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October: The Story of the Russian Revolution

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In February 1917, in the midst of bloody war, Russia was still an autocratic monarchy: nine months later, it became the first socialist state in world history. How did this unimaginable transformation take place? How was a ravaged and backward country, swept up in a desperately unpopular war, rocked by not one but two revolutions?

This is the story of the extraordinary months between those upheavals, in February and October, of the forces and individuals who made 1917 so epochal a year, of their intrigues, negotiations, conflicts and catastrophes. From familiar names like Lenin and Trotsky to their opponents Kornilov and Kerensky; from the byzantine squabbles of urban activists to the remotest villages of a sprawling empire; from the revolutionary railroad Sublime to the ciphers and static of coup by telegram; from grand sweep to forgotten detail.

Historians have debated the revolution for a hundred years, its portents and possibilities: the mass of literature can be daunting. But here is a book for those new to the events, told not only in their historical import but in all their passion and drama and strangeness. Because as well as a political event of profound and ongoing consequence, Miéville reveals the Russian Revolution as a breathtaking story.


From the Hardcover edition.

369 pages, Hardcover

First published May 1, 2017

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About the author

China Miéville

150 books15k followers
A British "fantastic fiction" writer. He is fond of describing his work as "weird fiction" (after early 20th century pulp and horror writers such as H. P. Lovecraft), and belongs to a loose group of writers sometimes called New Weird who consciously attempt to move fantasy away from commercial, genre clichés of Tolkien epigons. He is also active in left-wing politics as a member of the Socialist Workers Party. He has stood for the House of Commons for the Socialist Alliance, and published a book on Marxism and international law.

Excerpted from Wikipedia.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 864 reviews
Profile Image for Darwin8u.
1,749 reviews8,918 followers
August 13, 2017
"We are sick and tired of living in debt and slavery. We want space and light."
- Letter from Rakalovsk peasants, quoted by China Miéville, October

description

A nice narrative history of the Russian Revolution in 1917. This isn't an academic book. This book, by design, is meant to be a nonintimidating book of narrative history for the curious. As we look back on the last 100 years, the Communist Revolution still has much to teach us. Hell, Steve Bannon is a self-described Leninist. We might want to pay CLOSE attention to the trains of the past.

I'm still trying to sort out exactly what I thought of this book. On one level it was well-written and paced (Miéville is a gifted story teller, obviously). He even makes the bureaucratic infighting of 1917 seem exciting. But while his technique is similar to others who have approached history or biography from a novelistic perspective, it doesn't quite hit the level of literature (not quite Mailer or Capote) I was hoping for. Next to Miéville's own books, it doesn't rise to the top.

China Miéville is well-versed in political philosophy. Dude has a PhD in it (technically in Marxism and International Law). His own leftist politics is felt from the first to the last pages. That is where the book gets a bit messy for me. This is Red October told by a New Weird SF writer who also happens to be strongly involved in International Socialist causes. This is a bit like having Orson Scott Card write about Mormonism or having Ayn Rand write about Adam Smith. Sometimes gifted people who are "true believers" aren't going to be the best/fairest critics of things they love. To be fair, Miéville spends a bit of the last few pages discussing how the 'revolution' went off the rails. But, he does't dwell too much on it. It is uncomfortable to dwell too long on purges, gulags, and Stalin.

He also doesn't have enough room here to properly examine most of the characters that appear. I would have loved to read more about Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, etc. Instead, this novel (constrained by an already large topic) passes over some crazy characters like eyes over an active chess board.

Anyway, I liked it (probably 3.5 tsars). Enjoyed it even. Like Red October, however, it was boring in parts and seemed constrianed by a leftist genius who at times seemed blind to the dangers of his own ideology.
Profile Image for David M.
477 reviews378 followers
May 17, 2017
One must always try to be as radical as reality itself. - Lenin

The position of the Bolsheviks I understood, because they preached 'Down with the war and immediate peace at any price,' but I couldn't understand at all the tactics of the SRs and the Mensheviks, who first broke up the army, as if to avoid counterrevolution, and at the same time desired the continuation of the war to a victorious end. - General Brusilov


If this book doesn't make Verso a killing, I really don't know what will. I recommend it to everyone - Mensheviks, Bolsheviks, liberals, anarchists, royalists, reactionaries, black hundreds, drunken soldiers deserting en masse. Fun for the whole family. Even more of a page-turner than Lineages of the Absolutist State and other classics of Marxist historiography.

Lenin cuts an impressive figure in these pages, but he's not quite the sinister genius we've come to expect. Mieville shows him stumbling and hesitating at key moments. Like everyone else, a passenger of history.

The true protagonist of October would be the great mass of humanity. Mieville's skills as a novelist are on full display as he depicts the anger, audacity, and despair of ordinary people. Lifelong vassals waking up to a sense of their own dignity. My personal favorite anecdote involved waiters refusing to accept tips, on the grounds they were a form of noblesse oblige.

Not to be overly romantic. There was also a good deal of looting and random violence. Russia in 1917 was in an incredibly desperate situation, quickly descending into famine and chaos. The czar had been overthrown but the provisional government was still committed to waging a disastrous and hated war. In this context, Lenin was the only political actor of any significance who could plausibly claim to have a solution. He'd been against the war when practically everyone - including most other Marxists - had been in favor of it.

Of course history is written by the victors, and often written very badly. Liberals who accuse Lenin of suppressing civil society are being laughably absurd. In 1917, Russia did not stand a remote chance of just magically becoming a liberal democracy. Those who call Lenin a ruthless terrorist and murderer tend to downplay the much greater violence of the first world war as well as the imperialist aggressions that followed October. It's amazing how the white terror has been more or less wiped clean from official history.

I think it's fair to say that for the past hundred years most denunciations of the revolution have been based on a position of ideological blindness and historical illiteracy. Nonetheless, that certainly doesn't mean it should be above all criticism. Though it still held on to power in one country, arguably Bolshevism had already failed in its mission by 1920 or so. The world overthrow of capitalism was not to be. China Mieville's great new book represents a critical celebration of what might have been.
Profile Image for Eliasdgian.
432 reviews128 followers
December 29, 2017
Συγκλονιστικό οδοιπορικό στα γεγονότα που οδήγησαν στη Ρωσική Επανάσταση (Φεβρουαριανή και Οκτωβριανή), μέσω μιας λεπτομερούς καταγραφής των συνθηκών και των τάσεων που επικράτησαν, πριν και κατά τη διάρκεια του έτους 1917, προκειμένου να γίνει πραγματικότητα η πρώτη σοσιαλιστική επανάσταση στην ιστορία και το αυταρχικό μοναρχικό καθεστώς της τσαρικής Ρωσίας να δώσει τη θέση του στο πρώτο σοσιαλιστικό κράτος της παγκόσμιας ιστορίας.

Ένα βιβλίο που περιέχει σχεδόν τα πάντα: από την ίδρυση της πρώτης μαρξιστικής ομάδας της Ρωσίας (Απελευθέρωση της Εργασίας, 1883) υπό τους Γκεόργκι Πλεχάνοφ και Βέρα Ζασούλιτς έως τη θεμελίωση του σοσιαλιστικού κινήματος, κυρίως, ανάμεσα στις μειονοτικές ομάδες και εθνότητες της αχανούς ρωσικής αυτοκρατορίας∙ από το σχίσμα στους κόλπους του ρωσικού μαρξισμού και την εγκαθίδρυση δύο αντίπαλων ομάδων, των μενσεβίκων του Μάρτοφ και των μπολσεβίκων του Λένιν, έως τη Ματωμένη Κυριακή (09/01/1905), όταν οι Κοζάκοι, παραδοσιακοί φορείς της τσαρικής καταστολής, κατέπνιξαν στο αίμα την ειρηνική διαδήλωση χιλιάδων άοπλων πολιτών που είχαν συγκεντρωθεί στην πλατεία των χειμερινών ανακτόρων της Αγίας Πετρούπολης, με αποτέλεσμα κοντά 1.500 άνθρωποι να αφήσουν την τελευταία τους πνοή στον παγωμένο ποταμό Νέβα (και η επανάσταση να επιταχυνθεί)∙ από την ίδρυση του σοβιέτ (η ρωσική λέξη για το «συμβούλιο») στην Αγία Πετρούπολη, υπό την ηγεσία του Λέοντος Τρότσκι, έως την είσοδο της Ρωσίας στον Α΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο∙ από τις μεγάλες απεργίες στις αρχές του 1917, τις οποίες ενέπνεαν η οργή για την οικονομική κατάσταση, η αντίθεση στον πόλεμο, και η ταξική περηφάνια και τιμή, έως τη φυγή του τσάρου Νικολάου του Β΄, την οριστική ανατροπή της μοναρχίας στη Ρωσία, και το τέλος της δυναστείας των Ρομανόφ∙ από τη συγκρότηση Προσωρινής Κυβέρνησης, η οποία συγκροτήθηκε θεμελιωμένη στα οκτώ σημεία που συμφωνήθηκαν ανάμεσα στο Σοβιέτ και την Επιτροπή της Δούμας, και προέβη άμεσα στην κατάργηση της θανατικής ποινής, και την εξάλειψη των νομικών διακρίσεων ως προς το θρήσκευμα και την εθνότητα, έως την επάνοδο του Λένιν στη Ρωσία που εξακολουθούσε να ζητά τη συνέχιση της επανάστασης και τη συναδέλφωση στο μέτωπο του πολέμου, την κατάσχεση των εκτάσεων των γαιοκτημόνων προκειμένου να τεθούν στη διάθεση των σοβιέτ των αγροτών, και την κατάργηση του στρατού, της αστυνομίας και της γραφειοκρατίας∙ από τη συνεχή ενδυνάμωση του μπολσεβικικού κόμματος που έδειχνε ικανό να οδηγήσει τα πράγματα σε μια πορεία προς τη σοσιαλιστική ενότητα και την εξουσία, αποκλείοντας σταδιακά και οριστικά κάθε πιθανότητα συνεργασίας με τους μενσεβίκους και τους εσέρους, έως τον Κόκκινο Οκτώβρη, την εξέγερση από τα κάτω, την πολιορκία των ανακτόρων στις 24/10/1917, την ανατροπή της Προσωρινής Κυβέρνησης, και την ανακοίνωση της Επαναστατικής Κυβέρνησης.

Στον επίλογο του βιβλίου του, ο China Miéville θέτει ορισμένα από τα καίρια ερωτήματα που συνήθως τίθενται:

«Ο Οκτώβρης ήταν αναπόδραστο να οδηγήσει στον Στάλιν; Είναι τα γκουλάγκ εξέλιξη του 1917;».

Η αλήθεια είναι πως μετά την Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση δεν οικοδομήθηκε η σοσιαλιστική τάξη πραγμάτων που οραματίστηκαν οι θεμελιωτές της. «Απεναντίας, οι μήνες και τα χρόνια που θα έρθουν, θα δουν την επανάσταση πολιορκημένη, χτυπημένη, απομονωμένη, τσακισμένη». «Η Ρωσία κερδίζει την ειρήνη αλλά χάνει εκτάσεις και πληθυσμό, κάποιες από τις πιο γόνιμες περιοχές της και πελώριες βιομηχανικές και οικονομικές δυνάμεις… αρχίζει να παγιώνεται το μονοκομματικό κράτος… ο σταλινισμός: ένα αστυνομικό κράτος παράνοιας, βαναυσότητας, δολοφονιών και κακογουστιάς».

Αλλά, φυσικά, για τίποτε από τα παραπάνω δεν μπορεί να ευθύνεται ο Οκτώβρης:

«Ο Οκτώβρης για μια στιγμή φέρνει ένα νέο είδος εξουσίας. Έστω φευγαλέα, σημειώνεται μια μετατόπιση προς τον εργατικό έλεγχο της παραγωγής και προς τα δικαιώματα των αγροτών στη γη. Προς ίσα δικαιώματα για τους άντρες και τις γυναίκες στην εργασία και στον γάμο, προς το δικαίωμα στο διαζύγιο, στη διατροφή. Προς την αποποινικοποίηση της ομοφυλοφιλίας, εκατό χρόνια πριν. Έχουμε κινήσεις προς την αυτοδιάθεση των εθνοτήτων. Δωρεάν και καθολική παιδεία, εξάπλωση της εγγραματοσύνης. Και με την εγγραματοσύνη έρχεται μια πολιτισμική έκρηξη, μια δίψα για μάθηση, η μαζική άνθηση πανεπιστημίων και διαλέξεων και σχολείων ενηλίκων… Και ναι, αυτές οι στιγμές καταπνίγονται τάχιστα, αντιστρέφονται, γίνονται ζοφερά αστεία και αναμνήσεις, θα μπορούσε το πράγμα να είχε εξελιχθεί αλλιώς».

Πέντε αστέρια ολοπόρφυρα._
Profile Image for Gabrielle.
1,126 reviews1,616 followers
March 4, 2019
Earlier this year, I read “Doctor Zhivago” (https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...), which I have to say is an absolute masterpiece. But as I read it, I couldn’t help but feel like I didn’t know as much as I should have liked about the story’s setting. Canadian history classes don’t really go into details about the Russian Revolution: we are told that the Bolsheviks assassinated the tsar and his family and that life in Russia was very difficult and dangerous for the following seventy-five years (not that it looks especially easier now, but let’s save that conversation for later) – and that’s pretty much it. I was itching to understand the circumstances of Pasternak’s story better when I remembered that in a fit of fangirl-madness, I’d gotten a copy of China Mieville’s nonfiction book about that exact topic, and that it had been sitting on my non-fiction shelf for a while… No time like the present, especially since my pile of Russian literature is rather imposing.

Yes, I confess that I’ll get any book my beloved China publishes, but his choice of topic for a nonfiction book is very interesting: he meant this as a non-intimidating narrative of the Russian Revolution, for people who (like me, I guess), had a very superficial understanding of these events and who were curious enough to want to read more about it - but not masochistic enough to dive into the more ponderous political science works that are out there. It’s also not a surprising choice: he’s never made a secret of his political leanings, and did write a PhD about Marxism and international law, so I felt confident he’d know what he was talking about with “October”.

I wondered how balanced an account of the Revolution this would be, given Mieville’s personal politics, but I also felt very curious to know how would one of the most significant events of the 20h century sound, as told by a genius of New Weird? As it turns out, pretty damn good! Mieville is an out-of-this-world storyteller, and he uses his well-honed skills to take the reader through 1917 the way no dry academic text on the subject could hope to do. He sets the stage by giving the reader a good piece of historical context, then describes, month by month, the tumultuous year that redefined Russia.

I’m not sure how this book fares against other works on the topic, but I learnt a lot! The inefficiency of the tsar and his government, added to the pressure cooker of the Great War pushing at Russia’s borders certainly makes an uprising seems unavoidable, but I confess I had no idea how divided and politically fickle the whole thing was: so many factions, all pushing against each other constantly, often in less than honest ways, to gain power.

This book is a surprisingly gripping narrative that doesn’t read like non-fiction at all. If all history books were written like this, I bet kids would pay more attention in class, and we wouldn’t need syrupy historical fiction cluttering our shelves! My only complaint (but this is in no way Mieville’s fault) is that there are so many people involved in this convoluted and messy bit of history that it can be a bit hard to keep everyone and their allegiances straight; I would have loved a diagram! The narrative also stops at the end of Red October: I would have loved another hundred pages about the immediate aftermath!

Very informative, but not overwhelming: definitely recommended if you are curious about the topic. 3 and a half stars, rounded up.
Profile Image for Nikos Tsentemeidis.
422 reviews286 followers
December 4, 2017
Εξαιρετικό ιστορικό βιβλίο που διαβάζεται πολύ εύκολα, σαν μυθιστόρημα. Πολύ κατατοπιστικό στο τι προηγήθηκε της σταλινικής Ρωσίας. Σίγουρα η βιβλιογραφία είναι πολύ μεγάλη, αλλά είναι μια καλή αρχή.
Profile Image for Paul.
1,361 reviews2,105 followers
February 3, 2024
“The revolution of 1917 is a revolution of trains. History proceeding in screams of cold metal. The tsar’s wheeled palace, shunted into sidings forever; Lenin’s sealed stateless carriage; Guchkov and Shulgin’s meandering abdication express; the trains criss-crossing Russia heavy with desperate deserters; the engine stoked by ‘Konstantin Ivanov’, Lenin in his wig, eagerly shovelling coal. And more and more will come: Trotsky’s armoured train, the Red Army’s propaganda trains, the troop carriers of the Civil War. Looming trains, trains hurtling through trees, out of the dark. Revolutions, Marx said, are the locomotives of history. ‘Put the locomotive into top gear’, Lenin exhorted himself in a private note, scant weeks after October, ‘and keep it on the rails.’ But how could you keep it there if there really was only one true way, one line, and it is blocked? ‘I have gone where you did not want me to go.’ In”
This is China Mieville’s account of the Russian Revolution. Each chapter covers a month from February to October with an introduction that sets the scene. This is a narrative account and not a scholastic or academic treatise. Mieville has read pretty widely. His reading includes academic historians of all political persuasions and the polemical texts written at the time. Mieville does have a point of view but the account is balanced. The story telling is good and I suppose being a novelist helps in that respect. He manages to be fair to all the participants. It’s very readable and in itself the story is dramatic. There are limits to this work. Mieville has looked at works in English and translated into English and has not looked at the extensive documentation in the Russian language.
Mieville’s approach is not dualist and there is nuance. He does focus on St Petersburg (Petrograd as it was then) primarily. There is an enormous literature on the Russian Revolution, but the strength of this contribution is that it was written by a story teller. He is happy to address the messiness and dynamism of the process. There is a significant sense of movement in the work and quite a lot on the role of trains in the revolution! Mieville himself was aware of the challenges:
“What I was constantly aware of was trying to mediate between specifics and generalities. One of the things I try to stress all the way through the book and in discussions is that this is very specifically a story of a particular place—Russia—in a particular time—1917. There is a line to walk: the story isn’t simply a curio of that moment, but equally one wants to try to avoid a kind of kitsch, “as then, so now” reductionism. So a key point is constantly being aware of the concrete particularities of that moment that you’re writing about.”
Mieville is also very aware of what might have been and reflects on some of the changes that occurred as a result, but sadly did not last:
“October, for an instant, brings a new kind of power. Fleetingly, there is a shift towards workers’ control of production and the rights of peasants to the land. Equal rights for men and women in work and in marriage, the right to divorce, maternity support. The decriminalization of homosexuality, 100 years ago. Moves towards national self-determination. Free and universal education, the expansion of literacy. And with literacy comes cultural explosion, a thirst to learn, the mushrooming of universities and lecture series and adult schools. A change in the soul, as Lunacharsky might put it, as much as in the factory. And though those moments are snuffed out, reversed, become bleak jokes and memories all too soon, it might have been otherwise.”
Mieville is particularly strong on explaining Lenin’s role and the nature of the movement all of those involved were riding; it was essentially a revolution from below. This is a good account of the October Revolution related by a good storyteller.
Profile Image for Sophie.
682 reviews
November 16, 2017
The revolution of 1917 is a revolution of trains. History proceeding in screams of cold metal.
Γεμάτη δράση η μυθιστορηματική αποτύπωση των γεγονότων που οδήγησαν στην Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση, με τη διαφορά πως ως υλικό η πραγματική ζωή σε αντίθεση με την πλοκή ενός μυθιστορήματος είναι πιο ιδιόμορφη και πολύ πιο λεπτομερής. Ο αριθμός των εμπλεκόμενων ατόμων και μερών, οι αποφάσεις που πάρθηκαν και που ακυρώθηκαν, το χάος κι η επανάσταση που κινήθηκε σαν ένα τρένο τη νύχτα, φαινομενικά ασταμάτητη κι αναμφισβήτητα επικίνδυνη δίνονται με τρομερή ενάργεια, ενώ o Miéville εμφανίζεται να κατέχει το ζήτημα που αναλύει, ιστορικά και ιδεολογικά, απεικονίζοντας άρτια και τίμια την ακατάστατη διαδικασία και τα λάθη των dramatis personae, μένοντας όσο το δυνατόν πιο απροκατάληπτος, ισχυριζόμενος πως
Those who count themselves on the side of the revolution must engage with these failures and crimes. To do otherwise is to fall into apologia, special pleading, hagiography – and to run the risk of repeating such mistakes.
Profile Image for Apostolis Kalogirou.
42 reviews30 followers
February 11, 2021
Το έχω τελειώσει εδώ και 15 μέρες και μου έβγαινε μια ψυχαναγκαστική άρνηση να πατήσω "finshed?" χωρίς να δω τουλάχιστον 2-3 ντοκιμαντέρ και τον Οκτώβρη του Eisenstein. Τώρα μπορώ να πω πως ο κύκλος του Οκτώβρη έχει ολοκληρωθεί όπως ακριβώς έπρεπε.

Πολύ καλό βιβλίο, χωρίς πολλές κουραστικές λεπτομέρειες, χωρίς περιττές περιγ��αφές και με μια ροή που ήταν σαν να διάβαζα μυθιστόρημα. Βέβαια τα γεγονότα δεν ήταν τόσο μυθιστορηματικά όπως στη Γαλλική επανάσταση, είχε όμως μια ιδιαίτερη γοητεία και με κράτησε σε αγωνία αφού δεν είχα και μεγάλη ιδέα για την ρωσική επανάσταση οπότε δεν ήξερα τι θα ακολουθήσει. Θα δώσω και τα εύσημα στον συγγραφέα, γιατί αν και αριστερών πεποιθήσεων κρατάει μια αντικειμενικότητα καθόλη την διάρκεια. Δεν προπαγανδίζει, δεν χρυσώνει το χάπι κανενός και αναφέρει την άποψη μόνο όταν χρειάζεται και έτσι δεν κατάντησε γραφικός και κουραστικός όπως πολύ φοβόμουν.

Κάτι άσχετο. Νόμιζα πως θα είχε κατεδαφιστεί η μισή Ρωσία, η έστω το Πέτρογκραντ. Τελικά στα γυρίσματα της ταινίας του Eisenstein, όπως ένας φίλος μου με πληροφόρησε, έσπασαν περισσότερα πράγματα από οτι στην επανάσταση...
Profile Image for Ian "Marvin" Graye.
928 reviews2,598 followers
January 24, 2020
A Month by Month Narrative of Locomotive History

“October" is a bit of a misnomer for this very readable historical narrative (or is it a narrative history?) of the Russian Revolution.

There are, in fact, separate chapters for each month from February to October, 1917, as well as a prologue for the prehistory of the revolution and an epilogue for the aftermath.

Karl Marx wrote that “revolutions are the locomotives of history.” Each chapter of China Mieville's book measures the progress of a revolutionary train journey as the locomotive passes through “stations along [the] line".

Revolution by Resolution

Each chapter pays close attention to the chronology, frequently mentioning the date of the month. There is a closely designed sequence of events, if not exactly an accounting of cause and effect. It doesn't follow one person's story. There is a greater sense of a collective at work. We witness assemblies, committees, conferences, congresses, meetings and sessions. There is less focus on workers fighting at the barricades than comrades, collaborators, delegates and deputies arguing the next step in a course of action. Each session is decided democratically by a vote, which is documented by a minute.

Often, the Bolsheviks have a minority of votes. They have to form a coalition or alliance, even temporarily, to pass a motion. This revolution, apparently, was carried out by resolution.

Mieville discusses a crucial meeting of the Central Executive Committee in these terms:

“Had there been any opposition to this final-second decision, the process could easily and reasonably have been denounced as inquorate and undemocratic.”

On the other hand, this is the relevant wording of the first of two Central Executive Committee resolutions to authorise the revolution in October:

"Recognising that an armed uprising is inevitable and the time fully ripe, the CC instructs all party organisations to be guided accordingly and to consider and decide all practical questions from this viewpoint.”

Kamenev opposed the motion, and tendered his resignation from the Central Executive Committee, while later publishing an explanation in Maxim Gorky's paper:

“At the present, the instigation of an armed uprising before and independent of the Soviet Congress would be an impermissible and even fatal step for the proletariat and the revolution.”

description

The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets 25-27 October 1917


Revolution With or Without Bourgeois or Anarchist Support

The socialists were split by two rival interpretations of the historical materialist theory of revolution. One believed that a middle class or bourgeois revolution must occur in Russia, before the working class can have its revolution. The other believed that the working class can leapfrog the middle class, and go straight from the feudal age to socialism, with or without the cooperation of the middle class.

Even if there is an intermediate bourgeois revolution, they questioned whether the socialists should participate in the state that would result from the revolution (“a state that might get things done"). Similarly, they questioned whether the anarchists should be entitled to participate in the government. The decision, in Mieville's words: “Up with these anarchists, they decided, they would not put.” (145)

As late as 20 June, Lenin stressed that “all talk of an immediate seizure of power was premature:”

“The time for such an adventure was not right.” (171)

In contrast, many of his supporters were “craving to rush into battle.” By October, power was within reach, so there was no purpose in compromise or cooperation. Trotsky agreed with Lenin: "the Bolsheviks must take power alone." Democracy was abandoned as a strategy, even before the revolution itself occurred, and a government was formed. Besides, the debate of differences in strategy and tactics could have lethal consequences:

“After the quasi-revolt of July, there came a spike in murders of a particular sort, a bleak social symptom. Murders born of political argument. The ill-tempered slanging matches of the day escalated abruptly into fights, even armed violence. After February, political debates had been fiery and exuberant. Now, they could be deadly.”

Ever the theorist and pamphleteer, Lenin wrote to Kamenev, “If I am done in, please publish my notebook ‘Marxism and the State'.”

When eventually published as “The State and Revolution", it would end: “It is more pleasant and useful to go through the experience of the revolution than to write about it.” (204)

A Civil War of Words

In late July, the Bolsheviks began to plot a new course, “a course that was predicated not on the strength and potential of the Soviets, but on the direct seizure of power by the workers and the party.”

Originally, they were motivated by the slogan, “All power to the Soviets.” By early August, they had adopted a new slogan: “Complete Liquidation of the Dictatorship of the Counterrevolutionary Bourgeoisie".

At this stage, “It was [still] a civil war of words.”

When the ministers of the Provisional Government are peacefully arrested and led away, they left behind them “their drafts of proclamations, crossed out, those criss-crosses meandering like the dreams of dictatorship into fanciful designs.” (302)

A Novel Perspective

Mieville frequently adds a touch of spice to the narrative. He says of a meeting attended by Kerensky:

“Not since Banquo had so unwelcome a ghost been at the table.”

This account is Mieville's novel perspective, if it isn't exactly a work of fiction. For that, I would recommend "Iron Council", a novel which also features a locomotive.

Mieville argues that “there have been a hundred years of crude, ahistorical, ignorant, bad-faith and opportunist attacks on October.” In contrast, he writes sympathetically, while acknowledging that there is a risk of falling into “apologia, special pleading, hagiography...and repeating such mistakes.” His account doesn't venture far from what is otherwise available (except in a stylistic respect), but it still recognises that “what might have been a sunrise becomes a sunset.”


SOUNDTRACK:

Rolling Stones - "All Down the Line"

https://youtu.be/vV8Yr6Z8uPU
Profile Image for foteini_dl.
534 reviews153 followers
November 2, 2017
[3.5*]
Ο Mieville γράφει στην εισαγωγή του βιβλίου:
«Έχει επικρατήσει πια στην ιστοριογραφία η αποδοκιμασία της όποιας χιμαιρικής “αντικειμενικότητας”, μιας αμεροληψίας στην οποία κανένας ιστορικός δεν μπορεί ή δεν οφείλει να εμμένει. Συνειδητά ακολουθώ τούτον τον όρο: αν και δεν είμαι, ελπίζω, δογματικός ή στερημένος από κριτική ματιά, είμαι μεροληπτικός. Στο ιστορικό αφήγημα που ακολουθεί έχω τους κακούς και τους καλούς μου. Αλλά, μολονότι δεν παριστάνω ότι κρατώ ουδέτερη στάση, έχω μοχθήσει να είμαι δίκαιος, και ελπίζω ότι αναγνώστες ποικίλων πολιτικών αντιλήψεων θα εκτιμήσουν την εξιστόρησή μου».
Σωστό,γιατί η ιστορία δεν μπορεί να είναι 100% αντικειμενική.Θα περιέχει και απόψεις αυτού που διηγείται/καταγράφει ένα ιστορικό γεγονός.Όπως γίνεται και εδώ.Αν κάποιος έχει μια επαφή με την περίοδο,μπορεί να καταλάβει πριν τελειώσει το βιβλίο πού τάσσεται ο συγγραφέας.Αν όχι,στο τέλος ξεκαθαρίζουν τα πράγματα.
Να παραθέσω μια προσωπική διαφωνία-χωρίς να είμαι ιστορικός,βέβαια- με το γεγονός ότι η Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση αναφέρεται ως «Ρωσική Επανάσταση».Με ξενίζει σαν όρος,γιατί ναι μεν τα γεγονότα που οδήγησαν στην Επανάσταση έγιναν κατά κύριο λόγο στη Ρωσία,αλλά έγιναν και διεργασίες σε μια σειρά άλλων χωρών πχ Πολωνία.Και ο αντίκτυπος της Επανάστασης-εκτός των άλλων-ήταν η δημιουργία της ΕΣΣΔ,που δεν περιείχε μόνο τη Ρωσία.Οπότε,θεωρώ ότι υποτιμάται έτσι ένα γεγονός που επηρέασε πολλές χώρες,εκατομμύρια ανθρώπους,έδειξε το δρόμο για κάτι που έδειξε τη δύναμη που μπορεί να έχουν οι αδικημένοι και πώς μια κοινωνία που δεν εκμεταλλεύεται τον άνθρωπο δεν είναι ουτοπία,αλλά πραγματοποιήσιμη.Εντέλει,μας έδειξε ότι το σύστημα που ξέρουμε είναι προβληματικό,πλέον.
Πάντως,ένας πολιτικοποιημένος,fantasy συγγραφέας (και geek) έγραψε ένα από τα πιο ενδιαφέροντα ιστορικά βιβλία για μια περίοδο εξαιρετικά ενδιαφέρουσα από μόνη της.Προτείνεται ανεπιφύλαχτα σε όσους δεν έχουν την παραμικρή ιδέα για αυτά τα γεγονότα.Απλή γραφή και ώρες-ώρες η ατμόσφαιρα του βιβλίου είναι τόσο ατμοσφαιρική,που ξεχνάς ότι αυτό είναι ένα ιστορικό βιβλίο.Σε σημείο το βιβλίο να είναι page-turner.Επίσης,δίνει στον αναγνώστη ώθηση για περαιτέρω εντρύφηση,με την βιβλιογραφία που προτείνει τόσο ο Mieville όσο και ο Μπαμπασάκης.Ηχηρή η επιλογή του συγγραφέα να μην προτείνει κείμενα της ίδιας της εποχής (πχ Λένιν• και έχει γράψει πολλά και σημαντικά ο άτιμος). Στα συν του βιβλίου,είναι οι λιγότερο γνωστές ιστορίες,στις οποίες δεν δίνεται ιδιαίτερη βάση (βλ. η καθιέρωση για όλες τις χώρες της επικράτειας το δικαίωμα ψήφου των γυναικών,η ισότητα των φύλων και ο μη υποχρεωτικός χαρακτήρας του χιτζάμπ στους μουσουλμανικούς πληθυσμούς).
100 χρόνια φέτος απ’την Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση.Ακόμα και το facebook στις 25/10 έβγαλε ειδικό πλαίσιο στις φωτό προφίλ για την ημέρα αυτή (κάτι το οποίο προφανώς δεν δείχνει τη σημασία της επετείου,αλλά στην εποχή των σόσιαλ μίντια χρίζει παρατήρησης). Ας μάθουμε για αυτή την περίοδο (και μετά το 1917,φυσικά),ας διδαχθούμε απ’ τα σωστά της και τα λάθη της ;όχι για επετειακούς λόγους,αλλά για να είμαστε έτοιμη σε μια πιθανή μελλοντική επαναστατική προσπάθεια.Όπως-σωστά-αναφέρει και ο συγγραφέας «το σταθερό μήνυμα του Οκτώβρη διακηρύσσει ότι τα πράγματα άλλαξαν μια φορά, και μπορούν κάλλιστα να αλλάξουν πάλι».
Profile Image for Stratos.
967 reviews112 followers
January 6, 2020
"Η επανάσταση του 1917 είναι μια επανάσταση τρένων. Η ιστορία προχωρεί με κλαγγές από κρύο μέταλλο. Το τροχήλατο παλάτι του τσάρου, που παραμερίστηκε στις βοηθητικές γραμμές στον αιώνα τον άπαντα. Το σφραγισμένο χωρίς πατρίδα τρένο του Λένιν. Τα τρένα που διέσχιζαν την Ρωσία γεμάτα λιποτάκτες. Το τεθωρακισμένο τρένο του Τρότσκι, τα τρένα της προπαγάνδας του Κόκκινου Στρατού, τα μεταγωγικά τρένα του Εμφυλίου Πολέμου. τρένα που καραδοκούν, τρένα που τρέχουν τρελά μέσα στα δάση, που βγαίνουν μέσα από το σκοτάδι"
"Οι επαναστάσεις είπε ο Μαρξ είναι οι ατμομηχανές της ιστορίας"
Το βιβλίο με τρόπο αναλυτικό ξεδιπλώνει την Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση. Γιατί και πως ξεκίνησε. Τι, πως και γιατί έγινε ότι έγινε μεταξύ πτώσης του Τσάρου και της κατάληψης των Χειμερινών Ανακτόρων από τα Σοβιέτ.Τι έγινε μετά με τον Λένιν και πως κατέληξε στην δικτατορία του Στάλιν.
"Θα ήταν μια παραλογισμός, μια γελοία μυωπία να εκλάβουμε τον Οκτώβρη σαν ένα απλό φακό μέσα από τον οποίον θα δούμε τους αγώνες της σημερινής εποχής" τονίζει εύστοχα ο συγγραφέας.
Εν κατακλείδι. Έχουν κυκλοφορήσει πολλά βιβλία σχετικά με την περίοδο αυτή ειδικά τα τελευταία 2-3 χρόνια. Όποιος ενδιαφέρεται θεωρώ απαραίτητο να διαβάσει τούτο το βιβλίο.
Profile Image for Michael Kotsarinis.
530 reviews141 followers
March 18, 2018
3.5/5

Ένα ιστορικό βιβλίο που διαβάζεται ως μυθιστόρημα είναι πάντα ευχάριστο ιδίως όταν πρόκειται για το χρονικό γεγονότων που έμελλαν να αλλάξουν την ιστορία και στη συνέχεια να "χαθούν" κατά κάποιο τρόπο από τα όσα ακολούθησαν.

Ο συγγραφέας από την αρχή του βιβλίου υποστηρίζει πως έχει μια αριστερή θεώρηση των πραγμάτων αλλά προσπαθεί να είναι δίκαιος. Τελειώνοντας το βιβλίο μπορώ να πω ότι το πετυχαίνει και με το παραπάνω. Δεν χαρίζεται σε κανέναν, επαναστάτη, αντεπαναστάτη ή "επαναστάτη" και όσα γράφει στον επίλογο είναι σκληρά και χωρίς παρωπίδες.

Το βιβλίο αυτό καθεαυτό καλύπτει τα γεγονότα του 1917 που οδήγησαν στον Οκτώβρη, στην ουσία το διάστημα από το Φεβρουάριο μέχρι και την 25η Οκτωβρίου. Αν και αναφέρονται γεγονότα από όλη τη χώρα, στην ουσία το βιβλίο επικεντρώνεται στο τότε Πέτρογκραντ, την πρωτεύουσα όπου χτυπούσε η καρδιά των γεγονότων.

Ίσως όσοι περιμένουν ένα πλήρες χρονικό της επαναστατικής Ρωσίας απογοητευτούν αλλά ο συγγραφέας προτείνει αρκετά βιβλία για όσους ενδιαφέρονται για παραπάνω. Προσωπικά αυτή η οπτική μου άρεσε, εστιάζει τη ματιά του αναγνώστη και δημιουργεί συνέχεια και ρυθμό. Ο συγγραφέας δεν αναλώνεται σε μακροσκελείς ιδεολογικές αναλύσεις, ούτε πέφτει στην παγίδα της υπερβολικής χρήσης κειμένων της εποχής κάνοντας το βιβλίο ιδιαίτερα προσιτό.

Εν κατακλείδι το θεωρώ ένα πολύ καλό βιβλίο στο οποίο διαβάζει κανείς τα πραγματικά γεγονότα της εποχής απογυμνωμένα από τη μετέπειτα μυθοποίηση ή δαιμονοποίησή τους.

A book about historical facts that have been mis-interprereted quite often and manages to be easy to read and accurate.
The book focuses on Petrograd, then capital of Russia and the events that took place from February to October 1917. It is not a full history of everything that happened everywhere and more importantly it doesn't examine the period after the 25th of October.
The author manages in my opinion to be honest and presents the people involved as accureately as possible. The book is free of boring political analysis but it conveys the main arguments clearly.
An interesting read for anyone who would like to have a clear idea of what happened then.
Profile Image for Marilena ⚓.
756 reviews73 followers
January 12, 2019
Δεν έχω ξαναδιαβάσει ιστορικό βιβλίο και θεωρώ ότι έκανα μια καλή αρχή, με αυτό εδώ.
Η γραφή είναι απλή και οι περιγραφές είναι τόσο ατμοσφαιρικές που ένιωθα ότι διάβαζα μυθιστόρημα.
Ο συγγραφέας, ενώ μπορούσε να αναλύει γεγονότα που θεωρούνται σημαντικά, δίνει έμφαση στην ουσία της επανάστασης και μόνο, με αποτέλεσμα να μην κουράζει τον αναγνώστη.

Σίγουρα το προτείνω σε όσους θέλουν να μάθουν γεγονότα για την Οκτωβριανή επανάσταση.
Profile Image for Julie Stielstra.
Author 5 books27 followers
January 31, 2020
I'd give this something like 1.666 stars. I didn't dislike it. I admire China Mieville a good deal. I am socialistic in my political leanings and have been fascinated by the Russian Revolution since high school. So I was eager to plunge into Mieville's trawl through that frantic, thrilling, scary year of 1917. The Prologue, "The Pre-History of 1917," encapsulates preceding decades, introducing a typically Russian enormous cast of characters (there IS a Glossary of Personal Names in the back, which helps... a little). Lenin, for example, is introduced thus: "He is a man easily mythologized, idolised, demonised. To his enemies, he is a cold, mass-murdering monster; to his worshippers, a godlike genius; to his comrades and friends, a shy, quick-laughing lover of children and cats." Mieville is good at this: swift, sharp little portraits. And he needs to be: this episode in history is so stuffed with noblemen, soldiers, students, intellectuals, politicans, generals, workers, leaders and followers and disrupters in a kaleidoscope of tumbling factions, parties, dumas, soviets, zemstvos, councils, splits and schisms, coalitions and fractures that there is precious little time to spend on any one of them. It all moves along at a breakneck pace, a whirlwind of victories (Pyrrhic and otherwise) and reversals, progress and loss. This certainly reflects the stunning course of events over days (even hours) and weeks, but... this reader kept gulping for air, coming up after pages with little understanding of what had just happened. I started, stopped, took a break, tried again, but on page 122 read this sentence: "...immediately after the April Days, the Seventh All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party...took place. There, Lenin added his new 'right' critique of the left to his left critique of the Bolshevik right." Understanding, naturally, that the Bolsheviks were the extreme left... I just couldn't do it any more. When Mieville takes a moment to slow down, as he does when Alexander's generals intercept him on his royal train to plead with him to abdicate, it is dramatic, tense, and even poignant, as the tsar agrees to abdicate in favor of his young son, only to be informed by the boy's physician that the boy is unlikely to live long enough to serve. This is why I don't want to say I "didn't like it." Perhaps it's my own impatience or lack of attention, but I simply got lost in the hubbub, and even Mieville's crisp, vivid, adjective-smart writing was not enough to hold me fast. Your mileage may vary.

juliestielstra.com
Profile Image for Jonfaith.
2,047 reviews1,683 followers
June 4, 2017
The old regime was vile and violent, while Russian liberalism was weak, and quick to make common cause with reaction. All the same, did October lead inexorably to Stalin? It is an old question, but one still very much alive. Is the gulag the telos of 1917?

The timing appears apt. A sunny Sunday in June begs for calm. Jihadis again rocked the night before. There is a thirst for deliverance in the air, again. Always. While I appreciate the urgency of the book, I am doubtful about the necessity. I applaud Miéville for the effort and especially the Further Reading section. His analysis is painfully fair but emotionally neutral. This measured approach is leery of ghosts: Bunny Wilson and Nabokov frothing in polemic, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, Figes making sock puppet accounts on Amazon to denounce authors. Shit, if I didn't exist would Orlando invent me? That's enough vanity for one day. Edward Crankshaw provided a solid narrative history of these events, as have many others. This isn't a waste of anyone's time, nor is it revelatory.
Profile Image for sologdin.
1,814 reviews776 followers
December 2, 2018
Pleasant to read a history of the Russian Revolution that is not entirely negative, such as Richard Pipes' unserious text that both laments the loss of the royal family and suggests an identity of Lenin and Hitler. My approach to the subject had been mostly influenced by detractors, such as rightwing numbnuts in the US or internal rightwing critiques such as Solzhenitsyn, or internal left critiques such as Bakhtin and Medvedev.

Some emphasis on the pre-history of serfdom and famines and the world war and monarchism and theocracy; on the revolutionary agitation prior to the Bolsheviks; on Bolshevik organization. The overall presentation is severity laced with humor, such as the description of the Bolshie/Menshie split:
It is in the twenty-second session of that gathering that a chasm opens between the delegates, a split remarkable not only for its depth, but also for the seeming triviality of its catalyst. The question is whether a party member should be one who 'recognises the party's programme and supports it by material means and by regular personal association under the direction of one of the party organisations' or 'by personal participation in one of the party organisations.' Martov demands the former. Lenin stakes all on the latter. (16)
Marvelous, how this anecdotes encapsulates the left generally--parliamentary procedure to a fault, highest stakes in the smallest moments, diremptive, self-destructive factionalism.

We see both Goethe's Faust and WEB DuBois in the revolutionary who describes how "two men were living inside of me: one who for the sake of the struggle for a better future for the workers was not afraid of sitting in the [jail of the] Peter and Paul Fortress and in Siberian exile: and another who had not fully liberated himself from the feeling of dependence and even fear" (26)--I hear you, comrade; two souls war within this double-breasted consciousness.

The world war broke all marxist hearts; Lenin called for "revolutionary defeatism - a socialist advocacy of the defeat of one's 'own' side in an imperialist war" (34); they got what they wanted, of course, and tsarism that February died amid an undecidable agambenian state of exception: "They were in a new city, in eruption, on Red Monday. The old law was dying, the new not yet decided" (50). The initial left response was collaboration with liberal governance: "As yet inchoate, this would be the start of a strange strain of self-limited politics" (58).

From there, Mieville traces month-by-month developments. It is not as detailed as Trotsky, but veteran novelist weaves a great narrative. Not a hagiography, this includes much critique, such as how certain persons "mitigated Lenin's typically splenetic denunciation of various enemies, including among liberals, the right, and non-Bolshevik socialists" (99); Mieville overall wants to "interrogate the revolution" (315). For his part, Lenin in March was of the opinion that the second stage of the revolution involved "taking political power, of winning over the Soviet, to ensure the victory of the (necessarily bourgeois, democratic) revolution" (98); socialism itself was over the horizon. While this was occurring, Pipes' protagonist Milyukov was advocating "in fulfillment of a long-held Russian expansionist dream, to gain Constantinople and the Dardanelles Straits" even while claiming to be a pacifist (102).

April saw the countryside descent into a state of exception, with narodnik realization of the dream of 'black repartition' (115-6). In May, Trotsky arrived (129)--but so also did "the phenomenon of samosudy, lynchings and mob justice" (132); the dyarchic government was focused on ending participation in the world war.

We see Mieville's lefty assessments shine through on occasion: on 2 July, the Bolsheviks sponsored an event "to raise money for anti-war literature for soldiers to take to the front with them. An astonishing provocation" (168). But also it is a populist leftism:
the Bolshevik leaders were still debating what to do, when word reached them that the armed masses were approaching. Someone in the room gasped: 'Without the sanction of the Central Committee?' To be radical was to lead others, surely, to change their ideas, to persuade them to follow you; to go neither too far or too fast, nor to lag behind. 'To patiently explain.' How easy to forget that people do not need or await permission to move. (173)
After these July "troubles," the government issued warrants for the arrest of its alleged organizers, "including Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Kollontai, and Lunarcharsky. To which list Trotsky, with typical twinkling arrogance, would soon demand to be added, a request the government granted" (189). At this point, Lenin described the Kerensky liberal government as "degenerating Bonapartism," a "balancing act between opposed social forces" (193). By August, the pro-monarchist restorationist forces confronted the government, "not a dialectical synthesis" but rather a crisis wherein "Kerensky and Kornilov were equally bad, but at that moment, Kornilov was more equally bad" (223); at this point, Mieville explains:
In Zurich earlier that year, trying to convert the Romanian poet Valeriu Marcu to revolutionary defeatism, Lenin had coaxed him with what would become a famous phrase. 'One must always,' he said, 'try to be as radical as reality itself.' And what is a radicalism that does not surprise? Reality, radical, now stunned him. (231)
Plenty more pathetic and inspiring. Red October is the cocoon bursting, the state of exception an incubation--"a rising of the masses of the people requires no justification" (298), according to Trotsky, one line to challenge the edifice of Derrida and Benjamin and Agamben. The epilogue makes clear the anti-stalinist bona fides.

Recommended for readers whose whole position is contradictory, those faithful to some autotelic cycle of committee-generative committees, and Baba Yagas screaming in to tear the world apart
Profile Image for Kevin.
353 reviews1,814 followers
October 13, 2020
The Good:
--Historical, blow-by-blow accounts have their uses, and Mieville uses his spellbinding storytelling talents to weave a tapestry of the months leading up to and the day of the October Revolution.
--For the purpose of learning about social change, I found the following particularly interesting:
1) Mieville suggests that Marx was rather cautious of his readers over-interpreting the stages of historical economic development he uses in his historical materialism. This ties in well with the portrayal of the various socialists (e.g. “legal Marxists”) who become swayed by Liberalism, because they assume Russia requires a bourgeois revolution prior to socialism.
2) Lenin’s application of theory to the changing landscape of the historical present, in the context of all the other sides, this is what weaved the story together for me. This was mostly in the first half of the book (as the latter half accelerates in action); particularly interesting was Lenin positioning the Bolsheviks as internationalists against imperial wars, even to the point of “revolutionary defeatism” (while your country is imperialist, supporting the loss of your country) at a certain point. And of course, Lenin’s sense the “political moment”, of “fracture” and “traction”…

The Missing:
--As this is an event-driven historical account, in-depth analysis is missing. In particular, I did not get a clear picture of Trotsky and his theory of “permanent revolution”, as well has his debates with Lenin (I have many questions after watching this critique of Trotsky: https://youtu.be/CLiC3of0Oco old review, I need to update this...).
--Based on the scope of this book’s timeline, I found so many questions only mentioned in the Epilogue. In particular, how do we critically account for “bureaucratization” and use of violence in the face of hostilities? The book details the Black Hundreds, and various reactionary aggression. So much left to be unpacked regarding how defense was implemented against the imperialist aggression during the Civil War, and later against the conquering Nazi war machine.
--One last discussion: theorizing, organizing, and practicing alternative social relations outside of the revolution, especially before the revolution and not waiting for after the revolution, as mentioned by the fabulous Vijay Prashad: https://youtu.be/SS4YoxoswFQ
Profile Image for Susan.
2,910 reviews577 followers
December 9, 2019
This is a fast moving book, which leads the reader towards the October revolution. It is not an academic read, but the author does give events a real sense of immediacy and action. I think it would be a good introduction to the Russian Revolution, as it manages to pack a huge amount into a fairly short book.

What the book lacks in detail, it does make up with in story telling ability. In a way, this almost reads like a novel, as you hurtle, in breakneck pace, through one of the most turbulent times in history.
Profile Image for Alexander Theofanidis.
1,412 reviews107 followers
December 4, 2023
Παρά το γεγονός ότι τον Miéville τον γνωρίσαμε και τον αγαπήσαμε για τη γόνιμη φαντασία του και την εξαιρετική ικανότητά του να την περνάει στο χαρτί, εδώ τα πράγματα είναι διαφορετικά...

Ο "Οκτώβρης" (παρά το γεγονός ότι περιέχει ελάχιστο "Οκτώβρη" κι αυτόν στο τέλος), είναι ένα πολύ καλογραμμένο "οδοιπορικό" της Ρωσικής περιόδου πολιτικής αναταραχής που οδήγησε στην Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση του 1917, την πρώτη Σοσιαλιστική Επανάσταση (και την οριστική πτώση της δυναστείας των Ρομανόφ που κρατούσε τη χώρα σε ημι-φεουδαλική κατάσταση).

Χωρίς να περιορίζεται στα γεγονότα του 1917 (ξεκινάει από νωρίτερα, περιλαμβάνοντας το 1883 και το 1905 μεταξύ άλλων) και καταγράφει με ελαφρώς μυθιστορηματικό τρόπο αλλά χωρίς ποτέ να ξεφεύγει από την ιστορική νηφαλιότητα, τα πρόσωπα και τις καταστάσεις που ξεχωρίζουν στους ταραγμένους εκείνους καιρούς, ακόμη και περσόνες που η ιστορία έχει καταδικάσει σε υποσημειώσεις, χωρίς να στήνει αδριάντες και χωρίς να υπερτονίζει ρόλους, με ματιά διεισδυτική και κριτική, αν και δύσκολα θα μπορούσε να το χαρακτηρίσει κανείς "επιστημονικό" ιστορικό πόνημα, ωστόσο είναι ένα χρήσιμο "εναρκτήριο" βήμα για όσους θέλουν να ασχοληθούν με την ιστορία της σοβιετικής ένωσης γενικότερα και της επανάστασης του 1917 ειδικότερα.

Πέρα από την ίδια την ιστορία που καταγράφει, ο συγγραφέας θέτει και μερικά πολύ χρήσιμα ερωτήματα στο τέλος του βιβλίου, σημαντικότερο απ' όλα για μένα το εξής: "Ο Οκτώβρης ήταν αναπόδραστο να οδηγήσει στον Στάλιν; Είναι τα γκουλάγκ εξέλιξη του 1917;", ερωτήματα που συνήθως προκαλούν εκρήξεις αναφυλαξίας σε Σταλινοφρουρούς και οπαδούς του μονολιθικού δυσλειτουργικού μοντέλου του ανελεύθερου μονοκομματικού κράτους τρόμου, αστυνόμευσης και παράνοιας που επικράτησε μετά το θάνατο του Λένιν και του διωγμού του Τρότσκι.

Σίγουρα αξίζει να διαβαστεί και σίγουρα αξίζει κανείς να ψαχτεί μετά από πλευράς βιβλιογραφίας.
Profile Image for Tudor Ciocarlie.
457 reviews223 followers
June 22, 2017
Chine Mieville at his best! This book about what was probably the most interesting period in the history of Europe since tumultuous years of the fall of the Roman Republic, is easily the best book about the Russian Revolution that I've ever read.
Profile Image for Sarah Jaffe.
Author 7 books994 followers
August 12, 2017
So good. And on the advice of some friends, audiobooked it, mostly over a two-day road trip, and it's quite compelling as an audiobook--the story rolls inexorably on, the turns and twists and all the almost- moments. More history-as-novel, please!
Profile Image for Terence.
1,233 reviews449 followers
August 20, 2017
October is a narrative account of that fraught year of 1917 when myriad groups brought down the tsar in February and the Bolsheviks brought down the Provisional Government in October (according to the Julian calendar). For me, the most telling aspects of the tale are the lack of coordination and the contingency of both revolutions. Everyone was riding the tiger but it was the Bolsheviks who rode it most adroitly. Which isn’t saying much as it was most often circumstance and pressure from below that forced any of the factions to take action. In my readings about similar events, I’ve found that this is often the case. Toppling a regime, much less revamping an entire society, is a risky affair and even the most dedicated man (or woman) – Lenin, say – hesitates before taking that step off the cliff.

How different the world would be if there had been no Lenin. How different if the Allies hadn’t bankrolled the White armies and inflicted civil war on an exhausted Russia. How different due to a number of possibilities known and unknown. But as Miéville notes, for a moment everything seemed possible:

“October, for an instant, brings a new kind of power. Fleetingly, there is a shift toward workers’ control of production and the rights of peasants to the land. Equal rights for men and women in work and in marriage, the right to divorce, maternity support. The decriminalisation of homosexuality, 100 years ago. Moves toward national self-determination. Free and universal education, the expansion of literacy. And with literacy comes a cultural explosion, a thirst to learn, the mushrooming of universities and lecture series and adult schools. A change in the soul…as much as in the factory. And though those moments are snuffed out, reversed, become bleak jokes and memories all too soon, it might have been otherwise.” (p. 317)


Recommended. Don’t be put off by the plethora of names, parties and ad hoc committees. I doubt the participants could follow everyone and everything. Stick with the general course of events and you’ll get a good idea of what happened.

PS - I was reminded of while writing this of Miéville's novel, Un Lun Dun, which also dealt with the contingency of events and the indeterminancy of history. Also recommended.
Profile Image for Constantinos Capetanakis.
115 reviews48 followers
February 28, 2021
3.5*

Αξιόλογο βιβλίο για τους τόσο γεμάτους μήνες του 1917 έως τον κοσμο-ιστορικό Οκτώβριο της Ρωσικής επανάστασης. Αξίζει σίγουρα την ανάγνωση, χωρίς να προσποιείται ότι είναι ιστορικό πόνημα, που σίγουρα δεν είναι. Δίνει όμως έμφαση σε όλα τα σημαντικά γεγονότα, τις παλινωδίες, τα κίνητρα και τις αλληλεπιδράσεις. Ο δε επίλογος, είναι, ξεκάθαρα κατά την άποψή μου, το καλύτερο κομμάτι του βιβλίου. Εκεί, ο μαρξιστής Μιεβίλ, κάνει την γνωστή «αυτοκριτική»... Και είναι διεισδυτική, δεικτική και αρκετά ειλικρινής.

Δεν πιστεύω ότι ο συγγραφέας άφησε χωρίς να αναφέρει ούτε μία από τις εκατοντάδες συνελεύσεις οποιασδήποτε επιτροπής υπο-επιτροπής, αριστερού ή μη κόμματος, πολιτικού σχηματισμού ή παραφυάδας, εργοστασιακών, στρατιωτικών, αγροτικών σωματείων. Όπως και τα αποτελέσματα των κρίσιμων ψηφοφοριών. Με αναφορά όλων των ψήφων. Μετά από κάποιο σημείο βέβαια γίνεται λίγο κουραστικό.

Έχει γραφτεί εδώ ότι ο Μιεβίλ είναι αντικειμενικός. Δεν είναι, καθόλου, και εξ ορισμού δεν θα μπορούσε να είναι. Ο ίδιος, άλλωστε, το δηλώνει ξεκάθαρα, στον πρόλογο του βιβλίου. Είναι μαρξιστής και παίρνει σαφή θέση, κρίνει υπέρ και κατά των πρωταγωνιστών και των καταστάσεων. Με εξαίρεση τον επίλογο, όπου προφανώς και του ήταν αδύνατον να μην παραδεχτεί τα όσα έγιναν μετά τον Οκτώβριο, κατά τη διάρκεια του βιβλίου, οι προσωπικές κρίσεις για τους μπολσεβίκους ήταν μετρημένες, οι άλλες, για τους «απέναντι» αμέτρητες. Δεν μπορεί να μην παραδεχτεί όμως κάποιος ότι δεν είχε καθόλου αρνητικά σχόλια σε προφανή λάθη των αγαπημένων του ηρώων. Είχε, ελάχιστα και επιλεκτικά βέβαια, αλλά είχε.

Καθώς η ελληνική έκδοση είχε εξαντληθεί, το διάβασα στα αγγλικά. Η γλώσσα του είναι σε σημεία στρυφνή, χωρίς λόγο. Λέξεις εξεζητημένες και υπερβολικά λόγιες, σε σημείο εξαφάνισης, σύνταξη ορισμένες φορές πολυδαίδαλη. Ο στόχος πρόσκαιρου εντυπωσιασμού και πομπώδους έκφρασης είναι σε σημεία ευκρινής.

Ελάχιστη, μόλις μετά βίας εγκυκλοπαιδικής προσέγγισης, αναφορά στην ουσία του «σφραγισμένου τρένου» του Λένιν και στους λόγους που ώθησαν τους Γερμανούς να το προσφέρουν. Ούτε στο πως οι ξένοι έβλεπαν το κίνημα των μπολσεβίκων. Το βιβλίο είναι βέβαια μία ακτινογραφία της επανάστασης, εκ των έσω, με την γνώριμη μελαγχολία, περήφανη παραδοχή κάποιων, έστω, λανθασμένων υπολογισμών (όχι λαθών...).

Τον Λένιν τον αναλύει και τον κρίνει με επάρκεια και θάρρος. Δεν ξέρω αν στην ελληνική μετάφραση αναφέρεται η γνωστή πλέον σε εμάς «κωλοτούμπα», για εκείνες τις περιπτώσεις μεταστροφής της γνώμης και στάσης του Λένιν, στο αγγλικό όμως κείμενο υπάρχει, δυο-τρεις φορές μάλιστα, μία αρκετά κοντινή της.

Η μεταφορά της ατμόσφαιρας στην Α. Πετρούπολη, στην επαρχία, στο μέτωπο του πολέμου, είναι εξαιρετική. Ο λογοτέχνης και όχι ο ερασιτέχνης ιστορικός έχει εδώ το πάνω χέρι και οι περιγραφές του είναι ζωντανές. Όλες οι συνελεύσεις που περιγράφει (ίσως όχι όλες, αφού περιγράφει εκατοντάδες), τα περισσότερα από τα πρόσωπα που πρωταγωνίστησαν (ακόμα και ο απόλυτος εχθρός, για τον Μίεβιλ, Κερένσκυ, ακόμα περισσότερο και από τον ίδιο τον τσάρο, νομίζω) μεταφέρονται σχεδόν κινηματογραφικά, με cliff-hanger στιγμές και αλλαγές στα υπο-κεφάλαια που διατηρούν την προσοχή και το ενδιαφέρον.

Ο Μιεβίλ δίνει αρκετό –ορθά- χώρο στον Α’ ΠΠ και την επίδραση του στην επανάσταση, πρώτα του Φεβρουαρίου (χάρηκα που αποδίδει σε αυτήν, την πρώτη, επανάσταση, την τεράστια σημασία που της αναλογεί) και στους τόσο γεμάτους, πολιτικά, μήνες που οδήγησαν στον Οκτώβριο.

Γενικώς συγκαταλέγεται στα δημοφιλή αναγνώσματα που εκδόθηκαν για τα 100 χρόνια της επανάστασης, το 2017 και καταλαβαίνω τους λόγους. Δίνει επίσης ώθηση, για όσους από εμάς ενδιαφέρει να μελετήσουμε το θέμα παραπάνω, για την ανάγνωση/μελέτη επιπλέον βιβλίων. Παρόλο που ο κατάλογος προτεινόμενων βιβλίων είναι αρκετά εκτενής, και εδώ η στράτευση του συγγραφέα είναι ευκρινής και στα σχόλια του επί του κάθε βιβλίου δεν αντιστέκεται από το να εκφέρει την προσωπική του άποψη.

Καθώς όμως δεν προσποιείται ούτε στιγμή ότι είναι ο ίδιος ιστορικός ή ότι το βιβλίο του είναι επιστημονικό, ούτε ότι του ήταν εύκολο να προσπαθήσει, έστω, να είναι αντικειμενικός, μπορούμε να του δώσουμε τα εύσημα ότι πράγματι προσπάθησε και ότι σε ένα ικανοποιητικό βαθμό, τα κατάφερε.
Profile Image for Nasia.
423 reviews106 followers
December 20, 2021
Δεν είμαι καλή στο να μεταφέρω με δικά μου λόγια βιβλία με ιστορικό περιεχόμενο. Θα προσπαθήσω να σας μεταφέρω όμως το κλίμα. Βρισκόμαστε τον Φλεβάρη του 1917 και πέφτει ο τσάρος, δημιουργείται προσωρινή κυβέρνηση και ο λαός βρίσκεται σε αναβρασμό. Ξεκινάει το βιβλίο μας. Μαθαίνουμε τις συνθήκες που συνέτρεξαν, ώστε να πέσει ο τσάρος, μαθαίνουμε τι συμβαίνει στις τάξεις των μπολσεβίκων, των μενσεβίκων, των εσέρων, των ναροντνικών. Μέρα με την μέρα, γεγονός το γεγονός, οδηγούμαστε στην επανάσταση του Οκτώβρη. Μαθαίνουμε μέσα από μια πολύ πυκνή και λεπτομερή περιγραφή, που ρέει απίστευτα εύκολα, τι γεγονότα έφεραν τον λαό στην κατάσταση που τον έφτασε στην ένοπλη εξέγερση. Το ανάκτορο πέφτει, το προλεταριάτο παίρνει την εξουσία!

Το βρήκα παρα παρα πολυ ενδιαφέρον, σίγουρα όχι απόλυτα αντικειμενικό, αλλά μια πολύ καλή αρχή για καποι@ που ενδιαφέρεται να μάθει για την πολύ ενδιαφέρουσα περίοδο της ιστορίας. Ο συγγραφέας φαίνεται πολύ καλά διαβασμένος, μας δίνει πολλές αναφορές και εναυμα για παραπάνω διάβασμα. Είναι ένας αρκετά πλήρης οδηγός θα έλεγα προς την ιστορία της περιόδου αυτής και το προτείνω σίγουρα (παρότι δεν είμαι για κανενα λόγο ειδικός σε βιβλία ιστορικού περιεχομένου).

Φαν φακτ, παρότι ξερω ρωσικά, δεν είχα συνδέσει ποτέ την λέξη μπολσεβίκος με τα γνωστά σε όλους μπολσοί (το επίθετο αυτό σημαίνει μεγάλος) ούτε και ότι μπόλσεστβο σημαίνει πλειοψηφία 🤯
Profile Image for Ian.
240 reviews7 followers
January 7, 2018
This relatively short non-fiction book by novelist China Miéville tells the story of the Russian Revolution in 1917, in particular the Bolshevik seizure of power in October . Miéville is a socialist in the Leninist tradition himself (I understand him to have been a member of the Socialist Workers Party in the UK until the Comrade Delta unpleasantness) so his version of the narrative is more pro-Bolshevik than that of other historians (where even in books by relatively dispassionate academic historians it is still hard not to see Lenin and co. as the Bad Guys of 1917). That makes for a useful corrective though reading the book it is still hard not to see the Bolsheviks' takeover as a wrong turn away from something more pluralist and democratic.

The book is however frustrating in its focus on the events of 1917. It deals with subsequent events cursorily in an epilogue, which is unfortunate as the horrific civil war and accompanying famine that followed October were crucial formative experiences for the Bolshevik regime.

Miéville is a novelist rather than a professional historian but the book generally feels like it has been written in a reasonably rigorous manner. However, I did spot one statement that appears to be either an accidental mistake or a deliberate falsehood designed to justify Bolshevik actions. In January 1918 the Bolsheviks dissolved the Constituent Assembly, the first democratically elected parliamentary body in Russia's history. The Bolsheviks had failed to win a majority in the assembly elections, even with parties they were then in alliance with. Miéville says that the Constituent Assembly elections took place before the Bolsheviks had seized power and so did not reflect the new context. However every other source I have ever come across puts the Constituent Assembly elections as having taken place in late November 1917, after the October Revolution and the formation of the Bolshevik government. This makes me somewhat suspicious of Miéville's relationship to problematic facts elsewhere in the book.

For that reason I would not recommend this book to someone who is not already familiar with events in the Russian revolution. As noted above, the book's focus on events in 1917 to the exclusion of those later is also problematic. While this is an interesting book, someone looking for a broader and more reliable account of the revolution in its entirety should go elsewhere.
Profile Image for Squire.
438 reviews6 followers
May 26, 2017
When I first heard China Miéville was coming out with a book on the Russian Revolution of 1917, I was excited to see how he would turn it into a SF novel. Of course , he didn't. This is a straight forward account of the two revolutions of 1917 (February, when Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate his throne and October when the workers/peasants of Russia overthrew the Provisional Government and attempted to establish a purely socialist society) and the turbulent months between.

But Mieville brings a novelist's sensibility to the whole affair that makes it exciting and suspenseful to read. It can be pretty dense with its political players and the shifting attitudes of each, but Miéville writes for the average reader and his distillation of this complex and bloody time is very approachable. As a former member of England's Socialist Party, I was expecting Miéville to deliver a one-sided account of the events, but he does a fine job of being objective though out. In fact, the events become an epic (and bloody) comedy of errors under his narration--unintentionally, I'm sure.

I can count my socialist and communist sympathies on the big toe of my left hand, but I came away with a greater understanding of the events of 1917 and appreciation for their influence in today's world; and since these are the events that inspired Miéville all his life, I can see their influence in his writings.

I'm sure there are more scholarly books on 1917 out there, but this one will suffice for me. But I can't wait for Miéville to get back to writing challenging sci-fi.
Profile Image for Dimitra Maranti.
24 reviews5 followers
November 11, 2017
Για ανθρώπους σαν κι εμένα που έχουν μια συγκεχυμένη αίσθηση της ιστορίας και βαριούνται - με ντροπή το παραδέχομαι- να διαβάσουν καθαρά ιστορικά βιβλία, είναι το κατάλληλο ανάγνωσμα γιατί μεταφέρει τα γεγονότα με έναν τρόπο μυθιστορηματικό, ατμοσφαιρικές περιγραφές και με αναφορές σε λιγότερα σημαντικά γεγονότα που προσδίδουν έναν λογοτεχνικό χαρακτήρα στο όλο εγχείρημα.
Οφείλω να πώ ότι οι αναγνώστες που διαθέτουν μια ικανοποιητική γνώση της ιστορίας μπορεί να απογοητευτούν- στο σπίτι μας υπήρχαν διαφωνίες για κάποια γεγονότα που δεν αναφέρθηκαν-, όπως κι εκείνοι που αναζητούν μια αντικειμενική παράθεση γεγονότων- ο συγγραφέας το ξεκαθαρίζει από την αρχή ότι μεροληπτεί. Παρόλα αυτά νομίζω ότι όσοι αναζητούν να μάθουν κάτι παραπάνω για την Οκτωβριανή επανάσταση μπορούν να ξεκινήσουν από εδώ...
Profile Image for Brad.
Author 3 books1,837 followers
May 28, 2018
All the while I was reading Mieville's history of the October Revolution, I was plotting a big review that would do the subject justice, something political, something timely, something incendiary, but now that I have reached the end, I am going to do something more muted.

October: The Story of the Russian Revolution is beautifully told. China Mieville has turned it into a thrilling narrative wherein all the major players of the twentieth century's most important revolutionary moment appear with all their foibles and flaws intact. Heroic moments get their due, major errors get the criticism they deserve, the factions and rivalries are all on display, and the dual revolutions that led to the C.C.C.P. move along without the feeling of overwhelming inevitably I expected from an history for which I already knew the outcome.

There is even a hint of Mieville's penchant for evoking cities in his descriptions of revolutionary Petrograd. Yet even with its decidedly Mievillian elements, it is a wonderful break from his often opaque and challenging fiction. There is clarity here: clarity of purpose, clarity of plot, clarity of character. Mieville, when forced to work with already existing elements, can write in a way that can appeal to most anyone.

The finest part of October comes at the very end, however, when Mieville talks about what was to come after the heady days of Communist victory, of how egos and errors within the Bolshevik ranks married to outside intervention (and there was plenty of that, though most people never discuss it or credit it) led to the rise of Stalinism. He tells of how nothing was inevitable. He explains why, even with its betrayal by Stalin and eventual collapse, the revolution was a truly great moment, a hopeful moment, and a light we should look to to remember that there can be and are other ways to govern ourselves. That the way we live is not the only way. It was a welcome reminder for me.

I wish, however, that this had just been a volume in an overarching history of the Soviet Union by China Mieville. What a tale for his voice to tell.
Profile Image for Alan.
1,211 reviews147 followers
February 13, 2018
After a brief Introduction, during which China Miéville acknowledges his partisan and by no means dispassionate perspective on the Russian Revolution, October becomes instantly fascinating—just as promised,
It is, rather, a short introduction for those curious about an astonishing story, eager to be caught up in the revolution's rhythms. Because here it is precisely as a story that I have tried to tell it.
—p.2

Miéville's usual inventiveness is here constrained by history, but his typically baroque vocabulary and style are not. October is infectiously readable, despite or perhaps even because of its many, many sentence fragments. He brings enormous energy and compassion, and mountains of research, to this project, and it shows on every page.

Alas, not even Miéville can force the endlessly fractionating factions of revolutionary fervor—like some grim, life-or-death Monty Python sketch—to remain fascinating forever. What begins as a stirring tale of popular rebellion against an autocratic monarchy soon disintegrates into a bewildering whirl of proclamations and pronouncements from committees and congresses whose differences in doctrine, in which phrases like "grudging counter-counterrevolutionary collaboration" (p.206) actually come to seem like clear descriptions, are as microscopic as they are kaleidoscopic. And it doesn't help (or at least it didn't help this reader) that Miéville uses the terms "left" and "right" in ways that are accurate but profoundly alien to the way they're currently used in the good ole U.S. of A.

This is not Miéville's fault... however, as every revolutionary forms his own Party of one, or seems to, the narrative of October definitely bogs down.

And although Miéville tries very hard to include the women who helped make the revolution happen—figures like Alexandra Kollontai and Maria Spiridonova—history, it seems, is made by the Viktors, not the Viktoriyas. The names that show up in October most repeatedly are overwhelmingly male.

To be a radical was to lead others, surely, to change their ideas, to persuade them to follow you; to go neither too far or too fast, nor to lag behind. "To patiently explain." How easy to forget that people do not need or await permission to move.
—p.173


The story of October ends in triumph—with the birth of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics—but Miéville acknowledges in his Epilogue, however reluctantly, that a rosy view of Red victory is not entirely sustainable:
We know where this is going: purges, gulags, starvation, mass murder.
—p.307
Even so, Miéville goes on to insist that the march from Trotsky and Lenin to starvation and Stalinism—not to mention the later emergence of so many post-Soviets for whom any government is either an obstacle to be evaded or a tool to be used for personal gain—was not a straight line, nor an inevitable consequence of the revolution:
October is still ground zero for arguments about fundamental, radical social change. Its degradation was not a given, was not written in any stars.
—p.307


Ultimately, I did like Miéville's tale of this century-old revolution... and despite my deep reservations about its aftermath, I do think that October is an important addition to the works that have already been written about this time, a time when anything—when everything—truly seemed possible.
Profile Image for Miloš Petrik.
Author 29 books32 followers
July 28, 2017
It's a rare occurrence that a non-fictionalized telling of historical events is so engrossing and so easy to read. The events of October 1917 are dramatic enough as they are, in their driest, most stylistically reduced form, but this book offers a concise and accurate retelling.

What sold me the most on this, notwithstanding my being a long-time fan of the author, is the approach without pretense at objectivity, but with every attempt at fairness. The political positions of various actors are made clear, the motivations well explained, and the sequence of events laid out in precise detail, though shy of true documentarianism. The author provides a long list of non-fictional sources for those so inclined.

The essence of the work is the fable of October, the utopian dream in the minds of the various fractions of the revolutionaries: the realization of that simple fact that a better world is possible. So often do authors of fantasy attempt to portray political conflict, and fail - either for reasons of taking sides, of painting parties as "good" or "evil", or for reasons of lack of complexity of political convictions. October is proof positive, alongside much of the author's corpus, that stories dealing mainly with political events can be informative and to the point, comprehensive and complex without being long-winded, and riveting from the first page.
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