts beyond simple tolerances. It uses symbols to specify dimensions, tolerances, and datums. Datums establish reference surfaces or features from which other geometric characteristics are controlled. Geometric characteristic symbols indicate tolerances for features such as flatness, circularity, perpendicularity, etc. Modifiers specify conditions like maximum material condition or least material condition. Proper use of datums and geometric controls allows for unambiguous inspection of part geometry.

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    Basic GD&T - Datums PDF

    Uploaded by

    tnchsg
    1K views35 pages
    GD&T is a system used to define the geometry of parts beyond simple tolerances. It uses symbols to specify dimensions, tolerances, and datums. Datums establish reference surfaces or features from which other geometric characteristics are controlled. Geometric characteristic symbols indicate tolerances for features such as flatness, circularity, perpendicularity, etc. Modifiers specify conditions like maximum material condition or least material condition. Proper use of datums and geometric controls allows for unambiguous inspection of part geometry.

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    GD&T is a system used to define the geometry of parts beyond simple tolerances. It uses symbols to specify dimensions, tolerances, and datums. Datums establish reference surfaces or features from which other geometric characteristics are controlled. Geometric characteristic symbols indicate tolerances for features such as flatness, circularity, perpendicularity, etc. Modifiers specify conditions like maximum material condition or least material condition. Proper use of datums and geometric controls allows for unambiguous inspection of part geometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views35 pages

    Basic GD&T - Datums PDF

    Uploaded by

    tnchsg
    GD&T is a system used to define the geometry of parts beyond simple tolerances. It uses symbols to specify dimensions, tolerances, and datums. Datums establish reference surfaces or features from which other geometric characteristics are controlled. Geometric characteristic symbols indicate tolerances for features such as flatness, circularity, perpendicularity, etc. Modifiers specify conditions like maximum material condition or least material condition. Proper use of datums and geometric controls allows for unambiguous inspection of part geometry.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    The document discusses geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) including symbols, datums, and establishing datum references.

    Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing symbols are used to define the geometry and tolerances of part features.

    Datums are indicated on drawings using letters and are defined by features with specific numbers of contact points to establish the datum reference frame.

    Data Analysis Lab

    ME 288 L7 abc

    GD & T
    Is a method (systems of symbols) for defining a parts geometry
    it goes beyond the form description based simply on tolerance dimensions as directed under rule #1

    A basic dimension is a theoretical perfect size, location or orientation dimension.

    2h

    12
    Varies Basic Dimension

    These symbols are used when dimensioning.


    2h h Counterbore 0.5h h Dimension Origin 1.5h 2h 30 Conical Taper 0.3h Square 15
    h

    h 90 h 0.6h Countersink h 60 Depth (or deep)

    0.5h

    h
    h

    ( )
    2h

    1.5h

    0.3 h Arc Length

    Places or By

    Radius

    (
    12
    Diameter

    Reference

    Slope 2.5h 0.8h

    ST

    1.5h

    Varies

    Basic Dimension

    60 Statistical Tolerance (dimensional)


    Spherical Diameter

    Spherical Radius

    SR

    Controlled Radius

    CR

    These symbols are used when dimensioning.


    h 2h 90 h h 0.6h Counterbore 0.5h 0.5h Countersink 60 Depth (or deep) h h

    h Dimension Origin
    h = height of lettering

    2h

    30
    Conical Taper Square

    These symbols are used when dimensioning


    1.5h 1.6 Arc Length 2h

    .3h

    15 1.5h

    ( )

    (
    X
    Places or By

    Reference 2.5h

    Slope

    12
    Varies

    0.8h

    ST
    60

    1.5h

    Basic Dimension

    Statistical Tolerance (dimensional)

    R
    Radius

    Diameter

    SR
    Spherical Radius

    S
    Spherical Diameter

    CR
    Controlled Radius

    A feature control frame (the backbone of GD & T) modifies a parts geometry.


    Geometric tolerance(characteristic) symbol (position)

    Diameter symbol Numeric tolerance (feature tolerance)


    Modifier

    0.2

    A B

    2h

    Tertiary datum Secondary datum with modifier Primary datum

    Two additional examples of feature control frames modifying a parts geometry.


    Numeric tolerance Diameter symbol Geometric tolerance (perpendicularity) 0.08 Numeric tolerance Geometric tolerance (flatness) (A) 0.05 A

    Modifier Datum
    (B)

    Geometric characteristic(tolerance) symbols are categorized in two ways.


    Geometric Characteristic Symbols
    Symbol Description Straightness Form Flatness Type of tolerance

    Circularity
    Cylindricity Profile line Profile surface Angularity Perpendicularity Parallelism Position Concentricity Symmetry

    Individual features Individual or related features

    No datum or datums needed

    Profile

    Depending on the situation

    Orientation

    * *

    Runout Total

    *Either filled or unfilled

    Runout

    Runout Circular

    Location

    Related features

    A datum or datums are required

    GD&T geometric characteristic symbols illustrated.


    0.6h 2h 1.5h Parallelism h Flatness

    1.5h

    Straightness

    1.5h

    1.5h

    1.5h

    0.8h

    Concentricity

    Circularity

    Modifier

    GD&T geometric characteristic symbols illustrated. 2h 1.2h


    h 0.5h Symmetry 60 1.5h 1.5h h

    Cylindricity 2h

    Position 2h h

    h Profile surface

    All round

    Profile line

    GD&T geometric characteristic symbols illustrated.


    3h 1.5h 2h Perpendicularity 30 1.5h Angularity 0.8h

    * 0.6h
    Between

    0.8h

    45 1.1h

    1.5h

    0.6h Runout Circular

    Runout Total

    * Filled or unfilled

    Table lists GD&T geometric characteristic symbol modifiers.

    Modifiers
    M L

    Maximum Material Condition Least Material Condition Projected Tolerance Zone Free State Variation Tangent Plane Statistical Tolerance (geometric) Between

    P
    F T ST

    * *Filled or unfilled

    Modifiers
    Maximum material condition, MMC (M) Least material condition, LMC (L)

    It should be taken literally.

    It should be taken literally.

    The geometric feature or size is as large as it can be. In the case of a hole, as small as it can be.

    The geometric feature or size is as small as it can be. In the case of a hole, as large as it can be.

    7B

    Rule #1:
    Where only a tolerance of size is specified, the limits of size of an individual feature prescribe the extent of which variations in its geometric form, as well as size, are allowed.
    ANSI Y14.5 1994

    When only size tolerance is specified the objects form can vary within the stated size limits.
    12.2 12.2

    12.2 11.8

    12.2 11.8 11.8

    (B)

    11.8 12.2

    (A)
    at 12.2 MMC must be perfect form
    at 11.8 MMC must be perfect form

    12.2

    (C)

    11.8 11.8 for entire length External dowel plug

    11.8 11.8 for entire length Internal hole

    A cylinder can have a variety of shapes yet stay within the limits of size.

    Max

    Max

    Max

    Min

    Min

    Min

    (A)

    (B)

    (C)

    The rectangular prism can vary in shape as long as it stays inside the volume of the limits of size. 22 20
    18 16 16 14 9 7 8 (A)

    11 9

    (B)

    Checking the size limits envelope: A ring gage and plug gage are used to check the geometric form of a pin and hole.
    8.0 7.8 16.0 15.8 Ring gage 8.0 MMC (A) Checking geometric form with ring gage 7.0 6.8 7.0 LMC 7.8 LMC along entire length of dowel

    Plug gage

    6.8 MMC

    (B) Checking geometric form with plug gage

    Standard Stock Item


    Items whose geometry are already controlled by established industrial or government standards
    bars, sheet stock, tubing or structural shapes

    Datums
    A datum is an exact surface, line, point ,axis or cylinder from which measurements are taken.
    Ex. A surface plate or a polished slab of granite (simulated datum). 3 points define a plane. Datum feature is the surface of the part in contact with the simulated datum.

    A height gage measures the height of an object from the simulated datum surface of a surface plate.
    Dial face Probe

    Up

    Down Measured height Simulated datum (surface plate)

    Datum feature Note: the datum feature rests on the simulated datum. the height is measured from the simulated datum and not from the datum feature.

    Degrees of freedom (12) allow movement in two directions along each axis and rotation about each axis (clockwise and counterclockwise).

    +Z

    -X -Y

    +Y

    +X
    In order to measure geometric features part motion must be restricted.

    -Z

    A datum reference frame consists of three intersecting planes at 90 to each other.

    The part can still move in the positive X, Y and Z directions part motion must be restricted What if we temporarily clamped the part? Measurements can be taken from the simulated datums.

    Datum surfaces must be indicated on the drawing


    Varies H 2H H

    60

    2H for single lettering 4H for double lettering

    Filled or unfilled

    (A) H = height of lettering


    E F 16 G

    (B) Applications

    7C

    The datum symbol is applied to solid cylinders.

    14
    -or- 14

    The datum symbol is applied to holes.


    12 0.1
    M

    G H

    N M 6 P 6 12

    Note: letters I, O and Q are not used to indicate datums because they may be confused with numbers one(1) and zero(0). Double letters can be used e.g. AA, BB etc.

    Order of Datums: Primary datum S has 3 pts of contact, secondary datum T has 2 pts and tertiary datum U 1pt of contact.
    2X 6 0.2 0.1 M S T U

    (A)This drawing symbology

    U 6 10 12
    1 pt of contact 3 pts of contact

    T S

    (B) Means this

    2 pts of contact

    The order of the datums is critical!


    2X 6 0.08 0.1 M V W X

    X (1 pt)

    V (3 pts) W (2 pts)

    X (1 pt)
    True height True width

    V (3 pts)

    X (2 pts)
    False width

    False height

    V (3 pts)

    W (2 pts)

    W (1 pt)

    Correct inspection procedure

    Incorrect inspection procedure

    The datum axis is formed by two intersecting planes.

    8 8

    4X 40.5 0.5 G H

    Datum axis Intersecting planes perpendicular to G Primary datum G

    24
    H 8 G (A) This drawing (B) Means this

    The plug gage establishes the datum axis.


    C 10.80.1

    (A) This drawing

    Simulated datum cylinder C - largest that fits into hole

    Datum axis Plug gage

    (B) Means this

    Datum feature C

    The smallest circumscribed cylinder establishes the simulated datum and the datum axis.
    D

    (A) This drawing

    190.5

    Simulated datum D Datum feature D Datum axis

    (B) Means this

    The simulated central datum plane is established by the center plane of the largest block that fits into the groove.
    12.2 11.8 0.4
    Z Y Z

    A) This drawing
    Y

    24.2 23.8

    B) Means this

    Simulated datums at maximum separation Central datum plane Datum features

    The simulated central datum plane is established by the center plane located by the two blocks at minimum separation.
    18.2 17.8 0.6 B A B

    A) This drawing

    B) Means this

    Simulated datum planes at minimum separation Central datum plane

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