System Optimisation Group China GSM Core Engineering

August 11, 2000 Jim Luan, Lin Mubao

System Optimisation Group China GSM Core Engineering

Drive Test Procedure

Preparation Drive Test FICS Netplan VOT/GEP

Statistics Analysis Problem Finding

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Preparation (1)
Definition File
Without it, it is impossible to observe overshooing neighbors
GenDef7.exe can convert FP to definition file

Neighbor list with definition file

Neighbor list without definition file

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Preparation (2)
Frequency Plan & Configuration map Software:TEMS, FICS, GEP, VOT Hardware: TEMS, GPS, Portable PC Test Problem Sheet Route Map

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Drive Test
For Benchmark
2 minutes per call 10 15 minutes a log files Force to appropriate band (GSM only, DCS only or Dual)

For Special Problem

Planning route No limitation
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TEMS Introduction
Interface Functions

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Log File Process

TEMS Log File FICS .FMT Excel VB .NP/.TXT NetPlan Route Map
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.CSV

.STA

Much shorter cycle time by VOT and GEP.

VOT/GEP
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TEMS .log file Analysis

Below lists common problems which can be observed from Drive Test Log.

Undecoded BCCH BSIC Undecode in Other Site No Handover Delay Handover Ping Pong Handover Negative Handover Overshooting High Overlapping No Dominant Server
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Poor Coverage Unreasonable Serving Area Interference Handover Failure Handover Loss UL Drop Drop Call Sudden Power Drop MS Power Rapid Increase
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Undecoded BCCH (1)

Description:
BSICs cant be decoded in 5s Usually consider 3 strongest neighbors

Reason:
GCLK shift, only decode same site BSICs Channel interference Non-BCCH carrier, no dedicated spectrum for BCCH
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Undecoded BCCH (2)

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BSIC Undecode in Other Site

Description:
BSIC in same site can be decoded but not for other sites Handover can only happen in intra-site basis It is similar to former Undecoded BCCH case

Reason:
GCLK shift
GCLK recalibration is required No one monitors OMC-R alarms
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No Handover (1)
Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded and COMMON handover requirement is fulfilled but there is never a handover

Reason:
Missing neighbor
No such neighbor in CM database

Incorrect external neighbor

Target cells LAC/BCCH/BSIC in add_neighbor is different from those in equip_rtf Engineer modifies external neighbor at MMI, not through GUI Never use OMC-R Proxy Cell to propagate external neighbor information

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N < hreqt. Great HO_MARGIN. Improper algorithm 1-7 setting Missing_rpt =1 Serving cell overshoots/covers too far away Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
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No Handover (2)

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Delay Handover (1)

Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded but handover occurs in much later time

Reason:
All possible neighbors suffer blocking Large hreqt * hreqave qual_power_flag is enabled, full BTS/MS power must be reached before handover Large handover_recognized_period and bssmap_t7 setting Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
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Delay Handover (2)

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Ping Pong Handover (1)

Description:
Lot of handovers between cells Time between Handover is around hreqt*hreqave of such HO cause

Reason:
Improper hardware calibration Hardware fault UL/DL interference Negative handover Different coverage footprint for antennas of a cell

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Ping Pong Handover (2)

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Negative Handover (1)

Description:
Serving cell hands over to a weaker neighbor

Reason:
ho_only_max_power is enabled qual_margin_flag is disabled ho_margin_usage_flag is enabled with negative ho_margin_rxqual/rxlev Negative HO_MARGIN Micro-cellular algorithms are enabled, especially type 5
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Negative Handover (2)

-59dBm before HO -66dBm after HO

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OverShooting (1)
Description:
Cell shoots at far distance but that location has closer cells around

Reason:

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Overshooting cell has small downtilt, 0 degree! Overshooting cell has too high altitude Closer cells have overshooting as well BSIC of closer cells cant be decoded
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OverShooting (2)

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High Overlapping (1)

Description:
Cells have major rxlevel difference within 5dB

Reason:
Overshooting Too many cells in that area Poor antenna downtilt

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High Overlapping (2)

-65dBm

Over Lapping Area

-65dBm

-65dBm

-65dBm
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No Dominant Server (1)

Description:
Rxlevel of best neighbors are close to that of serving cell

Reason:
Poor antenna downtilt Lack of near-by site

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No Dominant Server (2)

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Poor Coverage (1)

Description:
Low rxlevel with rxquality In rural area, rxlevel is less than 15 (-95dBm) In city center, rxlevel is less than 35 (-85dBm) Different location has different threshold, noise level is the key point Lack of cell site BSIC of dominant server cant be decoded Dominant server has blocking or cell-bar Handover problem. E.g. missing & incorrect neighbor, negative handover, no & delay handover
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Reason:

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Poor Coverage (2)

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Unreasonable Serving Area (1)

Description:
Coverage area of the cell is incoherent to the antenna direction

Reason:
Wrong cable connection to antennas Incorrect record of antenna orientation Incorrect ANTENNA_SELECT

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Unreasonable Serving Area (2)

Cell ID:101

BCCH: 35

Cell ID:102 BCCH: 40

Cell ID:103 BCCH: 45

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Interference (1)
Description:
High rxlevel with rxquality

Reason:

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Channel interference Not using dominant server No handover Turn the corner with delay handover
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Interference (2)

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Handover Failure (1)

Description:
MS fails to reach target cell, so return to source cell MS sends HO FAILURE and UL-SABM to source cell and there is response

Reason:

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Channel interference Poor coverage External interference at UL, like wideband repeator Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
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Handover Failure (2)

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Handover Loss (1)

Description:
MS fails to reach target cell, but cant return to source cell MS sends HO FAILURE and UL-SABM to source cell but no response

Reason:
Channel interference Poor coverage External interference at UL, like wideband repeator Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook

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Handover Loss (2)

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UL Drop (1)
Description:
BSS doesnt receive UL SACCH for link_fail times BSS stops transmitting DL power

Reason:
External interference Channel interference Faulty ancillary. UL path loss >>> DL path loss Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook

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UL Drop (2)

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Drop Call (1)

Description:
DL case: Radio_link_timeout counter decreases to 0 UL case: link_fail counter decreases to 0 Layer 2: BSS/MS send SABM/DISC in every T200 for N200+1 times, and no response from recipient

Reason:
All cases in this presentation Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook

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Drop Call (2)

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Sudden Power Drop (1)

Description:
Dedicated ARFCN has significant non-power control rxlevel difference from rxlevel of BCCH

Reason:
No/improper TX power calibration Faulty ancillary. E.g. combiner, filter.. Different cable lengths from BTS to antennas Due to air combing, so antennas have different coverage footprints
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Sudden Power Drop (2)

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MS Power Rapid Increase (1)

Description:
MS rapidly increases its TX power due to
Optimised Power Control or UL SACCH multiframes arent received for link_fail link_about_to_fail times

Reason:
Sudden UL interference, e.g. wideband repeator, channel interference Too much rapid power down l_rxlev_ul_p is too small
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MS Power Rapid Increase (2)

UL power rapid increase from 19 to 5 suddenly

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How GEP Help?

Help to identify below problem in VISUAL basis Co-channel interference Adjacent-Channel interference Mutual neighbor Missing neighbor Unreasonable neighbor Incorrect external neighbor

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How VOT Help?

Help to identify below problem in VISUAL basis Ping pong HO Overshooting No dominant server Poor coverage Unreasonable serving area Interference HO failure HO loss Drop call
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How CM Extractor Help?

Extract most BSS parameter for reference Cell e.g. hreqave,hreqt,N,P BTS e.g. antenna_select RTF check any incorrect external neighbor Neighbor e.g. ho_margin, delay_timer

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How NPM Help?

Provide cell statistics for VOT display Provide BSS and system level 23 key statistics Provide detail troubleshooting statistics

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