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320 pages, ebook
First published April 10, 2018
Consider the testimony of a well-educated but not politically minded German who experienced the rise of the Third Reich:Comedian Jeff Foxworthy has made a career of a single comedic line, “You might be a redneck.” A few samples from the site Country Humor:
To live in this process is absolutely not
to be able to notice it—please try to
believe me. . . . Each step was so small,
so inconsequential, so well explained
or, on occasion, “regretted,” that, unless
one were detached from the whole
process from the beginning, unless one
understood what . . . all these “little
measures” that no “patriotic German”
could resent must some day lead to, one
no more saw it developing from day to
day than a farmer in his field sees the
corn growing. . . . And one day, too late,
your principles, if you were ever sensible
of them, all rush in upon you. The burden
of self-deception has grown too heavy,
and some minor incident, in my case my
little boy, hardly more than a baby, saying
“Jew swine,” collapses it all at once, and
you see that everything, everything, has
changed and changed completely under your nose.
[her students] began from the ground up, naming the characteristics that were, to their minds, most closely associated with the word. “A mentality of ‘us against them,’” offered one. Another ticked off “nationalist, authoritarian, antidemocratic.” A third emphasized the violent aspect. A fourth wondered why Fascism was almost always considered right-wing, arguing, “Stalin was as much a Fascist as Hitler.”It is not only applicable to far right sorts who pine for a corporatist authoritarian state. There were leftists in Italy advocating a dictatorship of the dispossessed who called themselves Fascists, as did even Italian centrists (of a sort) who espoused a monarchy. The premier fascists of the 20th century, the Nazi Party, in addition to their wildly inhumane views, advocated for more generous pensions, an end to child labor and better maternal healthcare. Clearly the term is not limited by ideology. Maybe it has more to do with methodologies for seizing power.
Still another noted that Fascism is often linked to people who are part of a distinct ethnic or racial group, who are under economic stress, and who feel that they are being denied rewards to which they are entitled. “It’s not so much what people have,” she said, “but what they think they should have—and what they fear.” Fear is why Fascism’s emotional reach can extend to all levels of society. No political movement can grow without popular support, but Fascism is as dependent on the wealthy and powerful as it is on the man or woman in the street—on those who have much to lose and those who have nothing at all.Albright offers insightful analysis of the origins of fascism, noting in particular its 20th century originator and his prize student. But there were plenty more who found authoritarianism appealing, whether they fit the definition of fascist or not. In fact, Albright offers a survey of many of the 20th century’s all-star team for egregious leadership. Some names will be familiar. You know the Italian, the German and probably the Spaniard, but are likely to be less familiar with organizations and leaders in other countries. Like the Arrow Cross group in Hungary, or movements in France, Iceland, and Romania. The Czech fascist, Itenlein, allowing Hitler to use him to broadcast lies about mistreatment in the country, giving Hitler cover necessary to justify invading. Or The Bund in the USA.
The story of the Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia holds lessons that still need absorbing. Good guys don’t always win, especially when they are divided and less determined than their adversaries. The desire for liberty may be ingrained in every human breast, but so is the potential for complacency, confusion, and cowardice. And losing has a price. After 1948, Czechoslovakia had no room for democrats. In that Kafkaesque environment, the Czechs who had devoted every hour of World War II to fighting Hitler from London were accused of having spent their days instead plotting to enslave the working class.She writes about dark days in US history when Joe McCarthy held the stage, and notes many similarities between Joe and you-know-who.
Decades ago, George Orwell suggested that the best one-word description of a Fascist was “bully,” and on the day of the Normandy invasion, Franklin Roosevelt prayed to the Almighty for a “peace invulnerable to the schemings of unworthy men.” By contrast, President Trump’s eyes light up when strongmen steamroll opposition, brush aside legal constraints, ignore criticism, and do whatever it takes to get their way.-----If you brag about your ability to solve all problems, despite the absence of any supporting evidence, you might be a fascist.
The shadow looming over these pages is, of course, that of Donald Trump. He is president because he convinced enough voters in the right states that he was a teller of blunt truths, a masterful negotiator, and an effective champion of American interests. That he is none of those things should disturb our sleep, but there is a larger cause for unease. Trump is the first anti- democratic president in modern U.S. history. On too many days, beginning in the early hours, he flaunts his disdain for democratic institutions, the ideals of equality and social justice, civil discourse, civic virtues, and America itself. If transplanted to a country with fewer democratic safeguards, he would audition for dictator, because that is where his instincts lead.It can be no coincidence that many of the actions, beliefs, and attitudes manifested by known fascists from the past and on the world stage today are present in Swamp Thing. In addition to being the most corrupt president our nation has ever endured, he would love nothing more than to cast aside all of our democratic institutions and rule solely by fiat.
After a while, people come to “believe everything and nothing, think that everything was possible and that nothing was true,” wrote Hannah Arendt, the German-born philosopher, in describing how truth lost its way in her native land.-----October 15, 2018 - A nice short video that puts the current danger into historical context - If You’re Not Scared About Fascism in the U.S., You Should Be
Trump is the first anti-democratic president in U.S. history. On too many days, beginning in the early hours, he flaunts his disdain for democratic institutions, the ideals of equality and social justice, civil discourse, civic virtues, and America itself. If transplanted to a country with fewer democratic safeguards, he would audition for dictator, because that is where his instincts lead. This frightening fact has consequences. The herd mentality is powerful in international affairs. Leaders around the globe observe, learn from, and mimic one another. They see where their peers are heading, what they can get away with, and how they can augment and perpetuated their power. They walk in one another’s footsteps, as Hitler did with Mussolini—and today the herd is moving in a Fascist direction.
Nuo pat įkūrimo JAV - vilties šaltinis milijonams. (p. 213)
Galbūt Trumpas tikrai, kaip pats teigia, turi išeitį, kaip sudaryti geresnes prekybos sutartis, įtvirtinti taiką tarp arabų ir Izraelio, nutraukti Šiaurės Korėjos branduolinę programą ir įveikti ekstremizmo smurtą. Tikiuosi, kad turi. (p. 226)