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Ushaw College had its foundations in the English College, Douai, and was established on its present site in the early 19th century as a seminary for Catholic clergy, when it was known as St Cuthbert's College. It expanded in the second half of the century to such an extent that Pope Pius IX pronounced that it seemed more like a town than a college. Much of the architecture was due to Augustus Pugin and his sons.

The College closed in 2011 owing to a shortage of candidates for the priesthood and in 2014 reopened as an arts and heritage centre. It retains strong links with the University of Durham.