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369 pages, Hardcover
First published May 1, 2017
One must always try to be as radical as reality itself. - Lenin
The position of the Bolsheviks I understood, because they preached 'Down with the war and immediate peace at any price,' but I couldn't understand at all the tactics of the SRs and the Mensheviks, who first broke up the army, as if to avoid counterrevolution, and at the same time desired the continuation of the war to a victorious end. - General Brusilov
The revolution of 1917 is a revolution of trains. History proceeding in screams of cold metal.Γεμάτη δράση η μυθιστορηματική αποτύπωση των γεγονότων που οδήγησαν στην Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση, με τη διαφορά πως ως υλικό η πραγματική ζωή σε αντίθεση με την πλοκή ενός μυθιστορήματος είναι πιο ιδιόμορφη και πολύ πιο λεπτομερής. Ο αριθμός των εμπλεκόμενων ατόμων και μερών, οι αποφάσεις που πάρθηκαν και που ακυρώθηκαν, το χάος κι η επανάσταση που κινήθηκε σαν ένα τρένο τη νύχτα, φαινομενικά ασταμάτητη κι αναμφισβήτητα επικίνδυνη δίνονται με τρομερή ενάργεια, ενώ o Miéville εμφανίζεται να κατέχει το ζήτημα που αναλύει, ιστορικά και ιδεολογικά, απεικονίζοντας άρτια και τίμια την ακατάστατη διαδικασία και τα λάθη των dramatis personae, μένοντας όσο το δυνατόν πιο απροκατάληπτος, ισχυριζόμενος πως
Those who count themselves on the side of the revolution must engage with these failures and crimes. To do otherwise is to fall into apologia, special pleading, hagiography – and to run the risk of repeating such mistakes.
“Had there been any opposition to this final-second decision, the process could easily and reasonably have been denounced as inquorate and undemocratic.”
"Recognising that an armed uprising is inevitable and the time fully ripe, the CC instructs all party organisations to be guided accordingly and to consider and decide all practical questions from this viewpoint.”
“At the present, the instigation of an armed uprising before and independent of the Soviet Congress would be an impermissible and even fatal step for the proletariat and the revolution.”
“The time for such an adventure was not right.” (171)
“After the quasi-revolt of July, there came a spike in murders of a particular sort, a bleak social symptom. Murders born of political argument. The ill-tempered slanging matches of the day escalated abruptly into fights, even armed violence. After February, political debates had been fiery and exuberant. Now, they could be deadly.”
“Not since Banquo had so unwelcome a ghost been at the table.”
It is in the twenty-second session of that gathering that a chasm opens between the delegates, a split remarkable not only for its depth, but also for the seeming triviality of its catalyst. The question is whether a party member should be one who 'recognises the party's programme and supports it by material means and by regular personal association under the direction of one of the party organisations' or 'by personal participation in one of the party organisations.' Martov demands the former. Lenin stakes all on the latter. (16)Marvelous, how this anecdotes encapsulates the left generally--parliamentary procedure to a fault, highest stakes in the smallest moments, diremptive, self-destructive factionalism.
the Bolshevik leaders were still debating what to do, when word reached them that the armed masses were approaching. Someone in the room gasped: 'Without the sanction of the Central Committee?' To be radical was to lead others, surely, to change their ideas, to persuade them to follow you; to go neither too far or too fast, nor to lag behind. 'To patiently explain.' How easy to forget that people do not need or await permission to move. (173)After these July "troubles," the government issued warrants for the arrest of its alleged organizers, "including Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Kollontai, and Lunarcharsky. To which list Trotsky, with typical twinkling arrogance, would soon demand to be added, a request the government granted" (189). At this point, Lenin described the Kerensky liberal government as "degenerating Bonapartism," a "balancing act between opposed social forces" (193). By August, the pro-monarchist restorationist forces confronted the government, "not a dialectical synthesis" but rather a crisis wherein "Kerensky and Kornilov were equally bad, but at that moment, Kornilov was more equally bad" (223); at this point, Mieville explains:
In Zurich earlier that year, trying to convert the Romanian poet Valeriu Marcu to revolutionary defeatism, Lenin had coaxed him with what would become a famous phrase. 'One must always,' he said, 'try to be as radical as reality itself.' And what is a radicalism that does not surprise? Reality, radical, now stunned him. (231)Plenty more pathetic and inspiring. Red October is the cocoon bursting, the state of exception an incubation--"a rising of the masses of the people requires no justification" (298), according to Trotsky, one line to challenge the edifice of Derrida and Benjamin and Agamben. The epilogue makes clear the anti-stalinist bona fides.
“October, for an instant, brings a new kind of power. Fleetingly, there is a shift toward workers’ control of production and the rights of peasants to the land. Equal rights for men and women in work and in marriage, the right to divorce, maternity support. The decriminalisation of homosexuality, 100 years ago. Moves toward national self-determination. Free and universal education, the expansion of literacy. And with literacy comes a cultural explosion, a thirst to learn, the mushrooming of universities and lecture series and adult schools. A change in the soul…as much as in the factory. And though those moments are snuffed out, reversed, become bleak jokes and memories all too soon, it might have been otherwise.” (p. 317)
It is, rather, a short introduction for those curious about an astonishing story, eager to be caught up in the revolution's rhythms. Because here it is precisely as a story that I have tried to tell it.
—p.2
To be a radical was to lead others, surely, to change their ideas, to persuade them to follow you; to go neither too far or too fast, nor to lag behind. "To patiently explain." How easy to forget that people do not need or await permission to move.
—p.173
We know where this is going: purges, gulags, starvation, mass murder.Even so, Miéville goes on to insist that the march from Trotsky and Lenin to starvation and Stalinism—not to mention the later emergence of so many post-Soviets for whom any government is either an obstacle to be evaded or a tool to be used for personal gain—was not a straight line, nor an inevitable consequence of the revolution:
—p.307
October is still ground zero for arguments about fundamental, radical social change. Its degradation was not a given, was not written in any stars.
—p.307