Refining Process

REFINING PROCESSES
A.DATTA
LECT04
Diagram of Refinery Units
Crude Oil
Shorter Chain Molecules
Gas treatment
H2 S H2 S
Sulphur Recovery
Sulphur
Desulphurisation
Platformer
Petrol Kerosine
Gas Oil
Diesel
Vacuum Gas Oil
Long Residue
Hyrdrocracker
Distillation
Long Chain Molecules
High Vacuum Separation

Waxy Distillate
Bitumen
Butane De-asphalting
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit
De-asphalted oil DAO
Roads
Asphalt
Fuel oil
The Process Units

Refinery Gas
Natural Gas
Syngas and Reformates

Naphtha
Plat HDT Split

RG H2
DePr
RG
RG
Fuel Gas
Sulphur
Regular Mogas
Condensates and Low Sulphur Crudes

High Sulphur Crudes Imported Residues
Kero
Mogas Blend
Premium Mogas
CDU1
RG
LGO
HGO
H2
HDS2
Kero / Avtur CO2
Long Residue Automotive Gasoils and Marine
Naphtha
GasOil Blend RG
Low Sulphur Crudes
Kero LGO HGO
HDS1
H2
HMU
H2 RG
High Sulphur Crudes
CDU2
HCU
FuelOil Blend
Light Fuel Oil Heavy Fuel Oil Bunkers
Imported Residues
HVU2
Long Residue
HVU1 BBU
BDU
Refinery Fuel Bitumen 80/100 Bitumen 180/200 Bitumen 45/55
Approx 7 Barrels to the Tonne
7%
FUEL AND LOSS
30%
MOGAS
14% 32%
JET/ KERO GASOILS
17%
FUEL OILS
A Typical Crude Barrel
Crude
The Process Units

High Vaccuum Unit
Distiller Units Platformer
Bitumen Unit Gasoil Hydrotreater Depropaniser
Hydrocracker
Kerosine Hydrodesulphuriser
Butane Deasphalting unit
Hydrogen Manufacturing unit
Sulphur Recovery
Product Blending
Products out
Distillation
The initial separation takes place in the distillation Column
The Crude is first heated in a furnace to a temperature of 360 oC
It enters the column and vapours and liquids separate The light vapours rise to the top whilst the heavier liquids fall to the bottom
Gases +Tops + Naphtha
Kerosene
Crude
Light Gasoil Heavy Gasoil
Furnace
Long Residue
Distillation Column
Lower Boiling
Crude
Higher Boiling
Distillation Column
Desulphurisation
Sour Tops + Naphtha Sour Kerosene

Sour Gasoil Hydrogen
Under Pressure and Heat Reaction takes place and Hydrogen bonds with Sulphur to form H2s
H2S
Reactor
Catalyst
Desulphurised Tops + Naphtha Desulphurised Kerosene Desulphurised Gasoil
Desulphurisation Process
PLATFORMING
Increases low Octane Naphtha to high Octane Platformate Uses Heat and Pressure in a Reactor Hydrogen is evolved in the process Platinum Catalyst assists the process
PLATFORMING
Platinum Reforming
Platformer Unit
50 OCTANE
Naphtha From Splitter Furnace

Hydrogen Recycle Hydrogen To Users
520C 18 barg
40C
High Octane Platformate

Blending Tank
515C
Reactor
Separator 100 OCTANE
High Vacuum & Bitumen Units
Vacuum
Gases
Bitumen Feed Tanks
Vacuum Gas Oil
Long Residue
High Vacuum Unit - HVU 1
180 Pen Bitumen
Gases
To Refinery Gas System
Vacuum Gas Oil
To Hydrocracker for furthur Processing
Truck Loading and shipping
180 Pen Bitumen
Blowing Column
45/55 Pen Bitumen
Hydrocracking
What is Hydrocracking ??
Production of high quality light products
from heavy oils, in the presence of Hydrogen.
Hydrocracker Overview
145 t/d
Plant gas
70 t/d
Adip gas
10 t/d
Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit
Hydrogen
140 t/d 120 t/d Gas
Butane
1400 t/d
1100 t/d
Steam
High Vacuum Unit 5500 t/d
Waxy Distilate
Tops/Naphtha
3200 t/d
HCU
Hydrocracker
900 t/d
Kerosine Gasoil
2000 t/d
HVU
VGO
200 t/d
DAO
1000 t/d
Long Residue
BUTANE
DE-ASPHALTING UNIT
BDU
Short Residue
1900 t/d
Asphalt
900 t/d
Sulphur Recovery Unit

Converts H2S into Sulphur For use by Fertiliser Companies
Sulphur Recovery Unit
H2S Feed
Main Furnace
Liquid Sulphur
A 59%
Fuel Gas
Reactor Line Burner Waste Heat Boiler Line Burner

B C Liquid Sulphur
Fuel Gas
Stack
Fuel Gas
Sulphur Pit
Incinerator Reactor
Line Burner
Liquid Sulphur
Coalescer
SCOT Unit ENVIRONMENTAL

LOWERS EMISSIONS
SCOT Feed Gas
SCOT Unit
Air FG
SCOT Burner
To SRU
Reactor
KO Drum
Upper Quench Column
Waste Heat Boiler
Blower
Lean ADIP
Quench Water KO Drum Cooler
Semi Rich ADIP
Lower Quench Column

To SWS
Absorber Colum (ADIP)

Refining Process

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REFINING PROCESSES

Diagram of Refinery Units

High Vacuum Separation

Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit

De-asphalted oil DAO

The Process Units

Syngas and Reformates

Plat HDT Split

Condensates and Low Sulphur Crudes

Kero / Avtur CO2

Long Residue Automotive Gasoils and Marine

Low Sulphur Crudes

Kero LGO HGO

High Sulphur Crudes

Light Fuel Oil Heavy Fuel Oil Bunkers

Refinery Fuel Bitumen 80/100 Bitumen 180/200 Bitumen 45/55

Approx 7 Barrels to the Tonne

FUEL AND LOSS

JET/ KERO GASOILS

A Typical Crude Barrel

The Process Units

Distiller Units Platformer

Bitumen Unit Gasoil Hydrotreater Depropaniser

Hydrogen Manufacturing unit

Gases +Tops + Naphtha

Light Gasoil Heavy Gasoil

Sour Tops + Naphtha Sour Kerosene

Desulphurised Tops + Naphtha Desulphurised Kerosene Desulphurised Gasoil

Naphtha From Splitter Furnace

High Octane Platformate

Separator 100 OCTANE

High Vacuum & Bitumen Units

Bitumen Feed Tanks

Vacuum Gas Oil

High Vacuum Unit - HVU 1

180 Pen Bitumen

To Refinery Gas System

Vacuum Gas Oil

To Hydrocracker for furthur Processing

Truck Loading and shipping

180 Pen Bitumen

45/55 Pen Bitumen

from heavy oils, in the presence of Hydrogen.

Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit

Sulphur Recovery Unit

Sulphur Recovery Unit

Reactor Line Burner Waste Heat Boiler Line Burner

SCOT Unit ENVIRONMENTAL

SCOT Feed Gas

Upper Quench Column

Waste Heat Boiler

Quench Water KO Drum Cooler

Semi Rich ADIP

Lower Quench Column

Absorber Colum (ADIP)

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