AIX Tuning For Oracle DB PDF

2011
IBM Power Systems Technical University October 10-14 | Fontainebleau Miami Beach | Miami, FL IBM
Oracle DB and AIX Best Pratices for Performance & tuning

Session ID: PE129
Ronan Bourlier & Loc Fura
Copyright IBM Corporation 2011 Materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
5.3
Agenda
IBM Power Systems Technical University Dublin 2012
CPU
Power 7
Memory
AIX VMM tuning Active Memory Expansion
IO
Storage consideration AIX LVM Striping Disk/Fiber Channel driver optimization Virtual Disk/Fiber channel driver optimization AIX mount option Asynchronous IO
NUMA Optimization Other Tips

Copyright IBM Corporation 2011
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

Power 7 (Socket/Chip/Core/Threads)
Each Power7 socket =
chip
Power Hardware
1 Power7 Chip
Each Power7 Chip = 8 x Power7 4Ghz Cores
SMT
SMT
SMT
SMT
Each Power7 Core = 4 HW SMT threads
Software
lcpu lcpu lcpu lcpu
In AIX, when SMT is enable, each SMT thread is seen like a logical CPU
32 sockets = 32 chips = 256 cores = 1024 SMT threads = 1024 AIX logical CPU
Power7 specific tuning

Use SMT4
Give a cpu boost performance to handle more concurrent threads in parallel
Disabling HW prefetching.
Usually improve performance on Database Workload on big SMP Power system (> P750) # dscrctl n b s 1 (this will dynamically disable HW memory prefetch and keep this
configuration across reboot)
# dscrctl n b s 0 (to reset HW prefetching to default value)
Use Terabyte Segment aliasing Enabled by default on AIX 7.1

Improve CPU performance by reducing SLB miss (segment address resolution) # vmo p o esid_allocator=1 (To enable it on AIX 6.1)
Use Large Pages (16MB memory pages)

Improve CPU performance by reducing TLB miss (Page address resolution) Configure larges pages (xxxx= # of segments of 16M you want) # vmo -r -o lgpg_regions=xxxx -o lgpg_size=16777216 Enable Oracle userid to use Large Pages # chuser capabilities=CAP_NUMA_ATTACH,CAP_BYPASS_RAC_VMM,CAP_PROPAGATE oracle # export ORACLE_SGA_PGSZ=16M before starting oracle (with oracle user) check large page usage for Oracle user # svmon mwU oracle
Power7 Automatic System Optimization

ASO Active System Optimizer

Available since AIX 7.1 TL1 SP1 Start commands
asoo p o aso_active=1 startsrc s aso
Monitor processes activity Automatic tuning of

cache affinity memory affinity
DSO Dynamic System Optimizer

Available with AIX 7.1 TL1 SP7 and AIX 6.1 TL8 SP1 (enterprise edition) Add following features to ASO :
Automatic 16MB pages HW Prefetching automatic tuning
Monitoring
/var/log/aso/aso.log (aso status runing/stopped) /var/log/aso/aso_process.log (aso actions)
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

Virtual Memory Management

1 - AIX is started, applications load some computational pages into the memory. As a UNIX system, AIX will try to take advantage of the free memory by using it as a cache file to reduce the IO on the physical drives. 2 - The activity is increasing, the DB needs more memory but there is no free pages available. LRUD (AIX page stealer) is starting to free some pages into the memory. 3 On older version of AIX (< AIX 6.1) with default settings, LRUD will page out some computational pages instead of removing only pages from the File System Cache.
ACTION 1 - System Startup 2 - DB Activity

(needs more memory)
3 - => Paging Activity MEMORY PAGING SPACE Performance degradation
!
FS CACHE
Objective :
Tune the VMM to protect computational pages (Programs, SGA, PGA) from being paged out and force the LRUD to steal pages from FS-CACHE only.
SGA + PGA Programs Kernel SGA + PGA

9
Memory : Use jointly AIX dynamic LPAR and Oracle dynamic allocation of memory + AMM
Initial configuration
Memory_max_size = 18 GB
Scenario :
Oracle tuning advisor indicates that SGA+PGA need to be increased to 11GB: memory_target can be increased dynamically to 11GB but real memory is only 12GB, so it needs to be increased as well.
Final configuration
Memory_max_size = 18 GB
Real memory = 12 GB
AIX + free AIX + free
Real memory = 15 GB Real memory = 12 GB Memory_target = 11 GB
AIX + free
Step 1 - Increase physical memory allocated to the LPAR to 15 GB

chhwres -r mem -m <system> -o a -p <LPAR name> -q 3072
Memory_target = 8 GB
Memory_target = 8 GB
SGA + PGA
Step 2 - Increase SGA+PGA allocated to the instance of the database to 11GB

alter system set memory_target=11GB;
SGA + PGA
Memory allocated to the system has been increased dynamically, using AIX DLPAR Memory allocated to Oracle (SGA and PGA) has been increased on the fly
11
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

12
Power 7 : AME example

Active Memory Expansion is a POWER7 new feature that expands systems effective memory capacity by dynamicall compressing real memory. Its activation is on LPAR level and transparent for applications. AME goal is to improve the system memory usage. It allows to increase the global systems throughtput and/or reduces the Memory/core ratio application requirements with a low impact on performances.
AME test on Oracle DB eBS Batch. SGA Size = 112GB

Test (Exp. Factor)
Test 0 Baseline (N/A)
100%
Memory Config
Sample Config
Mem Size: 120GB AME Factor: Disabled
Mem Size: 60GB Test 1 200% Expansion (2.0)

50% 50%
AME Factor: 2.00
Test 2 300% Expansion (3.00)

33%
Mem Size: 40GB

66%
AME Factor: 3.00
13
Power 7 : AME example 1 (test results)

eBS DB with 24 cores and SGA Size=112GB
TEST Nb CPU 0 1 2 24 24 24
Physical Memory 120 GB 60 GB 40 GB
AME Factor none 2.0 3.0
BATCH Duration 124 min 127 min 134 min
CPU Consumption avg: 16.3 cpu avg: 16.8 cpu avg: 17.5 cpu
The impact of AME on batch duration is really low (<10%) with few cpu overhead (7%), even with 3 times less memory.
POWER7+ processor embeds on chip hardware compression, expect less CPU consumption for even more compressed memory
Note: This is an illustrative scenario based on using a sample workload. This data represents measured results in a controlled lab environment. Your results may vary. Copyright IBM Corporation 2011
14
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

15
IO : Database Layout
Having a good Storage configuration is a key point : Because disk is the slowest part of an infrastructure Reconfiguration can be difficult and time consuming
Stripe and mirror everything (S.A.M.E) approach: Goal is to balance I/O activity across all disks, loops, adapters, etc... Avoid/Eliminate I/O hotspots
rec O om rac me le nd a ti o
Manual file-by-file data placement is time consuming, resource intensive and iterative Additional advices to implement SAME :
apply the SAME strategy to data, indexes if possible separate redologs (+archivelogs)
16
IO : RAID Policy with ESS, DS6/8K

Storage
RAID-5 vs. RAID-10 Performance Comparison
HW Striping
I/O Profile Sequential Read Sequential Write Random Read Random Write
RAID-5 Excellent Excellent Excellent Fair
RAID-10 Excellent Good Excellent Excellent
LUN 1 LUN 2 LUN 3 LUN 4
With Enterprise class storage (with huge cache), RAID-5 performances are comparable to
RAID-10 (for most customer workloads) Consider RAID-10 for workloads with a high percentage of random write activity (> 25%) and high I/O access densities (peak > 50%)
Use RAID-5 or RAID-10 to create striped LUNs If possible try to minimize the number of LUNs per RAID array to avoid contention on physical disk.
17
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

18
IO : 2nd Striping (LVM)

AIX
Volume Group
Storage
HW Striping
LV (raw or with jfs2)
hdisk1 hdisk2 hdisk3 hdisk4
LUN 1 LUN 2 LUN 3 LUN 4
1. 2. 3. 4.
Luns are striped across physical disks (stripe-size of the physical RAID : ~ 64k, 128k, 256k) LUNs are seen as hdisk device on AIX server. Create AIX Volume Group(s) (VG) with LUNs from multiple arrays Logical Volume striped across hdisks (stripe-size : 8M, 16M, 32M, 64M) => each read/write access to the LV are well balanced accross LUNs and use the maximum number of physical disks for best performance.
LVM Striping
19
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

21
IO : Disk Subsystem Advices

Check if the definition of your disk subsystem is present in the ODM. If the description shown in the output of lsdev Cc disk the word Other, then it means that AIX doesnt have a correct definition of your disk device in the ODM and use a generic device definition.
# lsdev Cc disk
Generic device definition bad performance
In general, a generic device definition provides far from optimal performance since it doesnt properly customize the hdisk device : exemple : hdisk are created with a queue_depth=1 1. Contact your vendor or go to their web site to download the correct ODM definition for your storage subsystem. It will setup properly the hdisk accordingly to your hardware for optimal performance. If AIX is connected to the storage subsystem with several Fiber Channel Cards for performance, dont forget to install a multipath device driver or path control module.
- sdd or sddpcm for IBM DS6000/DS8000 - powerpath for EMC disk subsystem - hdlm for Hitachi etc....
2.
22
IO : AIX IO tuning (1) LVM Physical buffers (pbuf)

Volume Group (LVM)
AIX
Pbuf Pbuf Pbuf Pbuf
1. 2. 3.
Each LVM physical volume as a physical buffer (pbuf) # vmstat v command help you to detect lack of pbuf. If there is a lack of pbuf, 2 solutions: Add more luns (this will add more pbuf) Or increase pbuf size : # lvmo v <vg_name> -o pv_pbuf_count=XXX
LVM Striping
Output of vmstat v command
23
IO : AIX IO tuning (2) hdisk queue_depth (qdepth)

Volume Group (LVM)

Queue_depth
AIX
Pbuf Pbuf Pbuf Pbuf

App. IO
queue queue queue queue queue
iostat -D output
LVM Striping
queue : avgtime
read/write : avgserv
2.2 ms
1.
0.2 ms
Each AIX hdisk has a Queue called queue depth. This parameter set the number of // queries that can be send to Physical disk. To know if you have to increase qdepth, use iostat -D and monitor : avgserv, avgtime If you have : avgserv < 2-3ms => this mean that Storage behave well (can handle more load) And avgtime > 1ms => this mean that disk queue are full, IO wait to be queued => INCREASE hdisk queue depth (# chdev l hdiskXX a queue_depth=YYY)
2.
1.
24
IO : AIX IO tuning (3) HBA tuning (num_cmd_elems)

Volume Group (LVM)

Queue_depth
AIX
MPIO sddpcm
Pbuf Pbuf Pbuf Pbuf
queue queue queue queue
Nb_cmd_elems
LVM Striping
fcs0
queue
fcs1
queue
External Storage
1.
Each HBA FC adapter has a queue nb_cmd_elems. This queue has the same role for the HBS as the qdepth for the disk. Rule of thumb: nb_cmd_elems= (sum of qdepth) / nb HBA Changing nb_cmd_elems : # chdev l fcsX o nb_cmd_elems=YYY You can also change the max_xfer_size=0x200000 and lg_term_dma=0x800000 with the same command
2. 3.
fcstat fcs0 output
These changes use more memory and must be made with caution, check first with : # fcstat fcsX
25
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

26
Virtual SCSI
IBM Power Systems Technical University DublinVirtual I/O helps reduce hardware costs by sharing disk drives 2012
Virtual SCSI model

POWER5 or Later Virtualized disks
AIX generic scsi disk Virtual SCSI generic scsi disk
Micro-partition sees disks as vSCSI (Virtual SCSI) devices Virtual SCSI devices added to partition via HMC LUNs on VIOS accessed as vSCSI disk VIOS must be active for client to boot
FC Adapter
DS8000
FC Adapters
VIOS EMC
VIOS owns physical disk resources LVM based storage on VIO Server Physical Storage can be SCSI or FC Local or remote
SAN
DS8000
EMC
27
VIOS : VSCSI IO tuning

MPIO sddpcm
AIX
AIX MPIO hdisk qdepth vscsi0
pHyp
vhost0 hdisk qdepth
VIOS
queue fcs0
# lsdev Cc disk
hdisk0 Available Virtual SCSI Disk Drive
Storage driver cannot be installed on the lpar Default qdepth=3 !!! Bad performance # chdev l hdisk0 a queue_depth=20 + monitor svctime/wait time with nmon to adjust queue depth * You have to set same queue_depth for the source hdisk on the VIOS
HA: (dual vios conf.) change vscsi_err_recov to fast_fail # chdev l vscsi0 a vscsi_err_recov=fast_fail Performance: No perf tuning can be made; We just know that each vscsi can handle 512 cmd_elems. (2 are reserved for the adapter and 3 reserved for each vdisk) So, use the following formula to find the number of disk you can attache behind a vscsi adapter. Nb_luns= ( 512 2 ) / ( Q + 3 ) With Q=qdepth of each disk If more disks are needed => add2011 Copyright IBM Corporation vscsi
Install Storage Subsystem Driver on the VIO
Monitor VIO FC activity with nmon (interactive: press a or ^) (reccord with -^ option) Adapt num_cmd_elems accordingly with sum of qdepth. check with: # fcstat fcsX HA: Change the following parameters: # chdev l fscsi0 a fc_err_recov=fast_fai l # chdev l fscsi0 a dyntrk=yes
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NPIV Simplifies SAN Management

N-Port ID Virtualization
LPARs own virtual FC adapters LPARs have direct visibility on SAN (Zoning/Masking) Virtual adapter can be assigned to multiple operating systems sharing the physical adapter Tape Library Support
POWER6 or Later Disks
AIX DS8000 Virtual FC EMC
Shared FC Adapter
VIOS
FC Adapters
VIOS owns physical FC adapters VIOS virtualizes FC to clients partitions VIOS Fiber Channel adapter supports Multiple World Wide Port Names / Source Identifiers Physical adapter appears as multiple virtual adapters to SAN / end-point device VIOS must be active for client to boot
SAN
DS8000
EMC
29
NPIV Simplifies SAN Management

Virtual SCSI model

POWER5 or POWER6 Virtualized disks Disks
N-Port ID Virtualization
POWER6 or Later
AIX generic scsi disk generic scsi disk
AIX DS8000 Virtual FC EMC
FC Adapter
Virtual SCSI
Shared FC Adapter
VIOS
FC Adapters
VIOS
FC Adapters
SAN
SAN
DS8000
EMC
DS8000
EMC
30
VIOS: NPIV IO tuning

MPIO sddpcm
AIX
wwpn
pHyp
vfchost0
VIOS
queue fcs0
hdisk
qdepth
queue fcs0
# lsdev Cc disk hdisk0 Available MPIO FC 2145 Storage driver must be installed on the lpar Default qdepth is set by the drivers Monitor svctime / wait time with nmon or iostat to tune the queue depth
HA: (dual vios conf.) Change the following parameters: # chdev l fscsi0 a fc_err_recov=fast_fail # chdev l fscsi0 a dyntrk=yes Performance: Monitor fc activity with nmon (interactive: option a or ^) (reccording : option -^) Adapt num_cmd_elems Check fcstat fcsX
Performance: Monitor fc activity with nmon (interactive: option ^ only) (reccording : option -^) Adapt num_cmd_elems Check fcstat fcsX Should be = Sum of vfcs num_cmd_elems connected to the backend device
31
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

32
IO : Filesystems Mount Options (DIO, CIO)

Writes with a normal file system

FS Cache
Writes with Direct IO (DIO)
Writes with Concurrent IO (CIO)

Database Buffer OS File System
33
IO : Filesystems Mount Options (DIO, CIO)

If Oracle data are stored in a Filesystem, some mount option can improve performance :
Direct IO (DIO) introduced in AIX 4.3. Data is transfered directly from the disk to the
application buffer, bypassing the file buffer cache hence avoiding double caching (filesystem cache + Oracle SGA). Emulates a raw-device implementation. To mount a filesystem in DIO $ mount o dio /data
Concurrent IO (CIO) introduced with jfs2 in AIX 5.2 ML1

Implicit use of DIO. No Inode locking : Multiple threads can perform reads and writes on the same file at the same time. Performance achieved using CIO is comparable to raw-devices. To mount a filesystem in CIO: $ mount o cio /data
Bench throughput over run duration higher tps indicates better performance.
34
IO : Benefits of CIO for Oracle

Benefits :
1. 2. 3. Avoid double caching : Some data are already cache in the Application layer (SGA) Give a faster access to the backend disk and reduce the CPU utilization Disable the inode-lock to allow several threads to read and write the same file (CIO only)
Restrictions :
1. Because data transfer is bypassing AIX buffer cache, jfs2 prefetching and write-behind cant be used. These functionnalities can be handled by Oracle. (Oracle parameter) db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8, 16, 32, ... , 128 according to workload 2. When using DIO/CIO, IO requests made by Oracle must by aligned with the jfs2 blocksize to avoid a demoted IO (Return to normal IO after a Direct IO Failure) => When you create a JFS2, use the mkfs o agblksize=XXX Option to adapt the FS blocksize with the application needs. Rule : IO request = n x agblksize Exemples: if DB blocksize > 4k ; then jfs2 agblksize=4096 Redolog are always written in 512B block; So jfs2 agblksize must be 512
35
IO : Direct IO demoted Step 1

AIX Virt. Memory
Application
512
CIO CIO write failed because IO is not aligned with FS blksize
4096
AIX jfs2 Filesystem
36

AIX Virt. Memory
Application
512
Aix kernel read 1 FSblock from the disk
4096
AIX jfs2 Filesystem
37

AIX Virt. Memory

4096
Application
512
Application write 512B block in the memory
AIX jfs2 Filesystem
38

Because of the CIO access,the 4k page is remove from memory
AIX Virt. Memory

4096
Application
Aix kernel write the 4k page to the disk
To Conclued : demoted io will consume : - more CPU time (kernel) - more physical IO : 1 io write = 1 phys io read + 1 phys io write
AIX jfs2 Filesystem
39
IO : Direct IO demoted
Extract from Oracle AWR (test made in Montpellier with Oracle 10g) Waits on redolog (with demoted IO, FS blk=4k) Waits% Time -outs Total Wait Time (s) 2,229,324 0.00 62,628 Avg wait (ms) 28 Waits /txn 1.53
log file sync
Waits on redolog (without demoted IO, FS blk=512) Waits% 494,905 Time -outs Total Wait Time (s) 0.00 1,073 Avg wait (ms) 2 Waits /txn 1.00
log file sync
How to detect demoted IO : Trace command to check demoted io : # trace aj 59B,59C ; sleep 2 ; trcstop ; trcrpt o directio.trcrpt # grep i demoted directio.trcrpt
40
FS mount options advices

With standard mount options mount o rw
With Optimized mount options mount o noatime

Cached by AIX (fscache) noatime reduce inode modification on read
Oracle binaries
Cached by AIX (fscache)
mount o rw
mount o noatime,cio
Cached by Oracle (SGA)
Oracle Datafile
Cached by AIX (fscache) Cached by Oracle (SGA)
mount o rw
mount o noatime,cio jfs2 agblksize=512 (to avoid io

demotion)
Oracle Redolog
Cached by AIX (fscache) Cached by Oracle (SGA)
Cached by Oracle (SGA)
Oracle Archivelog Oracle Control files
mount o rw
mount o noatime,rbrw
Use jfs2 cache, but memory is released after read/write.
mount o rw
mount o noatime
41
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

42
IO : Asynchronous IO (AIO)
Allows multiple requests to be sent without to have to wait until the disk subsystem has completed the physical IO. Utilization of asynchronous IO is strongly advised whatever the type of file-system and mount option implemented (JFS, JFS2, CIO, DIO).
Application
2
aio Q
aioservers
Disk
Posix vs Legacy Since AIX5L V5.3, two types of AIO are now available : Legacy and Posix. For the moment, the Oracle code is using the Legacy AIO servers.
43
IO : Asynchronous IO (AIO) tuning

important tuning parameters :

check AIO configuration with : AIX 5.X : lsattr El aio0 AIX 6.1 & 7.1 : ioo L | grep aio
maxreqs : size of the Asynchronous queue.

minserver : number of kernel proc. Aioservers to start (AIX 5L system wide). maxserver : maximum number of aioserver that can be running per logical CPU Rule of thumb : maxservers should be = (10 * <# of disk accessed concurrently>) / # cpu maxreqs (= a multiple of 4096) should be > 4 * #disks * queue_depth but only tests allow to set correctly minservers and maxservers Monitoring : In Oracles alert.log file, if maxservers set to low : Warning: lio_listio returned EAGAIN Performance degradation may be seen #aio servers used can be monitored via ps k | grep aio | wc l , iostat A or nmon (option A)
44
IO : Asynchronous IO (AIO) fastpath

With fsfastpath, IO are queued directly from the application into the LVM layer without any aioservers kproc operation. Better performance compare to non-fastpath No need to tune the min and max aioservers No aioservers proc. => ps k | grep aio | wc l is not relevent, use iostat A instead
Application
2
AIX Kernel
Disk
ASM :
enable asynchronous IO fastpath. : AIX 5L : chdev -a fastpath=enable -l aio0 (default since AIX 5.3) AIX 6.1 : ioo p o aio_fastpath=1 (default setting) AIX 7.1 : ioo p o aio_fastpath=1 (default setting + restricted tunable)
FS with CIO/DIO and AIX 5.3 TL5+ :

Activate fsfastpath (comparable to fast_path but for FS + CIO) AIX 5L : adding the following line in /etc/inittab: aioo:2:once:aioo o fsfast_path=1 AIX 6.1 : ioo p o aio_fsfastpath=1 (default setting) AIX 7.1 : ioo p o aio_fsfastpath=1 (default setting + restricted tunable)
45
IO : AIO,DIO/CIO & Oracle Parameters

How to set filesystemio_options parameter Possible values ASYNCH : enables asynchronous I/O on file system files (default) DIRECTIO : enables direct I/O on file system files (disables AIO) SETALL : enables both asynchronous and direct I/O on file system files NONE : disables both asynchronous and direct I/O on file system files Since version 10g, Oracle will open data files located on the JFS2 file system with the O_CIO (O_CIO_R with Oracle 11.2.0.2 and AIX 6.1 or Later) option if the filesystemio_options initialization parameter is set to either directIO or setall. Advice : set this parameter to ASYNCH, and let the system managed CIO via mount option (see CIO/DIO implementation advices)
If needed, you can still re-mount an already mounted filesystem to another mount point to have it accessed with different mounting options. Example, your oracle datafiles are on a CIO mounted filesystem, you want to copy them for a cold backup and would prefer to access them with filesystem cache to backup them faster. Then just re-mount this filesystem to another mount point in rw mode only.
Note : set the disk_asynch_io parameter to true as well

46
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

47
NUMA architecture
NUMA stands for Non Uniform Memory Access. It is a computer memory design used in multiprocessors, where the memory access time depends on the memory location relative to a processor. Under NUMA, a processor can access its own local memory faster than non-local memory, that is, memory local to another processor or memory shared between processors.
local
ne ar
far
48
Oracle NUMA feature

Oracle DB NUMA support have been introduced since 1998 on the first NUMA systems. It provides a memory/processes models relying on specific OS features to better perform on this kind of architecture. On AIX, the NUMA support code has been ported, default is off in Oracle 11g. _enable_NUMA_support=true is required to enable NUMA features. When NUMA enabled Oracle checks for AIX rset named ${ORACLE_SID}/0 at startup. For now, it is assumed that it will use rsets ${ORACLE_SID}/0, ${ORACLE_SID}/1, ${ORACLE_SID}/2, etc if they exist.
49
Preparing a system for Oracle NUMA Optimization

The test is done on a POWER7 machine with the following CPU and memory distribution (dedicated LPAR). It has 4 domains with 8 CPU and >27GB each. If the lssrad output shows unevenly distributed domains, fix the problem before proceeding.
Listing SRAD (Affinity Domain)
# lssrad -va REF1 SRAD 0 0 1 1 2 3 MEM 27932.94 31285.00 29701.00 29701.00 CPU 0-31 32-63 64-95 96-127 SA/1 SA/3 SA/0 SA/2
We will set up 4 rsets, namely SA/0, SA/1, SA/2, and SA/3, one for each domain.
# # # # mkrset mkrset mkrset mkrset -c -c -c -c 0-31 -m 0 SA/0 32-63 -m 0 SA/1 64-95 -m 0 SA/2 96-127 -m 0 SA/3
Required Oracle User Capabilities

# lsuser -a capabilities oracle oracle capabilities=CAP_NUMA_ATTACH,CAP_BYPASS_RAC_VMM,CAP_PROPAGATE
Before starting the DB, lets set vmo options to cause process private memory to be local.
# vmo -o memplace_data=1 -o memplace_stack=1
50
Oracle shared segments differences

The following messages are found in the alert log. It finds the 4 rsets and treats them as NUMA domains.
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0 SYS auditing is disabled NUMA system found and support enabled (4 domains - 32,32,32,32) Starting up Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
The shared memory segments. There are total of 7, one of which owned by ASM. The SA instance has 6 shared memory segments instead of 1.
# ipcs -ma|grep oracle

m 2097156 0x8c524c30 --rw-rw---- oracle m 159383709 0x3b5a2ebc --rw-rw---- oracle dba oracle dba oracle
Without NUMA optimization dba 31 285220864 13369718 23987126 23:15:57 23:15:57 12:41:22 dba 59 54089760768 17105120 23331318 23:16:13 23:16:13 23:15:45
# ipcs -ma|grep oracle

m 2097156 0x8c524c30 --rw-rw---- oracle dba oracle dba m 702545926 00000000 --rw-rw---- oracle dba oracle dba m 549453831 00000000 --rw-rw---- oracle dba oracle dba m 365953095 0x3b5a2ebc --rw-rw---- oracle dba oracle dba m 1055916188 00000000 --rw-rw---- oracle dba oracle dba m 161480861 00000000 --rw-rw---- oracle dba oracle dba m 333447326 00000000 --rw-rw---- oracle dba oracle dba
With NUMA optimization 29 285220864 13369718 7405688 23:27:32 23:32:38 12:41:22 59 2952790016 23987134 23920648 23:32:42 23:32:42 23:27:21 59 2952790016 23987134 23920648 23:32:42 23:32:42 23:27:21 59 20480 23987134 23920648 23:32:42 23:32:42 23:27:21 59 3087007744 23987134 23920648 23:32:42 23:32:42 23:27:21 59 42144366592 23987134 23920648 23:32:42 23:32:42 23:27:21 59 2952790016 23987134 23920648 23:32:42 23:32:42 23:27:21
51
Standard Oracle Memory Structures

Server process 1
PGA
Server process 2
PGA
Background process
PGA
SGA shm Shared pool Streams pool Large pool
Java pool
Database buffer cache
Redo log buffer
53
NUMA Oracle Memory Structures

Server process 1
PGA Background process
PGA
Server process 2
PGA
PGA
Background process
Background process
PGA
Background process
PGA
Database buffer cache + Numa pool
Database buffer cache + Numa pool Redo log buffer
Stripped - Large pool + Shared pool + Streams pool + Java pool
SRAD0
SRAD1
SRAD2
SRAD3
54
Affinitizing User Connections

If Oracle shadow processes are allowed to migrate across domains, the benefit of NUMA-enabling Oracle will be lost. Therefore, arrangements need to be made to affinitize the user connections. For network connections, multiple listeners can be arranged with each listener affinitized to a different domain. The Oracle shadow processes are children of the individual listeners and inherit the affinity from the listener. For local connections, the client process can be affinitized to the desired domain/rset. These connections do not go through any listener, and the shadows are children of the individual clients and inherit the affinity from the client.
55
Affinitizing User Connections

Users Group 1 Users Group 2 Users Group 3 Users Group 4
Listener 1
Listener 2
Listener 3
Listener 4
Database buffer cache + numa pool Redo log buffer
Stripped - Large pool + Shared pool + Streams pool + Java pool
SRAD0
SRAD1
SRAD2
SRAD3
56
A Simple Performance Test

Four Oracle users each having its own schema and tables are defined. The 4 schemas are identical except the name. Each user connection performs some query using random numbers as keys and repeats the operation until the end of the test. The DB cache is big enough to hold the entirety of all the 4 schemas. therefore, it is an in-memory test. All test cases are the same, except domain-attachment control. Each test runs a total of 256 connections, 64 of each oracle user.
58
Relative Performance
Case 0 NUMA config Connection affinity Relative performance No No 100%
Case 1 Yes RoundRobin* 112%
Case 2 Yes Partitioned** 144%
* RoundRobin = 16 connections of each oracle user run in the each domain; ** Partitioned = 64 connections of 1 oracle user run in each domain.
the relative performance shown applies only to this individual test, and can vary widely with different workloads. Copyright IBM Corporation 2011
59
Agenda
CPU
Power 7
Memory
IO

60
In-Memory Parallel Execution

When using parallelism, we recommend using In-Memory Parallel Execution.
In Memory Parallel Execution uses a subpart of SGA
61
In-Memory Parallel Execution

Oracle Configuration Version 11gR2 parallel_degree_policy = auto in spfile optimizer_feature_enable at the exact version number of Oracle Engine Calibrate IO through DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CALIBRATE_IO when there is no activity on the database. Update Statistics
Other Oracle configuration parallel_mintime_threshold (default 30s) Parallel_min_servers Parallel_max_servers Parallel_degree_limit (default cpu)
62
In-Memory Parallel Execution and NUMA

Some benchmarks showed performance improvement with In-Memory PX when deactivating NUMA, up to x5 for some queries Hypothesis (still under investigation)
In-Memory PX uses a subpart of SGA which cannot be split and then is in only one rset. Either loose time when CPU and RAM are not aligned Or loose time when IMPX memory is moved from one rset to the other one
rset1 CPU RAM IMPX
rset1 CPU RAM
63
Various Findings
Slow DLPAR and SMTCTL operations when DB Console is running

Example without DB console :
Add 1 core : 3.4s Remove 1 core : 2.3s Add 1 core : 2min 15.8s Remove 1 core : 2min 15.1s
Elapsed time with DB console running
Slow access to time operations (such as sysdate) in Oracle when using Olson TZ on AIX 6.1
Workaround is to set TZ using POSIX values Example
Olson: TZ=Europe/Berlin POSIX: TZ=MET-1MST-2,M3.5.0/02:00,M10.5.0/03:00
Database performance progressively degrades over time until the instance is restarted.
Issue is exposed by a change in Rdbms 11.2.0.3 Triggered by large number of connections + Terabyte segments Fixed in AIX 7.1 TL1 SP5 Workaround for ealier versions : disable Terabyte segment
vmo -r -o shm_1tb_unsh_enable=0 + reboot
64
Session Evaluations
PE129
Win prizes by submitting evaluations online. The more evalutions submitted, the greater chance of winning
65
Power Benchmark & Proof of Concept

Our customer benchmark center is the place to validate the proposed IBM solution in a simulated production environment or to focus on specific IBM Power / AIX Technologies Standard benchmarks
Dedicated Infrastructure Dedicated technical support
Light Benchmarks
Mutualized infrastructure Second level support
Proof of Technology workshops

On-demand education sessions
IBM Montpellier Products and Solutions Support Center

Request a benchmark :
http://d27db001.rchland.ibm.com/b_dir/bcdcweb.nsf/request?OpenForm#new
Questions ?
[email protected] [email protected]
67
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AIX Tuning For Oracle DB PDF

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2011

Oracle DB and AIX Best Pratices for Performance & tuning

NUMA Optimization Other Tips

NUMA Optimization Other Tips

Each Power7 socket =

Each Power7 Chip = 8 x Power7 4Ghz Cores

Each Power7 Core = 4 HW SMT threads

lcpu lcpu lcpu lcpu

Power7 specific tuning

# dscrctl n b s 0 (to reset HW prefetching to default value)

Use Terabyte Segment aliasing Enabled by default on AIX 7.1

Use Large Pages (16MB memory pages)

Power7 Automatic System Optimization

ASO Active System Optimizer

Monitor processes activity Automatic tuning of

DSO Dynamic System Optimizer

NUMA Optimization Other Tips

Virtual Memory Management

ACTION 1 - System Startup 2 - DB Activity

3 - => Paging Activity MEMORY PAGING SPACE Performance degradation

SGA + PGA Programs Kernel SGA + PGA

Copyright IBM Corporation 2011

AIX + free AIX + free

Real memory = 15 GB Real memory = 12 GB Memory_target = 11 GB

Step 1 - Increase physical memory allocated to the LPAR to 15 GB

Step 2 - Increase SGA+PGA allocated to the instance of the database to 11GB

NUMA Optimization Other Tips

Power 7 : AME example

AME test on Oracle DB eBS Batch. SGA Size = 112GB

Mem Size: 60GB Test 1 200% Expansion (2.0)

AME Factor: 2.00

Test 2 300% Expansion (3.00)

Mem Size: 40GB

AME Factor: 3.00

Copyright IBM Corporation 2011

Power 7 : AME example 1 (test results)

eBS DB with 24 cores and SGA Size=112GB

Physical Memory 120 GB 60 GB 40 GB

AME Factor none 2.0 3.0

BATCH Duration 124 min 127 min 134 min

NUMA Optimization Other Tips

Copyright IBM Corporation 2011

IO : RAID Policy with ESS, DS6/8K

RAID-5 Excellent Excellent Excellent Fair

RAID-10 Excellent Good Excellent Excellent

LUN 1 LUN 2 LUN 3 LUN 4

Copyright IBM Corporation 2011

NUMA Optimization Other Tips

IO : 2nd Striping (LVM)

LV (raw or with jfs2)

hdisk1 hdisk2 hdisk3 hdisk4

LUN 1 LUN 2 LUN 3 LUN 4

Copyright IBM Corporation 2011

NUMA Optimization Other Tips

IO : Disk Subsystem Advices

Generic device definition bad performance

IO : AIX IO tuning (1) LVM Physical buffers (pbuf)

Volume Group (LVM)

LV (raw or with jfs2)