Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 451 views

    Development of Branchial Arches

    Uploaded by

    Fidz Lianko
    The document discusses pre-natal growth and development, specifically the development of branchial arches and their fate. [1] The branchial arches develop in the embryo and resemble gill structures in fish, reflecting that ontogeny mirrors phylogeny. [2] Each arch contributes to specific structures - the first arch forms parts of the ear bones and muscles of mastication, the second arch forms facial bones and muscles, and the third arch forms parts of the hyoid bone. [3] The branchial pouches also contribute to key structures - the first pouch forms the auditory tube and middle ear, while the second and third pouches form parts of the tonsils, parathyroid and th

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Development of Branchial Arches

    Uploaded by

    Fidz Lianko
    451 views4 pages
    The document discusses pre-natal growth and development, specifically the development of branchial arches and their fate. [1] The branchial arches develop in the embryo and resemble gill structures in fish, reflecting that ontogeny mirrors phylogeny. [2] Each arch contributes to specific structures - the first arch forms parts of the ear bones and muscles of mastication, the second arch forms facial bones and muscles, and the third arch forms parts of the hyoid bone. [3] The branchial pouches also contribute to key structures - the first pouch forms the auditory tube and middle ear, while the second and third pouches form parts of the tonsils, parathyroid and th

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses pre-natal growth and development, specifically the development of branchial arches and their fate. [1] The branchial arches develop in the embryo and resemble gill structures in fish, reflecting that ontogeny mirrors phylogeny. [2] Each arch contributes to specific structures - the first arch forms parts of the ear bones and muscles of mastication, the second arch forms facial bones and muscles, and the third arch forms parts of the hyoid bone. [3] The branchial pouches also contribute to key structures - the first pouch forms the auditory tube and middle ear, while the second and third pouches form parts of the tonsils, parathyroid and th

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    451 views4 pages

    Development of Branchial Arches

    Uploaded by

    Fidz Lianko
    The document discusses pre-natal growth and development, specifically the development of branchial arches and their fate. [1] The branchial arches develop in the embryo and resemble gill structures in fish, reflecting that ontogeny mirrors phylogeny. [2] Each arch contributes to specific structures - the first arch forms parts of the ear bones and muscles of mastication, the second arch forms facial bones and muscles, and the third arch forms parts of the hyoid bone. [3] The branchial pouches also contribute to key structures - the first pouch forms the auditory tube and middle ear, while the second and third pouches form parts of the tonsils, parathyroid and th

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The text discusses the development of the branchial arches and pouches and their contribution to structures in the head, neck and throat region.

    A wide variety of structures develop from the branchial arches and pouches including bones, cartilages, muscles, ligaments and glands.

    The first arch contributes to the trigeminal nerve, second to the facial nerve, third to the glossopharyngeal nerve, fourth to the vagus nerve and sixth to the accessory nerve.

    Pre-natal Growth and Development

    I.DEVELOPMENT OF BRANCHIAL ARCHES - structures which develop in embryo; are


    comparable to gills of fish; -reflect fact that ontogeny (development of individual) resembles phylogeny (evolution of species); - are important in understanding final structure and innervation of head and neck.

    Pharyngeal Arches

    Each arch has its own blood supply. These are the aortic arches.

    Pharyngeal Arches o Ancient gill bars o Branchial arches o form gills in fish

    Pharyngeal Arches Appear at 4 - 5 weeks. Play important role in the formation of the face. Play an important role in the formation of the neck structures.

    Mesenchymal tissue

    separated externally by clefts separated internally by endodermal pouches e

    Pre-natal Growth and Development


    Pharyngeal Arches Ectoderm Ectoderm surrounds the stomodeum. Ectoderm is found anterior to the tonsillar fossa. Head Mesenchyme paraxial mesoderm lateral plate mesoderm neural crest cells Paraxial mesoderm Lateral plate mesoderm Neural crest

    At 5 weeks: o Stomadeum is preset o Surrounded by the 1st Branchial Arch

    Paraxial mesoderm (somites and somitomeres)

    forms floor of the brain case

    forms some of occipital region Paraxial Mesoderm

    forms:
    o

    voluntary muscles of the craniofascial region o dermis and connective tissue in dorsal head o meninges Lateral plate mesoderm Branchial Arches Ectodermal placodes Stomodeum
    o

    forms:
    o o

    laryngeal cartilages from 4th and 6th arch connective tissue in larynx region Neural crest cells migrate into: o pharyngeal arches - from forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain form bones of the face and the skull form hyoid cartilage (from 2nd and 3rd arches) Bone of the Face and Skull White - neural crest Tan - paraxial mesodern Red - lateral plate mesoderm

    Pre-natal Growth and Development


    II. FATE OF BRANCHIAL ARCHES contribute to formation of face, neck, mouth, larynx, and pharynx A. Branchial Arch Cartilages form skeletal elements (bones, cartilages and ligaments) B. Branchial Arch Nerves are cranial nerves (SVE component) First arch = Trigeminal (V), Second arch = Facial N. (VII); Third arch = Glossopharyngeal N. (IX); Fourth arch = Vagus (X); Sixth arch (caudal) = Accessory N. (XI) C. Branchial arch muscles many (see chart); each muscle migrates but continues to be innervated by the cranial nerve to the arch from which the muscle is derived. Neural crest cells

    III. FATE

    OF BRANCHIAL POUCHES

    A. Pouch 1 - elongates into tubotympanic recess; midfacial skeletal structure forms Auditory tube and tympanic cavity. pharyngeal arch skeletal structures plus cartilage, bone, dentin, tendon, dermis, B. Pouch 2 - forms epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) meninges, sensory neurons and glandular of the Palatine tonsils. stroma Ectodermal placodes C. Pouch 3 - Upper part forms Inferior Parathyroid gland; lower part forms Thymus gland form neurons of:
    o o o o o

    form:

    5th, 7th, 9th and 10th sensory ganglia with variable neural crest contributions gland;

    D. Pouch 4 - Expands into superior and inferior parts. 1. Superior part - forms superior parathyroid 2. Inferior part - source of C cells (produce hormone calcitonin) which fuse with thyroid gland. NOTE: Superior parathyroid gland develops from Pouch 4 and Inferior parathyroid gland from Pouch 3; final position occurs because elements from Pouch 3 migrate caudal to Pouch 4.

    Ectodermal Placodes Neurons migrate into each arch. Each arch has its own nerve supply.

    Pre-natal Growth and Development


    STRUCTURES DERIVED FROM BRANCHIAL ARCHES AND POUCHES

    ARCH/NERVE First (V)

    SKELETAL 1) Malleus 2) Incus

    LIGAMENTS 1) Ant. ligament of malleus 2) Sphenomandibular ligament

    MUSCLES 1) Muscles of Mastication 2) Tensor tympani 3) Tensor palati 4) Mylohyoid 5) Ant. belly of Digastric

    POUCH 1) Auditory tube 2) Tympanic cavity

    Second (VII)

    1) Stapes 2) Styloid process

    Stylohyoid ligament

    1) Muscles of Facial Expression 2) Stapedius

    Lining (crypts) of palatine tonsils

    3) Hyoid bone lesser horn, upper half of body

    3) Stylohyoid 4) Post. belly of Digastric

    Third (IX)

    Hyoid bone greater horn, lower half of body

    ----------

    Stylopharyngeus

    1) Inferior parathyroid gland 2) Thymus

    Fourth (X)

    Cartilages of Larynx

    ----------

    1) All muscles of Larynx 2) All muscles of Pharynx (except Stylopharyngeus) 3) All muscles of Soft Palate (except Tensor palati)

    1) Superior parathyroid gland 2) C-cells of Thyroid

    Sixth (XI)

    ----------

    ----------

    1) Sternocleidomastoid 2) Trapezius

    ----------

    Note: First Branchial Groove (Cleft) becomes External Auditory Meatus First Branchial Membrane becomes Tympanic Membrane

    You might also like