Former President of Haiti (1991),(1994-1996) and (2001-2004), ousted in two coups d'état (1991,2004). The American government ruled that the years of military government between 1991 and 1994 would count as part of his term, forcing him to step down after only two years as he was not permitted to run for a second consecutive term. His second term was also interrupted by a putsch and he was forced into exile by the American military. When he could not run, René Préval was elected president (1996, 2005).
