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It's never made clear but according to the Memory Alpha wiki for the Star Trek universe, he's a scavenger so he was probably desperately looking for something valuable below the surface of the planet.

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This entity claimed to be God, but was actually a malevolent noncorporeal being discovered by the Vulcan Sybok and the crew of the USS Enterprise-A in 2287. It was imprisoned on a planet located within the Great Barrier at the center of the galaxy, which was believed by Sybok to be Sha Ka Ree, of Vulcan mythology.

In 2287, this being assumed the identities of several mythological figures, including the God of Sha Ka Ree to lure Sybok and the Enterprise to its location so that the starship could free it from imprisonment. "God" asked for the ship to help it spread its "wisdom" through the universe. Though Sybok wanted to oblige, Captain James T. Kirk was suspicious of its motives, and asked why "God" would need a ship. In response, "God" shot energy beams from its eyes at the Starfleet captain.

Spock tried reinforcing Kirk's point only to be shot as well. "God" asked Leonard McCoy if he doubted it too. The doctor responded, that he doubts any God who inflicts pain for its own pleasure. "God" then revealed it had been a prisoner on the planet and wanted to escape. He changed into a form mimicking Sybok, to mock the foolish Vulcan for his arrogance, informing him also that the vision of it being a God was created only by Sybok's own imagination.

Realizing his mistake, Sybok sacrificed his life by thrusting himself into the entity, so that the Enterprise crew could escape. Kirk ordered a photon torpedo to be fired, killing Sybok, but not the entity, who was only incapacitated for a few moments. Enraged, the entity attempted to kill the remaining three. Kirk had Spock and McCoy beam away, leaving himself to the mercy of the entity. Manning the weapons of a Klingon Bird of Prey, Spock fired upon the entity, hurting or possibly destroying it, and rescued Kirk from the planet. (Star Trek V: The Final Frontier)

While most of the Enterprise crew are on shore leave, chief engineer Montgomery "Scotty" Scott (James Doohan) and communications officer Nyota Uhura (Nichelle Nichols) stay behind to effect repairs on the USS Enterprise NCC-1701-A. When they learn of a terrorist uprising on Nimbus III (The Planet of Galactic Peace), they are ordered by Starfleet to reassemble their crew and investigate the situation. A renegade Vulcan named Sybok (Laurence Luckinbill) has taken three ambassadors-Klingon General Korrd (Charles Cooper), Romulan Caithlin Dar (Cynthia Gouw), and St. John Talbot (David Warner)-all for the purpose of commandeering the Enterprise in order to search the center of the galaxy for the planet Sha-Ka-Ree, which he is certain is the home of the Creator. Unfortunately, hot on their trail is a Klingon Bird-of-Prey, commanded by Captain Klaa (Todd Bryant) who is trying to make a name for himself by capturing Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner).

A year after the previous film, 2287 A.D.

Yes. Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, a novelization of the movie by American science fiction writer J.M. Dillard (pen name for Jeanne Kalogridis), was released in 1989.

So far, there are 13: Star Trek V: The Final Frontier was preceded by Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979)), Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982), Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984), and Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986), and followed by Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991), all of which featured the Enterprise captained by James T Kirk. Star Trek: Generations (1994) unites Kirk's crew with the crew of the Enterprise captained by Jean-Luc Picard (Patrick Stewart). The other Star Trek movies featuring Picard as Captain include: Star Trek: First Contact (1996), Star Trek: Insurrection (1998), and Star Trek: Nemesis (2002). Star Trek (2009), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and Star Trek Beyond (2016) (2016) take place in an alternate reality in which Kirk was just beginning his career with Starfleet Academy.