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    Tanks Edge Settlement

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    alinor_tn
    The API standard for allowable edge settlement of storage tank bottoms was originally very conservative, allowing settlement up to 0.37 times the radius of the settled area. Early experience and analysis by oil companies found that tanks could typically settle more before risk of failure. The standard was revised in the 1990s based on finite element modeling and shared industry practices, allowing settlements around 2 to 4 times the original limit. The current standard provides curves relating the maximum allowed settlement to tank diameter. Settlements greater than 75% of the limit require non-destructive examination, and rigorous stress analysis may be used to justify settlements exceeding recommended limits.

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    Tanks Edge Settlement

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    alinor_tn
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    The API standard for allowable edge settlement of storage tank bottoms was originally very conservative, allowing settlement up to 0.37 times the radius of the settled area. Early experience and analysis by oil companies found that tanks could typically settle more before risk of failure. The standard was revised in the 1990s based on finite element modeling and shared industry practices, allowing settlements around 2 to 4 times the original limit. The current standard provides curves relating the maximum allowed settlement to tank diameter. Settlements greater than 75% of the limit require non-destructive examination, and rigorous stress analysis may be used to justify settlements exceeding recommended limits.

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    API Standard 653 Appendix B Presented by: Steven L. Braune, PE Tank Industry Consultants

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    The API standard for allowable edge settlement of storage tank bottoms was originally very conservative, allowing settlement up to 0.37 times the radius of the settled area. Early experience and analysis by oil companies found that tanks could typically settle more before risk of failure. The standard was revised in the 1990s based on finite element modeling and shared industry practices, allowing settlements around 2 to 4 times the original limit. The current standard provides curves relating the maximum allowed settlement to tank diameter. Settlements greater than 75% of the limit require non-destructive examination, and rigorous stress analysis may be used to justify settlements exceeding recommended limits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views19 pages

    Tanks Edge Settlement

    Uploaded by

    alinor_tn
    The API standard for allowable edge settlement of storage tank bottoms was originally very conservative, allowing settlement up to 0.37 times the radius of the settled area. Early experience and analysis by oil companies found that tanks could typically settle more before risk of failure. The standard was revised in the 1990s based on finite element modeling and shared industry practices, allowing settlements around 2 to 4 times the original limit. The current standard provides curves relating the maximum allowed settlement to tank diameter. Settlements greater than 75% of the limit require non-destructive examination, and rigorous stress analysis may be used to justify settlements exceeding recommended limits.

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    Edge Settlement of Storage Tank Bottoms

    API Standard 653 Appendix B


    Presented by: Steven L. Braune, PE Tank Industry Consultants

    API-653, First Edition


    The allowable edge settlement limit

    B = 0.37R
    Very conservative Based on several published articles A recommendation only

    B R

    B = 0.37R

    Early Experience
    Observed edge settlement typically exceeded API recommendations API-653 permitted a more detailed evaluation Many oil companies developed methods

    Early In-House Practice (Experience-Based)


    B = 2.0(R) B = 1.6(R)

    B = 0.37(R)

    Another Approach (Elastic-Plastic Beam Model)


    B = 0.45(R2)

    B = 0.37(R)

    Tank Settlement Revision Task Group mid-1990s


    Initial recommendations revised Several API-member companies shared in-house practices Current recommendations are about 2 to 4 times greater than original limit

    Finite Element Models


    Two oil companies had extensive experience using FEA for edge settlement evaluations Analysis procedures and evaluation criteria differed similar in principle Formed basis for API Task Group work

    Appendix B Revisions Settlement Curves


    Settlement curves varied by diameter Accepts two inches of settlement Additional NDE required for edge settlements > 75% of allowable Limits based on fillet weld strength

    Figure B-10 for Bew


    Bew Maximum Allowable Settlement (inches) R Radius of Settled Area (feet) Figure B-10 Lap Welds Approximately Parallel to Shell

    Figure B-11 for Be


    Be Maximum Allowable Settlement (inches) R Radius of Settled Area (feet) Figure B-11 Lap Welds Approx. Perpendicular to Shell

    Figure B-10 for Bew

    Bew=3.8 in.

    120 ft Diameter Tank

    R = 3 feet

    Figure B-11 for Be


    120 ft Diameter Tank

    Be=4.7 in.

    R = 3 feet

    Bottom Weld Orientation


    Edge settlement, B limited to

    B = Be (Be Bew)sin
    Bew= Allowable for weld parallel to shell Be= Allowable for weld perpendicular to shell Weld angle relative to radial line

    A Rigorous Stress Analysis


    If actual settlements exceed recommended limits Repair the tank Perform a rigorous stress analysis

    A Recent Result
    A rigorous stress analysis was performed on a tank with edge settlements of near 90% of limit Client wanted to know if tank should be repaired now or could they monitor settlement for a few more years

    Finite Element Analysis Results


    Current Settlement Profile Tank Shell

    90% of API limit Projected Settlement Profiles 150% of API limit

    QUESTIONS?
    Steven L. Braune, PE Tank Industry Consultants www.TankIndustry.com 804.897-7176

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