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    NetworkPerformance (Compatibility Mode) PDF

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    This document discusses measurement tools and techniques for analyzing network performance. It covers both active and passive measurement tools for collecting data on metrics like latency, throughput, and loss. Analysis of collected data uses statistical methods like averaging, distributions, and queuing models to understand system behavior. Workload generation is also important to enable representative testing. Simulation and queuing models can then be used to evaluate new techniques and systems.

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    NetworkPerformance (Compatibility Mode) PDF

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    This document discusses measurement tools and techniques for analyzing network performance. It covers both active and passive measurement tools for collecting data on metrics like latency, throughput, and loss. Analysis of collected data uses statistical methods like averaging, distributions, and queuing models to understand system behavior. Workload generation is also important to enable representative testing. Simulation and queuing models can then be used to evaluate new techniques and systems.

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    This document discusses measurement tools and techniques for analyzing network performance. It covers both active and passive measurement tools for collecting data on metrics like latency, throughput, and loss. Analysis of collected data uses statistical methods like averaging, distributions, and queuing models to understand system behavior. Workload generation is also important to enable representative testing. Simulation and queuing models can then be used to evaluate new techniques and systems.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views17 pages

    NetworkPerformance (Compatibility Mode) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Cholavendhan
    This document discusses measurement tools and techniques for analyzing network performance. It covers both active and passive measurement tools for collecting data on metrics like latency, throughput, and loss. Analysis of collected data uses statistical methods like averaging, distributions, and queuing models to understand system behavior. Workload generation is also important to enable representative testing. Simulation and queuing models can then be used to evaluate new techniques and systems.

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    of 17

    Network Performance Measurement and Analysis

    Outline Measurement Tools and Techniques Workload generation Analysis Basic statistics Queuing models Simulation

    CS 640

    Measurement and Analysis Overview


    Size, complexity and diversity of the Internet makes it very difficult to understand cause-effect relationships Measurement is necessary for understanding current system behavior and how new systems will behave
    How, when, where, what do we measure?

    Measurement is meaningless without careful analysis


    Analysis of data gathered from networks is quite different from work done in other disciplines

    Measurement/analysis enables models to be built which can be used to effectively develop and evaluate new techniques
    Statistical models Queuing models Simulation models
    CS 640 2

    Determining What to Measure


    Before any measurements can take place one must determine what to measure There are many commonly used network performance characteristics
    Latency Throughput Response time Arrival rate Utilization Bandwidth Loss Routing Reliability
    CS 640 3

    Measurement Introduction
    Internet measurement is done to either analyze/characterize network phenomena or to test new tools, protocols, systems, etc. Measuring Internet performance is easier said than done
    What does performance mean? Workload (what and where youre measuring) selection is critical
    Reproducibility is often essential

    Many tools have been developed to measure/monitor general characteristics of network performance
    traceroute and ping are two of the most popular
    These are examples of active measurement tools

    Passive tools are the other major category

    Representative and reproducible workload generation will be a focus


    CS 640 4

    Active Measurement Tools


    Send probe packet(s) into the network and measure a response
    Ping: RTT and loss
    Zing: one way Poisson probes

    Traceroute: path and RTT Nettimer (Lai): latest bottleneck bandwidth using packet pair method

    Tn+1 - Tn = max(S/BW, T1 T0) Size/BW T1 T0 Tn+1 Tn

    Pathchar: per-hop bandwidth, latency, loss measurement


    Pchar, clink: open-source reimplementation of pathchar

    Problem: measurement timescales vary widely


    CS 640 5

    Passive Measurement Tools


    Passive tools: Capture data as it passes by
    Logging at application level Packet capture applications (tcpdump) uses packet capture filter (bpf,libpcap)
    Requires access to the wire Can have many problems (adds, deletes, reordering)

    Flow-based measurement tools SNMP tools Routing looking glass sites

    Problems
    LOTS of data! Privacy issues Getting packet scoped in backbone of the network

    CS 640

    Workload Generation
    Local and/or wide area experiments often require representative and reproducible workloads How do we select a workload?
    Currently HTTP makes up the majority of Internet traffic

    Trace-based workloads
    Capture traces and replay them Black-box method

    Synthetic workloads
    Abstraction of actual operation May not capture all aspects of workload

    Analytic workloads
    Attempt to model workload precisely Very difficult
    CS 640 7

    SURGE Web Workload Generator


    Scalable URl Generator
    Analytic workload generator Based on 12 empirically derived distributions of Web browsing behaviror Explicit, parameterized models Captures heavy-tailed (highly variable) properties of Web workloads Widely used SURGE components: Statistical distribution generator Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request generator
    CS 640 8

    Workload characteristics captured in SURGE


    BF EF1 EF2 Off time SF Off time BF EF1

    Characteristic Component
    Base file - body Base file - tail Embedded file Single file1 Single file 2 Request Size Body Tail Document Popularity Temporal Locality OFF Times Embedded References Session Lengths File Size

    Model

    System Impact
    * * * * * * *

    Lognormal File System Pareto Lognormal Lognormal Lognormal Lognormal Network Pareto Zipf Caches, buffers Lognormal Caches, buffers Pareto Pareto ON Times Inverse Gaussian Connection times
    CS 640

    * *

    SURGE Architecture
    SURGE Client System

    ON/OFF Thread ON/OFF Thread ON/OFF Thread SURGE Client System LAN Web Server System

    SURGE Client System

    CS 640

    10

    SURGE and SPECWeb96 exercise servers very differently


    40 Percent CPU Utilization 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 0 200 400
    CS 640

    Surge

    SPECWeb96
    SPECWeb96

    SURGE

    600
    11

    Packets per Second

    Analyzing Measured Data


    Analyzing measured data in networks is typically done using statistical methods
    Selecting appropriate analysis method(s) is critical
    Averaging Dispersion (variability) Correlations Regression analysis Distributional analysis Frequency analysis Principal-component analysis Cluster analysis

    Each form of analysis has strengths and weaknesses


    CS 640 12

    Self-Similar Nature of Network Traffric


    W. Leland, M. Taqqu, W. Willinger, D. Wilson, On the Self-Similar Nature of Ethernet Traffic, IEEE/ACM TON, 1994.
    Baker Award winner

    V. Paxson, S. Floyd, Wide-Area Traffic: The Failure of Poisson Modeling, IEEE/ACM TON, 1995. M. Crovella, A. Bestavros, Self-Similarity in World Wide Web Traffic: Evidence and Possible Causes, IEEE/ACM TON, 1997.

    CS 640

    13

    Queuing Models
    One of the key modeling techniques for computer systems in general
    Vast literature on queuing theory Nicely suited for network analysis Prof. Mary Vernon is our local expert

    Generally, queuing systems deal with a situation where jobs (of which there are many) wait in line for a resource (of which there are few)
    Queuing theory can enable us to determine response time Examples?
    CS 640 14

    Queuing Models contd.


    Example: packets arriving at a router how can we determine how long it takes for packets to be forwarded by the router? Characteristics necessary to specify a queuing system
    Arrival process Service time distribution Number of servers System capacity (number of buffers) Population size Service discipline Kendal notation: A/S/m/B/K/SD

    Response time = waiting time + service time For stability, mean arrival rate must be less than mean service rate
    CS 640 15

    Littles Law
    One of the most basic theorems in queuing theory (1961)
    Mean number jobs in system = arrival rate * mean response time Treats a system as a black box Applies whenever number of jobs entering the system equals number of jobs leaving the system
    No jobs created or lost inside system

    Can be extended to include systems with finite buffers

    Example: Average forwarding time in a router is 100 microseconds, I/O rate for packets is 100k. What is the mean number of packets buffered in the router?
    CS 640 16

    Simulation Models
    Simulation is one of the most common/important methods of analysis/modeling
    Typically an abstraction of the system under consideration Can provide significant insight to systems behavior

    Network simulation is difficult because of the different layers of operation and the complexity at each layer Simulation options: build your own, use someone elses Canonical network simulator is ns developed at LBL
    www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns ssf-net is a new, routing-enabled simulator

    CS 640

    17

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