System Development Life Cycle

System Development Life Cycle
INTRODUCTION
Information system development involves various activities performed together. The stages involved during System Life Cycle are ::
Recognition of need Feasibility study Analysis Design Implementation Post implementation and maintenance
Recognition of need
It is the first stage of information system development cycle. This gives a clearer picture of what actually the existing system is. The preliminary investigation must define the scope of the project and the perceived problems, opportunities and directives that triggered the project.
The preliminary investigation include the following tasks: a. b. c. d. e. List problems, opportunities and directives. Negotiate preliminary scope. Assess project worth. Plan the project. Present the project and plan.
Feasibility Study
The statement dont try to fix it unless you understand it apply describe the feasibility study stage of system analysis. The goal of feasibility study is to evaluate alternative system and to purpose the most feasible and desirable system for development.
It consist of the following: 1. Statement of the problem 2. Summary of findings and recommendations 3. Details of findings 4. Recommendations and conclusions
There are basically five types of feasibility are addressed in the study.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Technical feasibility Economic feasibility Motivational feasibility Schedule feasibility Operational feasibility
Cost /benefit analysis

Feasibility studies typically involve cost/benefit analysis. In the process of feasibility study, the cost and benefits are estimated with greater accuracy. If cost and benefit can be quantified, they are tangible ; if not , they are called intangible.
COST BENEFIT
COST BENEFIT
TANGIBLE
INTANGIBLE
System Analysis
System analysis is not a preliminary study. It is an in-depth study of end user information needs that produces functional requirements that are used as the basis for the design of a new information system.
System involves detailed study of:

a. The information needs of the organization and end user. b. The activities, resources and products of any present information system. c. The information system capabilities required to meet your Information needs.
System Design
System design can be viewed as the design of user interface, data, process and system specification .
System Design
User interface design Data design Process design
System specification design
System Implementation
Implementation is the stage where theory is converted into practical. The implementation is a vital step in ensuring the success of new systems. Even a well designed system can fail if it is not properly implemented.
implementation
Acquisition of H/W, S/W and services
S/W development Or Modification
End user training
System documentation
Post Implementation and Maintenance

Once a system is fully implemented and being operated by end user, the maintenance function begins. Systems maintenance is the monitoring, evaluating and modifying of operational information system to make desirable or necessary improvements.
PROTOTYPING
Prototyping is the process of building a model system. In terms of an information system prototype are employed to help system designers build an information system that intuitive & easy to manipulate end users. Prototyping is an iterative process that is part of analysis phase of system development of life cycle.
Identify the basic information
Develop the initial prototype

Initial prototype Use prototype system
Operational prototype
YES
Is user satisfied NO Working prototype
Enhanced Working prototype

Revise prototype
Use prototype As specification
Use prototype As app.
ADVANTAGES OF PROTOTYPING
Prototype reduce the development time. It reduce the development cost. It requires the users involvement. Its results are higher user satisfaction. Prototype are an active, not passive, model that end user can see, touch & feel. Prototyping can increase creativity because it allows for quicker user feedback which can lead to better solutions.
DISADVANTAGES OF PROTOTYPING
Prototyping often leads to premature commitment to a design. Prototyping can reduce creativity in designs. Not suitable for large applications. Structure of system can be damaged since many changes could be made. Developer misunderstanding of user objectives.

System Development Life Cycle

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System Development Life Cycle

Cost /benefit analysis

System involves detailed study of:

User interface design Data design Process design

System specification design

Acquisition of H/W, S/W and services

S/W development Or Modification

End user training

Post Implementation and Maintenance

Identify the basic information

Develop the initial prototype

Is user satisfied NO Working prototype

Enhanced Working prototype

Use prototype As specification

Use prototype As app.

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