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    Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors
    Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors
    Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors
    Ebook245 pages2 hours

    Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors

    By Jason Blair

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    About this ebook

    Guide to the Flight Review is an excellent study tool for pilots and instructors alike. Use it when you’re gearing up for a Flight Review or as a general refresher. This guide lists questions with succinct answers supported with FAA references. Consult it to ensure your compliance with the FAA steps and requirements while conducting a flight review.

    This ninth edition reflects the latest FAA procedures and regulations. The book covers pilot privileges and limitations, aircraft maintenance, drone operations, weather, aerodynamics, aircraft performance, navigation, communications, regulations, airspace, airport operations, risk management, system operations and malfunctions, human factors, and more. Readers will also find a sample written exercise, a table summarizing maneuvers and Airman Certification Standard (ACS) tolerances, as well as appendices with checklists, personal minimums, and an over-the-counter medications reference.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.
    Release dateNov 27, 2024
    ISBN9781644253991
    Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors

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      Book preview

      Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors - Jason Blair

      Cover of Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors by Jason BlairTitle page of Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors by Jason Blair

      Guide to the Flight Review for Pilots and Instructors

      Ninth Edition

      by Jason Blair

      Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

      7005 132nd Place SE

      Newcastle, Washington 98059

      [email protected] | 425-235-1500 | asa2fly.com

      Copyright © 2024 Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

      First edition published 1994. Ninth edition published 2024. Previously published as Guide to the Biennial Flight Review.

      See the Reader Resources at asa2fly.com/oegbfr for additional information and updates relating to this book.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and Jason Blair assume no responsibility for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

      None of the material in this book supersedes any operational documents or procedures issued by the Federal Aviation Administration, aircraft and avionics manufacturers, flight schools, or the operators of aircraft.

      URLs appearing in this book are active at the time of publication, but site content may have since changed, moved, or been deleted.

      ASA-OEG-BFR9-EB

      ISBN 978-1-64425-399-1

      Additional formats available:

      Print Book ISBN 978-1-64425-398-4

      eBook PDF ISBN 978-1-64425-400-4

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Blair, Jason, author.

      Title: Guide to the flight review for pilots & instructors : complete preparation for issuing or taking a flight review including both the ground and flight requirements / Jason Blair.

      Description: Ninth edition. | Newcastle, Washington : Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc., 2024. | First edition published 1994 as Guide to the biennial flight review by Jackie Spanitz.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2024014565 (print) | LCCN 2024014566 (ebook) | ISBN 9781644253984 (trade paperback) | ISBN 9781644253991 (epub) | ISBN 9781644254004 (pdf)

      Subjects: LCSH: United States. Federal Aviation Administration—Examinations—Study guides. | Airplanes—Piloting—Examinations—Study guides. | LCGFT: Study guides.

      Classification: LCC TL710 .B557 2024 (print) | LCC TL710 (ebook) | DDC 629.132/52076—dc23/eng/20240415

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024014565

      LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024014566

      Contents

      About the Author

      1 Introduction

      What is the Flight Review?

      Flight Review Candidates

      Requirements (14 CFR 61.56)

      Options for Completing the Flight Review

      Conduct of the Flight Review

      Reader Resources

      2 Q & A:

      Candidate Information

      Instructor Information

      3 Ground Instruction Requirement

      A. Privileges and Limitations

      B. Medical Qualifications and Considerations

      C. Currency Requirements

      D. Aircraft Certificates and Documents

      E. Aircraft Maintenance Requirements

      F. Weather

      G. Obtaining Weather Information

      H. sUAS Operations and the General Aviation Pilot

      I. Weather Reports, Forecasts and Charts

      J. Aerodynamics

      K. Weight and Balance

      L. Aircraft Performance

      M. Navigation

      N. Cross-Country Flying

      O. Radio Communications

      P. Federal Aviation Regulations Part 91

      Q. Airspace 82

      R. National Transportation Safety Board

      S. Airport Operations

      T. Runway Incursion Avoidance

      U. Aviation Security

      V. Aircraft and Engine Operations

      W. System and Equipment Malfunctions

      X. Airplane Instruments/Systems 121

      Y. Human Factors

      Review: Sample Written Exercise

      4 Flight Instruction Requirement

      Maneuvers Tables

      Appendix 1 FAA Guidance Document: Conducting an Effective Flight Review

      Appendix 2 Flight Review Checklist

      Appendix 3 Developing Personal Minimums

      Appendix 4 FAA Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications Reference Guide

      About the Author

      Jason Blair is an active single- and multi-engine instructor and an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE) with over 6,000 hours total time, over 3,500 hours of instruction given, and more than 3,500 hours in aircraft as a DPE. In his role as an Examiner, he has issued more than 2,500 pilot certificates. Blair has worked for and continues to work with multiple aviation associations with his work focusing on pilot training and testing. His experience as a pilot goes back over 30 years, as an instructor spans over 20 years, and includes more than 100 makes and models of aircraft flown. Blair has written and continues to write for multiple aviation publications with a focus on training and safety.

      In addition to ASA’s Oral Exam Guide series, Blair is also the author of four books in ASA’s Aviator’s Field Guide series: Buying an Airplane, Owning an Airplane, Tailwheel Flying, and Middle-Altitude Flying.

      1

      Introduction

      What is the Flight Review?

      This guide to the flight review (previously called Biennial Flight Review or BFR) is a comprehensive guide to prepare for taking or issuing a flight review. The flight review has been an FAA requirement since 1974 and was developed to curb pilot-related accidents. Although it has accomplished this objective, there is still room for improvement. A standard flight review should offer an effective learning experience that will further reduce pilot-related accidents. The FAA’s guidance document reprinted in Appendix 3 provides some excellent and very specific recommendations on how to use the flight review in this capacity.

      The flight review is not intended to be another checkride, but rather an assessment of the pilot’s skills. The sole objective is to determine if the pilot is safe in the operations they usually conduct.

      Again, the flight review is meant to determine your ability to handle the airplane safely and with good judgment. It is not meant to be like the checkride, but rather instructional. The maneuvers performed in the flight should reflect the pilot’s experience and type of flying; the actions should be predictable to the instructor and conform to local procedures, with safety being the main concern. The flight review should be considered an opportunity. It could be performed annually, as recurrent or refresher training, or biennially, as required by 14 CFR §61.56.

      Flight Review Candidates

      14 CFR §61.56 states that every pilot must take a flight review every 24 calendar months. This means every pilot must take a flight review in order to maintain pilot-in-command (PIC) privileges.

      Requirements (14 CFR 61.56)

      The conduct of the flight review is at the discretion of the flight instructor, but the FAA does state minimum requirements necessary for the satisfactory completion:

      • 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training

      • A review of 14 CFR Part 91

      • A review of those maneuvers and procedures necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate

      • A logbook endorsement stating the satisfactory completion of the check

      See 14 CFR §61.56, and Appendix 1 for the FAA’s recommendations on content and best use of time during the flight review.

      Options for Completing the Flight Review

      With safety in mind, the flight review can be completed in a manner beneficial to the pilot:

      • A flight review with a flight instructor

      Everyone can use some dual flight periodically. This would be a prime opportunity to brush up on skills not frequently used. If flights normally take place at a nontowered airport, flight into a busier airport could increase proficiency in radio communications, and airspace. If straight and level is the normal attitude, some unusual attitudes and hood-work would be beneficial. If flights are normally conducted within the local area, a cross-country could be planned.

      This is the suggested route to take for those that don’t have the opportunity to fly as frequently as they might like—work off that rust! See Appendix 3 for the FAA’s recommendations on how to conduct an effective flight review.

      • Upgrade your pilot or flight instructor certificate

      The FAA does not specify which aircraft a candidate must use for the flight review (however, this might change in the future). With this in mind, this would be a prime opportunity to get that instrument rating, sea rating, multi-engine rating, glider license, or helicopter license. Any checkride meets the requirements of a flight review, so the sky’s the limit! The FAA also states the flight review requirements can be accomplished in combination with other recency requirements: interpreted, this means candidates can become night current, instrument current, or tailwheel current (keep in mind that additional tasks will be added to meet both requirements).

      This is the suggested route for those who are flying frequently, have little rust on their skills, and who are looking to expand their flying horizons. Again, safety is the main issue, and careful consideration should be taken before deciding which aircraft will be used. The NTSB suggests taking the flight review in the aircraft most frequently flown, or the most complicated aircraft for which you are rated.

      • The WINGS Program

      A person who has satisfactorily completed one or more phases of an FAA-sponsored pilot proficiency award program (the WINGS Program) meets the requirements of a flight review. This program was developed as a way to promote proficiency and safety, while providing a motivation for pilots to do so. What pilot doesn’t feel satisfaction with an earned pair of wings?

      It’s a great program that gives pilots the opportunity to attend FAA safety seminars, participate in online courses — and be rewarded for meeting the regulatory requirements. See Appendix 4 and visit faasafety.gov for more information on the WINGS Program.

      Conduct of the Flight Review

      Although the regulation (14 CFR §61.56) does not specify which maneuvers should be included in a flight review, the FAA has provided some guidance to include suggested procedures. Ultimately the contents of a flight review are at the discretion of the flight instructor, but for a consistent and thorough check, consult AC 61-98D, and the FAA’s Guidance Document: Conducting an Effective Flight Review (see Appendix 1).

      The flight review should be conducted in an efficient manner, meeting the 1 hour ground and 1 hour flight requirement, without being excessive.

      You may supplement this guide with other comprehensive study materials as noted in brackets at the end of each answer; for example [14 CFR 61.109]. The abbreviations and corresponding titles for these resources are listed below.

      Be sure that you use the latest revision of these references when reviewing for the test. Also, check the ASA website at asa2fly.com/oegbfr for the most recent updates to this book due to changes in FAA procedures and regulations as well as for Reader Resources containing additional relevant information and updates.

      Most of these documents are available on the FAA website (faa.gov). Additionally, many of the publications are printed by ASA (asa2fly.com) and are available from aviation retailers worldwide.

      2

      Q & A:

      Questions Most Commonly Asked About the Flight Review

      Candidate Information

      1. Who must take the flight review?

      All pilots who wish to exercise their pilot-in-command (PIC) privilege and do not meet the exemptions listed below. A pilot would be in violation of 14 CFR §61.56 if they act as pilot-in-command after the expiration date of the flight review.

      2. What procedures would exempt a pilot from the flight review requirement?

      The following serve as exemptions from the flight review:

      • 14 CFR §61.58 pilot proficiency check.

      • 14 CFR Part 121 pilot proficiency check.

      • 14 CFR Part 135 pilot proficiency check.

      • 14 CFR Part 141 chief pilot proficiency check.

      • Military pilot proficiency check.

      • Any proficiency check administered by the FAA.

      • Pilot examiner annual flight check.

      • A passed practical test for any certificate or rating for which a new temporary airman certificate was issued.

      • Procedures specifically authorized by the FAA.

      • Satisfactory completion of any full phase of the FAA WINGS program.

      [14 CFR 61.56]

      3. Who can

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