2022

NY9753 : Ruin near site of Acton High Mill

taken 2 years ago, near to Coalpits Grange, Northumberland, England

Ruin near site of Acton High Mill
Ruin near site of Acton High Mill
The ruin is named as Acton Mill on the first edition OS map (1865).

The OS Name Book (c.1860) describes "A cottage and garden so called from the Smelting Mill which formerly stood near here" LinkExternal link Archive LinkExternal link

A property shown as High Actonmill, about 250m to the north-east, is described in the Name Books as "A small cottage with garden attached occupying a very bleak situation. It derives its name from a Smelting Mill which formerly stood South East of this cottage". LinkExternal link Archive LinkExternal link
Acton High & Low Lead Smelt Mills :: NY9853

Two lead smelting mills along the Acton Burn are referred to in the historical record: Acton High (Old) Mill and Acton Low (New) Mill. However, there appears to be some confusion between the sites in the archaeology literature. I discuss here four locations, in order from north to south, all west of Acton Burn, west and south of Actonmill Bridge on the B6306 road to Blanchland (NY 9810 5343).

1. High Actonmill
An extant ruined building located at NY 9770 5358. It is shown and named as High Actonmill on the first edition OS map.
Keys to the Past (N8434): LinkExternal link
Archaeology Data Service: LinkExternal link
K2P describes: "This is the site of an 18th and 19th century lead mine. The ruins of a house and attached buildings can be seen. Lots of slag can be seen in the area, suggesting that lead was smelted at the site."
The longer record at ADS, has two descriptions. The first describes: "Leat ending above an area of bare polluted land with black glassy slag and scattered thin housebricks. One stone foundation visible. Consists of leat, housing, slag, foundation. Precise site of smeltmill not apparent." The second: "Ruins of a house and attached farmbuildings, with remains of walls of attached fields, and privy attached to existing wall to north east. 18th and early 19th century. Built of coursed rubble and roughly-squared stone, some cut dressings."
There is no evidence at this site of any lead mining or smelting. The only leat visible in the vicinity is outside the field to the west (NY 9754 5360), shown on the 1st edition OS map, as an aqueduct taking water from the Acton Burn near Slatequarry Cleugh (NY 9636 5446) a long distance south to Shildon (north of Blanchland). The map shows two short sections of water-courses, probably feeding the aqueduct from local springs, at approx. NY 9747 5350. This aqueduct crosses Potter Burn in the vicinity of Lucy Stilton's Spring at NY 9711 5333.
The OS Name Book (c.1860) describes High Actonmill as "A small cottage with garden attached occupying a very bleak situation. It derives its name from a Smelting Mill which formerly stood South East of this cottage". LinkExternal link Archive LinkExternal link

2. Acton Mill
An extant ruined building located at NY 9794 5344, about 270m SE of High Actonmill. It is shown and named as Acton Mill on the first edition OS map.
The OS Name Book (c.1860) describes "A cottage and garden so called from the Smelting Mill which formerly stood near here" LinkExternal link Archive LinkExternal link
Keys to the Past (N8435): LinkExternal link
Archaeology Data Service: LinkExternal link
K2P describes: "These are the ruins of an 18th century house which was once part of a lead mill. The site of a wheel pit can also be seen. There are also the earthwork remains of other buildings though their purpose in not known."
ADS has two descriptions. The first: "Slight above ground building ruins, part incorporated into a sheep-fold. Wheelpit and storage bay discernible. No visible slag or flue. Possible head race visible some distance up Acton Burn. Slight earthwork roadway. Identified as smeltmill on 1st ed OS map, but no evidence of smelting." This appears to be a dscription of the Acton Low Mill and is not relevent here.
The second description is "Ruins of the eastern part of an 18th century house at Acton Mill. Possibly extended to the west in early 19th century. Built of coursed roughly-squared stone with cut quoins. Ruins of field walls to the west. To the south are rectilinear earthworks which may indicate other buildings". This would be a correct description of the remains. The building may have originally been built as part of Acton High Smelt Mill or used masonry when that structure was demolished.

3. Acton High Smelt Mill
No extant remains but clearly disturbed ground with probable building platforms, slag heaps and areas of bare ground on land at the confluence of Acton & Potter Burns, just west of the road at NY 9806 5338, about 140m SE of the Acton Mill ruin. The possibility of buildings here is indicated on satellite imagery, LIDAR and on the ground.
Keys to the Past (N8490): LinkExternal link describes: "Piles of earth and other material associated with areas of mining to the west can be seen at this site."
The location is in agreement with the location of the High Smelt Mill indicated on J.M. Dodd's 'Plan of Acton Burn showing location of old and new mills', Fig 44 (Pirt & Dodds 2002).
Observation on the ground of a feature shown on the 1st edition OS map as a linear marsh indicate a probable water leat (or linear reservoir) fed from the Acton Burn to the north (around NY 9789 5371) leading to what could be a deep water course about 60m east of the Acton Mill ruin, just north of the modern track (NY 9800 5345). If this is not a later feature, a water supply from here could have provided a source of power to the Acton High Smelt Mill site to the south-east.

4. Acton Low Smelt Mill (NY 98235 52987)
Described in K2P as "The ruins of a large lead-smelting mill stand on the west bank of Acton Cleugh. They were probably built in the 18th century".
Keys to the Past (N8487): LinkExternal link Archive LinkExternal link
ADS describes: "Ruins of a lead smelting mill on west bank of Acton Cleugh, 400m south of Actonmill Bridge. Extensive but low ruins, of coursed roughly-squared stone, somewhat confused by late 19th century washfold built over part of the site".
Archaeology Data Service: LinkExternal link
The location of Acton Low Smelt Mill is shown on J.M. Dodd's 'Plan of Acton Burn showing location of old and new mills', Fig 44 (Pirt & Dodds 2002) where a water-course is shown running from the confluence of the Potter & Acton Burns to a position just west of the mill. The first edition OS shows "Old Smelting Mill' but not the water-course.

OS 6" Northumberland Sheet CVIII Surveyed: 1860, Published: 1865 LinkExternal link
OS 6" Northumberland Sheet CIII Surveyed: 1860, Published: 1865 LinkExternal link
OS 25" Revised: 1895, Published: 1896 LinkExternal link
Northern Mine Research Society: LinkExternal link Archive LinkExternal link
British Mining Monograph No.70: Lead Mining in the Derwent Valley by W.K. Pirt & J.M. Dodds (2002), Northern Mine Research Society. LinkExternal link Archive LinkExternal link


Creative Commons Licence [Some Rights Reserved]   © Copyright Andrew Curtis and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.
This photo is linked from: Automatic Clusters: · Near site of Acton High Mill [10] · High Actonmill Ruin [7] Other Photos: · View to ruin of Acton Mill from north-east Title Clusters: · Ruin near site of Acton High Mill [4] ·
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NY9753, 37 images   (more nearby 🔍)
Photographer
Andrew Curtis   (more nearby)
Date Taken
Saturday, 8 October, 2022   (more nearby)
Submitted
Sunday, 9 October, 2022
Subject Location
OSGB36: geotagged! NY 9794 5344 [10m precision]
WGS84: 54:52.5432N 2:2.0178W
Camera Location
OSGB36: geotagged! NY 97951 53454
View Direction
South-southwest (about 202 degrees)
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Image Type (about): geograph  · First in 5 Years (TPoint) (about)
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