Prayer as Night Falls: Experiencing Compline

Prayer as

Night Falls

EXPERIENCING

COMPLINE

Kenneth V. Peterson

2013 First Printing

Prayer as Night Falls: Experiencing Compline

Copyright © 2013 Kenneth V. Peterson

ISBN: 978-1-61261-376-5

Unless otherwise designated, Scripture quotations are taken from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, ©1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. All rights reserved. Used by permission.

Quotations designated (BCP) are taken from The Book of Common Prayer, published by the Church Hymnal Corporation and Seabury Press, 1979.

Photographic images on the pages facing Chapters 1, 4, 5, 7, and 9–12 are by Gabrielle Fine, ©2009, 2010. All rights reserved. Used by permission.

The Paraclete Press name and logo (dove on cross) is a registered trademark of Paraclete Press, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Peterson, Kenneth V.

Prayer as night falls : experiencing compline / Kenneth V. Peterson.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-1-61261-376-5 (pb french flaps)

1.  Spiritual life—Christianity. 2.  Compline. 3.  Prayer—Christianity. 4.  Night—Miscellanea.  I. Title.

10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1

All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in an electronic retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Published by Paraclete Press

Brewster, Massachusetts

www.paracletepress.com

Printed in the United States of America

For Peter Hallock

founder of the Compline Choir

and its director, 1956–2009

Contents

1     Compline in the Holy Box

AN INTRODUCTION

2     Round Me Falls the Night

ELEMENTS OF COMPLINE

3     At Day’s Close

NIGHT IN ANCIENT TIMES

4 Be Sober, Be Vigilant

DARKNESS AND LIGHT

5     A Quiet Night and a Perfect End

DEATH AND LIFE

6     Before the Ending of the Day

CHRISTIAN ORIGINS OF COMPLINE

7     Seeking God Seeking Me

COMPLINE AND THE MYSTIC PATH

8     From Canterbury to Constantinople

COMPLINE FROM 600 TO 1600

9     To the Supreme Being

BEAUTY

10     Old Wine in New Bottles

COMPLINE FROM 1600 TO THE PRESENT

11     The Monks of Broadway

COMMUNITY

12     In the Shadow of Your Wings

FINDING LASTING PEACE

  Epilogue

  Acknowledgments

  Appendix A

THE OFFICE OF COMPLINE

  Appendix B

MUSICAL EXAMPLES

  Appendix C

A SELECTED LIST OF RESOURCES

FOR PRAYING COMPLINE

  Notes

Prayer as

Night Falls

1

Compline in the Holy Box

AN INTRODUCTION

There was something numinous in the experience. I felt so strongly around me the presence of God. I knew I was sharing in something with these young people. I knew they had come—been drawn there, in the hope and expectation of an encounter with the Holy. And so it was. In that darkened Cathedral, I felt, once again, the presence of God.

—EDMOND BROWNING¹

As I remember, it was the first weekend in October 1964 when David introduced me to Compline. We drove in his VW Beetle from Tacoma, where I had just begun college, to Seattle, about thirty miles to the north. Eventually we arrived at the top of Capitol Hill, and I saw for the first time our destination—the great concrete hulk of St. Mark’s Cathedral. I was eighteen, a music student. Dave, whom I had just met the week before, sang the ancient service of Compline every Sunday night, and suggested I try it out.

Compline is what monks and nuns pray every day before they go to sleep. In many monasteries, after Compline they keep the Great Silence—no sounds until the early hours of the morning, when they chant O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will proclaim your praise.² Their silence broken, they begin the daily cycle of prayer called the offices or the Divine Hours. There are as many as eight of these offices, and Compline (from the Latin word Completorium) completes the cycle.

We parked in the cathedral lot and admired the commanding view to the west: the twinkling lights of houses on Seattle’s Queen Anne Hill, the famous Space Needle, where I had gone to the World’s Fair two years before, and at their feet, Lake Union, a freshwater lake connected by channels and locks to the saltwater Puget Sound.

I was full of the excitement of the last few weeks—freshman orientation, dorm life, new friends and studies, and teaching Sunday school in a Methodist church in a shabby corner of Tacoma, which was where I met Dave, an alum of my university, who was playing a Bach fugue after church on the little electric organ. We talked about music, and Dave invited me to join him the next week to sing Compline.

In the spring of 1956, Peter Hallock, the organist/choirmaster of St. Mark’s Episcopal Cathedral, Seattle, invited a group of men to sing the Office of Compline every Sunday night. They sang from a little booklet with the original chants from medieval times, adapted to words approved by the Church of England in the late 1920s. Hallock, who grew up in Kent, Washington, had experienced Compline at Episcopal Church camps and retreats in the 1930s. After serving in World War II, he studied organ and composition at the University of Washington in Seattle, and then attended the Royal School of Church Music from 1949–51 at Canterbury, where he sang from the Order of Compline, which he brought back with him to his first job at St. Mark’s.

After rehearsing the chants in an outbuilding that served as a temporary choir room, the little singing club (once-a-week monks?) would move into the empty cathedral, where the spacious acoustics made the chant come alive. At this time, to hear Compline sung outside a monastery would have been uncommon enough, but hearing it sung in English—an absolute rarity.

Dave introduced me to Peter Hallock, a slender man of about forty, bright and friendly, with a hint of British reserve; finding I was a tenor, he invited me to sit behind a choir desk in the second row. There were also countertenors—men who sang in falsetto, allowing them to sing as high as women altos—an idea that was totally novel to me at the time. They sat in the first row, and baritones and basses sat in the third. We started rehearsing a psalm from a thin hardbound Psalter. Mrs. Andrews, a stout woman in her eighties who spoke in a lilting way (I had never heard a Welsh accent), brought us tea in china cups on a big tray. She offered sugar and milk, but, being unfamiliar with the British custom, I only took a couple lumps of sugar. I rested my cup on the shelf under my desk, careful not to spill on my music.

As the group continued to meet, they occasionally added a polyphonic anthem to the service, and Hallock began to compose his own pieces—but in those days before photocopiers, it was a tedious process to reproduce unpublished works. In November 1956, Hallock put an announcement in the parish bulletin, inviting anyone who wanted to attend Compline to come on Sunday evenings at 10 PM. Only a few people showed up—the same was true the following year, when the service time was moved up to 9:30. Not that attendance was a primary objective—the choir joked about people out there ruining the acoustics. In 1962, one of the announcers for KING-FM, a Seattle classical music station, thought it would be interesting to broadcast the service live from St. Mark’s. The owner of KING Broadcasting, Dorothy S. Bullitt, was a friend of John C. Leffler, Dean of St. Mark’s, and soon a dedicated phone line was installed; the weekly live broadcast of the Compline Service began to attract an audience.

I was given a choir robe to wear—a long purple thing like a nightgown that buttoned down the front. We lined up in a space called the Chantry, which was inside the cathedral, open to the ceiling above, but enclosed on three sides by a wooden wall about twelve feet high. There were two large doors that opened out into the cathedral, and we processed in single file to the northeastern corner, where there were three choir desks arranged in a semicircle. The immensity of the space overwhelmed me—the wooden-beamed ceiling ninety or a hundred feet above, the four huge columns—a cavern that seemed even larger in the darkness. It was hard to tell in the dim light, but there were about twenty or thirty people sitting on pews or kneeling, waiting for us to begin.

Construction began on St. Mark’s in 1928. It was designed as a Gothic layer cake—a central cubic core a hundred feet high, with a smaller second layer, half as wide, but 150 feet high—creating a vast tower void when viewed from below. However, a year after work started the Great Depression intervened, and elaborate plans had to be curtailed—no tower, no added transepts (the wings that give a church its cruciform shape). What remained was the original cube, the largest concrete pour in the state of Washington until Grand Coulee Dam was finished in 1941. After its dedication, St. Mark’s Cathedral was aptly named The Holy Box.³

Winfield Tudor, a countertenor from Barbados, clasped a small transistor radio to his ear. His job was to listen to KING-FM, and when he heard the Compline service announced, he pointed to Charles Sherwood, a fiftyish tenor, who projected in perfect Shakespearian tones an opening prayer that began Beloved in Christ, let us make this church glad with our songs of praise. We then began an orison, a sung prayer:

Now the day is over,

Night is drawing nigh,

Shadows of the evening

Steal across the sky.

Our tones resounded in the darkness, drifting out to play in the beamed ceiling and then return to us. I noticed a large open space to my left in the newly remodeled east wall, which I was told would eventually hold an enormous pipe organ. My own song went out into this mysterious cavern of darkness. What were we doing? We were singing about the darkness, in the darkness, to the darkness. . . . :

Jesus, give the weary

Calm and sweet repose;

With Thy tend’rest blessing

May our eyelids close.

I felt a catch in my throat and a tearing-up—I reined in my emotions, and went on singing. The third verse was pianissimo, very softly:

Through the long night watches

May Thine angels spread

Their white wings above me,

Watching round my bed.

It was a child’s prayer—Now I lay me down to sleep—but here were men in their fifties singing this in utmost sincerity and sweetness.

After that first night, singing Compline in the Holy Box became the high point of my week. An experience both artistic and social drew me at first—a deep encounter with beauty, and the bonding of a group whose weekly goal was to put together, in a short rehearsal, a sung prayer service suitable for live radio. Compline, a ritual at the close of the day poised between light and darkness, and our Sunday-night observance, became a part of my weekly natural rhythm. Then there were the qualities of peace and calm repose that followed from the recitation of a monastic office—a sacred time of prayer, reflection, and meditation—a refuge from the hectic world of school or work.

A few years later, during the hippie-proclaimed Summer of Love in 1967, hundreds of people, mostly young like me, began coming to our service. Partly due to the difficulty of finding a seat, or for the opportunity to make a countercultural statement, many attendees sat or even reclined on the floor or the steps to the altar—looking very much like the crowds at the San Francisco park gatherings, or perhaps the Beatles meditating on their trip to India. By then, I had a growing sense of ministry in what we were doing—another reason for returning to Compline each week.

The popularity of the service in Seattle did not go unnoticed, and the interest generated among both Lutherans and Episcopalians led to the inclusion of an Order of Compline in their new prayer books published at the end of the 1970s.⁴ Choirs outside Seattle started Compline services—in Honolulu and Pittsburgh, Austin and Minneapolis and Vancouver—many groups founded by directors who had first heard the service or had sung in the choir in Seattle. As these mainline Protestant churches discovered Compline, the Roman Catholic Church continued its post–Vatican II reform of the Divine Office, and most monasteries and seminaries in the United States set aside their Latin chant books and began to write music for new Orders of Compline, renamed Night Prayer. Since the 1970s, the number of organized groups outside of monasteries who sing or say Compline has multiplied; today there are over fifty groups with websites across the United States and Canada that offer Compline services, and over one hundred Facebook groups that contain the name.

The Compline phenomenon was one of the precursors to a resurgence of interest in contemplative spirituality during the last half of the twentieth century. It was stimulated not only by an increased knowledge of Eastern religions but also by a rediscovery