Beam Unrestrained

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam
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This example gives the details for the verification of a simple non-composite beam under a uniform loading. The beam is laterally restrained at the supports only. Scope The example covers an I-section rolled profile beam, bending about the strong axis and restrained laterally at the supports only. The example includes : the classification of the cross-section, the calculation of bending resistance, including the exact calculation of the elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling, the calculation of shear resistance, the calculation of the deflection at serviceability limit state.
Created on Thursday, September 20, 2012 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
This example does not include any shear buckling verification of the web. Loading The uniformly distributed loading comprises: self-weight of the beam concrete slab imposed load
1 : Lateral restraint
Partial safety factors
G = 1,35 Q = 1,50 M0 = 1,0 M1 = 1,0
(permanent loads) (variable loads)
EN 1990 EN 1993-1-1 6.1 (1)
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Basic data Design a non composite secondary floor beam of a multi-storey building according to the data given below. The beam is assumed to be laterally supported at the ends only.
Span length : Bay width : Slab depth : Partitions : Imposed load : Steel grade :
5,70 m 2,50 m 12 cm 0,75 kN/m2 2,50 kN/m2 S235
Concrete density : 24 kN/m3
Weight of the slab : 0,12 24 kN/m3 = 2,88 kN/m2 Try IPE 330 Steel grade S235 Depth Width Web thickness Flange thickness Fillet Mass h = 330 mm b = 160 mm tw = 7,5 mm tf = 11,5 mm r = 18 mm 49,1 kg/m
z b y tw y h tf z
Euronorm 19-57
Section area
A = 62,6 cm2
Second moment of area /yy Iy = 11770 cm4 Second moment of area /zz Iz = 788,1 cm4 Torsion constant Warping constant Elastic modulus /yy Plastic modulus /yy It = 28,15 cm4 Iw = 199100 cm6 Wel,y = 713,1 cm3 Wpl.y = 804,3 cm3
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Self weight of the beam : (49,1 9,81) 10-3 =0,482 kN/m Permanent load : G = 0,482 + (2,88 + 0,75) 2,50 = 9,56 kN/m Variable load (Imposed load) : Q = 2,5 2,5 = 6,25 kN/m ULS Combination : EN 1990 6.4.3.2
G G + Q Q = 1,35 9,56 + 1,50 6,25 = 22,28 kN/m

Moment diagram
M 90,48 kNm
Maximal moment at mid span : My,Ed = 0,125 22,28 5,702 = 90,48 kNm Shear force diagram
63,50 kN
Maximal shear force at supports : Vz,Ed = 0,5 22,28 5,70 = 63,50 kN Yield strength Steel grade S235 The maximum thickness is 11,5 mm < 40 mm, so : fy = 235 N/mm2 Note : The National Annex may impose either the values of fy from the Table 3.1 or the values from the product standard. EN 1993-1-1 Table 3.1
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Section classification : The parameter is derived from the yield strength : = Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression
235 =1 f y [N/mm2 ]
EN 1993-1-1 Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
c = (b tw 2 r) / 2 = (160 7,5 2 18)/2 = 58,25 mm c/tf = 58,25 / 11,5 = 5,07 9 = 9 Class 1 EN 1993-1-1 Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Internal compression part : web under pure bending
c = h 2 tf 2 r = 330 2 11,5 2 18 = 271 mm c / tw = 271 / 7,5 = 36,1 < 72 = 72 Class 1

The class of the cross-section is the highest class (i.e. the least favourable) between the flange and the web, here : Class 1
So the ULS verifications should be based on the plastic resistance of the cross-section since the Class is 1
Moment resistance
The design resistance for bending of a cross section is given by : Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = Wpl,y fy / M0 = (804,3 235 / 1,0) / 1000 Mc.Rd = 189,01 kNm My,Ed / Mc,Rd = 90,48 / 189,01 = 0,479 < 1 OK
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.5
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Reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling
To determine the design buckling resistance moment of a laterally unrestrained beam, the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling must be determined. The following calculation determines this factor by calculation of the elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling.
Critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
The critical moment may be calculated from the following expression :
2 E I z k I w (k L ) G I t 2 M cr = C1 2 k I + 2 E I + (C2 zg ) C2 zg (k L ) w z z
2 2
See SN003
E is the Young modulus : G is the shear modulus :

E = 210000 N/mm2 G = 80770 N/mm2 L = 5,70 m
L is the span length :
In the expression of Mcr, the following assumption should be considered : k=1 kw = 1 since the compression flange is free to rotate about the weak axis of the cross-section, since there is no device to prevent the warping at the ends of the beam.
zg is the distance from the loading point to the shear centre : zg = h / 2 = +165 mm (zg is positive when the loads act towards the shear centre) The C1 and C2 coefficients depend on the moment diagram. For a uniformly distributed load and for k = 1, we obtain : C1 = 1,127 C2 = 0,454
See SN003
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Therefore :
2 E Iz
(k L )
2 210000 788,1 104

(5700)
2
10 3 = 502,75 kN
C2 zg = 0,454 165 = + 74,91 mm
M cr = 1,127 502,75
199100 80770 281500 100 + + (74,91) 2 74,91.10 3 502750 788,1
Mcr = 113,9 kNm

Non-dimensional slenderness
The non-dimensional slenderness is obtained from :

EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.2 (1)
LT =
Wpl, y f y M cr
804300 235 10- 6 = 1,288 113,9
For rolled profiles, LT,0 = 0,4

Note :
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.3(1)
the value of LT,0 may be given in the National Annex. The recommended value is 0,4.
So
LT = 1,288 > LT,0
Reduction factor
For rolled section, the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling is EN 1993-1-1 calculated by : 6.3.2.3 (1) LT 1.0 1 LT = but 1 2 2 LT 2 LT + LT LT LT where : LT = 0,5 1 + LT LT LT,0 + LT
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LT is the imperfection factor for LTB. When applying the method for rolled
profiles, the LTB curve has to be selected from the table 6.5 : For h/b = 330 / 160 = 2,06 > 2
Curve c (LT = 0,49)
EN 1993-1-1 Table 6.5 Table 6.3
LT,0 = 0,4 and = 0,75

Note :
the values of LT,0 and may be given in the National Annex. The recommended values are 0,4 and 0,75 respectively.
We obtain : and :
LT = 0,5 [1 + 0,49 (1,288 0,4) + 0,75 (1,288)2 ] = 1,340

LT =
1 1,340 + (1,340) 0,75 (1,288) 2
2
= 0,480
Then, we check : LT = 0,480 < 1,0 OK and :
LT = 0,480 < 1 / LT = 0,603 OK

EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.3 (2) EN 1993-1-1 Table 6.6
The influence of the moment distribution on the design buckling resistance moment of the beam is taken into account through the f-factor :
f = 1 0,5 (1 kc )1 2 LT 0,8
where : kc = 0.94 So :
)]
2
but 1
f = 1 0,5 (1 0,94) [1 2 (1,288 0,8)2] = 0,984
We obtain : LT,mod = LT / f = 0,480 / 0,984 = 0,488

Design buckling resistance moment
Mb,Rd = LT,mod Wpl,y fy / M1 Mb,Rd = (0,488 804300 235 / 1,0) 10-6 = 92,24 kNm My,Ed / Mb,Rd = 90,48 / 92,24 = 0,981 < 1 OK
Shear Resistance
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.1
In the absence of torsion, the shear plastic resistance depends on the shear area, which is given by: Av,z = A 2 b tf + (tw + 2 r) tf Av,z = 6260 2 160 11,5 + (7,5 + 2 18) 11,5 = 3080 mm
2
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.6 (3)
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Shear plastic resistance
EN 1993-1-1
Vpl, z, Rd =
o
Av, z ( f y / 3 )
M0
3080 (235 / 3 ) = 417,9 kN 1,0
6.2.6 (2)
Vz,Ed / Vpl,z,Rd = 63,50 / 417,9 = 0,152 < 1 OK

c
Note that the verification to shear buckling is not required when :

d
hw / tw 72 /
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.6 (6)
may be conservatively taken as 1.0

s
hw / tw = (330 2 11,5) / 7,5 = 40,9 < 72 1 / 1,0 = 72

r i
Note :
No M-V interaction has to be considered since the maximum moment is obtained at mid-span and the maximum shear force is obtained at supports. Generally for combined bending and shear see EN1993-1-1 6.2.8.
h l
Serviceability Limit State verification SLS Combination
EN 1990 6.5.3
T a
G + Q = 9,56 + 6,25 = 15,81 kN/m

i
Deflection due to G+Q :

w=
o e
5 (G + Q ) L4 5 15,81 (5700) 4 = = 8,8 mm 384 E I y 384 210000 11770 10 4
n r
The deflection under (G+Q) is L/648 OK

Note :
the limits of deflection should be specified by the client. The EN 1993-1-1 National Annex may specify some limits. Here the result may be 7.2.1 considered as fully satisfactory. EN 1993-1-1 7.2.3
d a
Note 2 : concerning the vibration, the National Annex may specify limits concerning the frequency. Here the total deflection is so low that there is no problem of vibration.
C T
r h
e i
a s
e m
Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam SX001a-EN-EU.doc
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by the following STEEL Partners: 1. UK 2. France 3. Sweden
Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam
Company CTICM CTICM SCI
Date
Alain Bureau Yvan Gala D C Iles
2/3/05
G W Owens A Bureau A Olsson C Mueller J Chica G W Owens
SCI CTICM SBI RWTH Labein SCI
1/3/05 1/3/05 1/3/05 1/3/05 1/3/05 21/05/06
4. Germany 5. Spain Resource approved by Technical Coordinator TRANSLATED DOCUMENT This Translation made and checked by: Translated resource approved by:

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Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Document Ref: Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

EN 1993-1-1 Alain Bureau Yvan Gala

Dec 2004 Dec 2004

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Partial safety factors

G = 1,35 Q = 1,50 M0 = 1,0 M1 = 1,0

(permanent loads) (variable loads)

EN 1990 EN 1993-1-1 6.1 (1)

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Document Ref: Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

EN 1993-1-1 Alain Bureau Yvan Gala

Dec 2004 Dec 2004

5,70 m 2,50 m 12 cm 0,75 kN/m2 2,50 kN/m2 S235

Concrete density : 24 kN/m3

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Document Ref: Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

EN 1993-1-1 Alain Bureau Yvan Gala

Dec 2004 Dec 2004

G G + Q Q = 1,35 9,56 + 1,50 6,25 = 22,28 kN/m

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Document Ref: Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

EN 1993-1-1 Alain Bureau Yvan Gala

Dec 2004 Dec 2004

EN 1993-1-1 Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)

Internal compression part : web under pure bending

c = h 2 tf 2 r = 330 2 11,5 2 18 = 271 mm c / tw = 271 / 7,5 = 36,1 < 72 = 72 Class 1

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Document Ref: Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

EN 1993-1-1 Alain Bureau Yvan Gala

Dec 2004 Dec 2004

Reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling

The critical moment may be calculated from the following expression :

E is the Young modulus : G is the shear modulus :

E = 210000 N/mm2 G = 80770 N/mm2 L = 5,70 m

L is the span length :

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Document Ref: Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

EN 1993-1-1 Alain Bureau Yvan Gala

Dec 2004 Dec 2004

2 210000 788,1 104

C2 zg = 0,454 165 = + 74,91 mm

Mcr = 113,9 kNm

The non-dimensional slenderness is obtained from :

EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2.2 (1)

804300 235 10- 6 = 1,288 113,9

For rolled profiles, LT,0 = 0,4

LT = 1,288 > LT,0