If you haven't seen the show that precedes this movie, it is probable that you won't understand half of what is going on, or that, at least, you won't enjoy it as half as you would if you had seen it.
In Japan they have the tradition of making movies from their TV shows, especially the cop procedural. It normally is just a one hour and a half, two hours long glorified episode, with more money but just the same plot of one of the TV episodes. In some other cases it picks the story where the show ended and ties some loose ends that were left there specifically for the movie. ST: Aka to Shiro no Sôsa File the Movie fits more into the first category.
The story won't need you getting a PhD. Samon Akagi, a genius, who is part of a special police force, which is lead by Tomohisa Yurine, seems to be the culprit in a guy's death. Tomohisa Yurine thinks everything is very strange and decides to find the truth. If you have seen the show, you will know how it was based on the relationship between these two cops and the rest of team, which also included a monk, a Silent- Bob guy who recognizes thinks by smell and is an incredible fighter, a woman that can recognize if someone is lying by their tone of voice and a very smart girl that was in reality a very rich woman with a wig on. Yes, it was a very silly show, more comedy than mystery, even if it had both. It was easy to watch, not very deep and the actors had good chemistry together. And all of that is, again, the strong points of the movie. You will enjoy all the silliness (because the mystery is even less of a mystery than in the TV show) and all they running around and making the rest of the police seem like fools. Sadly, it is just that, and it ends being a non very ambitious movie, with suspect effects and overacting. It all kind of feel pointless sometimes.
Fun if you like silly comedy-mystery Japanese movies, because this is an special sub-genre from that country (Trick, etc.), but as said before, I think that it is just for fans.