The Bigfoot Files: The Reality of Bigfoot in North America

CHAPTER 1

THE EMERGENCE OF BIGFOOT

Walk out of any doorway

Feel your way, feel your way like the day before

Maybe you’ll find direction

Around some corner where it’s been waiting to meet you.

—Grateful Dead, Box of Rain

Today the creature called sasquatch or bigfoot is known throughout the world. He is in advertisements, movies, cartoons, product names and a host of other media. Bigfoot is everywhere, it seems. Do the creatures known as sasquatch, bigfoot, yeti, and other names really exist? If so, where is the official record for this elusive animal?

[Note that the terms for bigfoot will not be capitalized in this book, since I think they are comparable to words like bears, cats, and unicorns.]

The evidence is there for the continued existence of a missing link that is similar to man, albeit a hairy man—often a large hairy man. He and his kin do not use fire. They do not have the ability to speak as we do, but they do make whistling, screaming and other sounds. They are both curious about and frightened of humans, who have been encroaching for many centuries on their territory.

This territory is astonishingly large. As I attempted to demonstrate in my book Bigfoot Nation the extent of bigfoot activity in the USA and Canada is astounding. While sasquatch are now officially recognized by Canada with stamps and commemorative coins, the USA has yet to officially recognize or protect this endangered animal.

There may be several reasons for this. The first is that it is very problematic to recognize the existence of bigfoot and the threat that he may pose to humans and livestock. While the existence of bigfoot is debated—and possibly hidden—he is apparently real and exists on the fringes of society, occasionally being seen by people who then report the encounter to a news organization.

We should be thankful to all of these news organizations and their stringers. We need this reporting and it has become more common for news media to feature such phenomena. The majority of Americans and Canadians—and others around the world—have heard about bigfoot and yeti. Many Americans and Canadians believe in sasquatch and bigfoot. The belief in sasquatch and bigfoot is especially strong with Native American and First Nation tribes who often live on the edge of wilderness areas and national parks. You might say that city folk tend to not believe in bigfoot, while the country folk tend to believe in the critter, especially if they have heard local stories.

There are convenience stores in Indiana named Bigfoot and plenty of movies about this hairy creature, many of which portray bigfoot as a very dangerous monster—the original boogey man. Bigfoot is afraid of man but is very curious about him. It seems that bigfoot in general are not really afraid of children or women. There have been numerous stories of women and children who have disappeared while hiking on their own. If a bigfoot has been watching a child or woman for a long time he might decide to suddenly confront that person. This could mean that an abduction will occur as well as the sudden death of the victim from the powerful arms of a bigfoot. This has happened to men as well.

Early Bigfoot Reports

In the very early days of newspapers in North America there came the occasional report of a wildman; starting around 1869 the word gorilla was used. Native Americans had their own names such as skookoom and sasquatch. The term boogey man is thought to have arisen because of bigfoot. The name bigfoot was coined in 1958 and terms like skunk ape and swamp booger have come into common use in the Southern United States. Curiously, bigfoot is rarely reported south of the border in Mexico or other countries.

The first bigfoot reports referred to wildmen and newspapers were springing up all over the eastern United States and Canada by the early 1800s. Probably the earliest known report of bigfoot comes from the Canadian Rockies. The incident occurred in Jasper, Alberta in 1811 when a British fur trader and explorer named David Thompson encountered giant footprints in the Athabasca River area. Said Thompson in his diary published by the Oregon Historical Quarterly, Number 15 (March-June 1914):

I now recur to what I have already noticed in the early part of last winter, when proceeding up the Athabasca River …we came to the track of a large animal, which measured fourteen inches in length by eight inches in breadth by a tape line. As the snow was about six inches in depth the track was well defined, and we could see it for a full hundred yards from us, this animal was proceeding from north to south. We did not attempt to follow it, we had not time for it, and the Hunters, eager as they are to follow and shoot every animal, made no attempt to follow this beast, for what could the balls of our fowling guns do against such an animal? Reports from old times had made the head branches of this River, and the Mountains in the vicinity the abode of one, or more, very large animals, to which I never appeared to give credence; for these reports appeared to arise from that fondness for the marvelous so common to mankind: but the sight of the track of that large a beast staggered me, and I often thought of it, yet never could bring myself to believe such an animal existed, but thought it might be the track of some Monster Bear.

1818 Report of a Wild Man of the Woods

The earliest newspaper report of a bigfoot seems to be an 1818 report from the Exeter Watchman dated September 22, 1818. It concerns a bigfoot being seen around the town of Ellisburgh near Sacket’s Harbor which is on Lake Ontario in the very northwest section of Upstate New York. The story is from Sacket’s Harbor and had the headline: ANOTHER WONDER. The article went on to say:

Report says, that in the vicinity of Ellisburgh, was seen on the 30th, by a gentleman of unquestionable veracity, an animal resembling the Wild Man of the Woods. It is stated that he came from the woods within a few rods of this gentleman—that he stood and looked at him and then took his flight in a direction which gave a perfect view of him for some time. He is described as bending forward when running—hairy, and the heel of the foot narrow, spreading at the toes. Hundreds of persons have been in pursuit for several days, but nothing further is heard or seen of him.

The frequent and positive manner in which this story comes, induces us believe it. We wish not to impeach the veracity of this highly favored gentleman—yet, it is proper that such naturally improbable accounts should be established by the mouth, of at least two direct eyewitnesses to entitle them to credit.3

1839 Reports about Bigfoot in Indiana and Wisconsin

Some 20 years later we get a report from December 1839 in La Porte County, Indiana. There a wild child was seen repeatedly around Fish Lake and was reported in the Michigan City Gazette that said, It is reported to be about four feet high and covered with a coat of light chestnut-colored hair. It runs with great velocity, and when pursued, as has often been the case, it sets up the most frightening and hideous yells, and seems to make efforts at speaking.11

Another early report comes from 1839 concerning an event in Wisconsin. The highly detailed story was reported in the Boston Daily Times on April 1, 1839. The article was sent to Cryptomundo by Scott McClean, who wondered if it was just a coincidence that the bizarre story was published on April Fool’s Day. Still, the story has a ring of authenticity to it. The story is of a lumber steamship that goes up the Mississippi to Prairie Du Chien in Wisconsin and then continues north to what is now known as the Minnesota River, but was called the Saint Peters River back then. While spending time at this northerly timber camp the lumbermen encounter—and capture—a bigfoot. The article was entitled, When Will Wonders Cease?

The article describes the capture of a bigfoot which is called a monster and described as about 8 feet tall, hairy with powerful arms. At one point it is called an orangutan. Driving it out into a field, the group of men are able subdue the creature and tie him up. He is taken back to the camp in a litter dragged by a horse where it howls all night. Two small cubs then show up as the creature howls from the camp. They are easily captured and fed. The bigfoot, possibly a female bigfoot and mother of the young ones, refuses to eat for some days but eventually become docile and begins eating. The article speaks of the adult as a male but it is probably a female.

Eventually, the adult bigfoot and the two small cubs are placed on a steamer headed for St. Louis and other ports on the Mississippi. They are never heard of again and we do not know whether they appeared in some circus or travelling show around 1840. Perhaps there was an opportunity for the bigfoot and cubs to escape or something else happened shortly after their capture and departure on the steamer. We simply do not know what happened.

1847: Mount St. Helens a Forbidden Area

An explorer in the Pacific Northwest, the artist Paul Kane, comments on a strange creature in his book The Wanderings of an Artist. His entry for March 26, 1847 reads:

When we arrived at the mouth of the Kattlepoutal River, 36 miles from Vancouver [Washington], I stopped to make a sketch of the volcano, Mt. St. Helens, distant, I suppose, about 30 or 40 miles. This mountain has never been visited by either whites or Indians; the latter assert that it is inhabited by a race of beings of a different species, who are cannibals, whom they hold in great dread …these superstitions are taken from a man, who they say, went into the mountain with another, and escaped the fate of his companion, who was eaten by the skoocooms, or evil genii. I offered a considerable bribe to any Indian who would accompany me in its exploration but could not find one hardy enough to venture there.21

It would seem that this mysterious and feared race of skoocooms are in fact bigfoot. Mount St. Helens is an area where many bigfoot have been reported.

1851: Two Hunters See Bigfoot in Arkansas

Colin and Janet Bord report in their book Bigfoot Casebook that two hunters in Greene County, Arkansas saw a herd of cattle that was being chased by a bigfoot. They watched the creature for some time which was an animal bearing the unmistakable likeness of humanity. He was of gigantic stature, the body being covered with hair and head with long locks that fairly enveloped the neck and shoulders.3

A man named John Weeks recalled how his grandfather told him about being a gold prospector in California’s Mount Shasta area in the 1850s. The Mount Shasta area is known to be an area of many bigfoot sightings—this seems to be the earliest. Said Weeks:

My grandfather prospected for gold in the eighteen fifties throughout the region described as being the home of the Snowman. Upon grandfather’s return from to the East he told stories of seeing hairy giants in the vicinity of Mount Shasta. These monsters had long arms but short legs. One of them picked up a 20-foot section of a sluiceway and smashed it to bits against a tree.

When grandfather told us these stories, we didn’t believe him at all. Now, after reading your article, it turns out he wasn’t as big a liar as we youngsters thought he was.3

1868 Report of an Ape Man in Alabama

An early bigfoot/skunk ape report came from Alabama in 1868. Chad Arment, author of Historical Bigfoot, reproduces a fascinating story about a giant wild apeman that was seen near Meadville, in Franklin County, Alabama where men with hunting dogs:

…discovered the tracks of the game in some miry places, which appeared similar to the track of a human foot; and they observed, also, that the toes of one foot turned backward. On coming up with the dogs, who were now baying, they beheld a frightful looking creature, of about the average height of man, but with far greater muscular development, standing menacingly a few yards in front of the dogs. It had long, coarse hair flowing from its head and reaching near its knees; its entire body, also, seemed to be covered with hair of two or three inches’ length, which was of a dark brown color. From its upper jaw projected two very large tusks, several inches long. …it fled toward the Mississippi River, and was not overtaken again until within a few yards of the bank. When the party came up with the dogs the second time, the monster was standing erect before them, none of them having yet dared to clinch with it. But when the dogs were urged by their masters, they endeavored to seize it, when it reached forward and grabbed one of them, and taking it in its hands, pressed it against its trunk, which pierced it through and killed it instantly. Becoming alarmed at this display of strength, the hunters fired several shots at the creature, which caused it to leap into the river… after sinking and rising several times, it swam to the Louisiana shore and disappeared.44

Arment says that this story came from the Daily Herald of Dubuque, Iowa for June 27, 1868, and we see that we might conclude from this account that bigfoot is a good swimmer! Indeed, the common southern terms of grassman and swamp ape indicate that these creatures are semi-aquatic apemen who are good swimmers and can live in swamps and remote river valleys that contain dense forests and brush. The large tusks on this bigfoot, from the upper jaw, are unexplained and this is not something that is typically reported. They would seem to be describing large canine teeth and perhaps the bigfoot was missing other teeth.

1869: A Gorilla in Ohio

Another early bigfoot incident occurred in Ohio and was reported in the Minnesota Weekly Record on Saturday, January 23, 1869. The title of the story was A Gorilla in Ohio. The first gorilla was captured in Liberia, Africa in 1847 and the word came into the English language at that time. Said the 1869 article:

Gallipolis [Ohio] is excited over a wild man, who is reported to haunt the woods near that city. He goes naked, is covered with hair, is gigantic in height, and his eyes start from their sockets. A carriage, containing a man and daughter, was attacked by him a few days ago. He is said to have bounded at the father, catching him in a grip like that of a vice, hurling him to the earth, falling on him and endeavoring to bite and to scratch like a wild animal. The struggle was long and fearful, rolling and wallowing in the deep mud, [half] suffocated, sometimes beneath his adversary, whose burning and maniac eyes glared into his own with murderous and savage intensity. Just as he was about to become exhausted from his exertions, his daughter, taking courage at the imminent danger of her parent, snatched up a rock and hurling it at the head of her father’s would be murderer, was fortunate enough to put an end to the struggle by striking him somewhere about the ear. The creature was not stunned, but feeling unequal to further exertion, slowly got up and retired into the neighboring copse that skirted the road.44

It is interesting to note that this incident took place in Ohio but the newspaper clipping that we have of the story comes from a Minnesota newspaper. This shows us how newspapers were cropping up all over the place after the Civil War and that there were almost certainly newspapers in Ohio at this time that also carried this story. Many old newspapers no longer exist and often records of old issues are lost in fires and floods.

We also see with this story that until the name bigfoot came along in 1958, people struggled for a name for the creature they encountered. Gorilla is still used to occasionally describe bigfoot sightings (such as, I took this picture of a gorilla in our back yard…).

Also in 1869, according to Janet and Colin Bord, in the Arcadia Valley of northwest Arkansas a bigfoot was seen repeatedly and it approached cabins, especially when the men were gone and only women and children were around. It was described as a wild man, gorilla, or ‘what is it?’ At one point over sixty of the local citizens got together to hunt the animal, which they called Old Sheff, and it disappeared for some days but then returned.

The Bords also chronicle another incident in 1869. A letter written by a man from Grayson, California to the Antioch Ledger says he witnessed a bigfoot playing with the sticks in his campfire. He was in an area called Orestimba Creek, about 20 miles north of Grayson, and had seen large footprints around his campsite. He was determined to see who or what it was that was visiting his camp while he was gone. He hid in some bushes nearby and waited. Said the man in his letter to the newspaper:

Suddenly I was surprised by a shrill whistle such as boys produce with two fingers under their tongues, and turning quickly, I ejaculated, Good God! as I saw the object of my solicitude standing beside the fire, erect, and looking suspiciously around. It was the image of a man, but it could not have been human.

I was never so benumbed with astonishment before. The creature, whatever it was, stood fully five feet high, and disproportionately broad and square at the fore shoulders, with arms of great length. The legs were very short and body long. The head was small compared with the rest of the creature, and appeared to be set upon his shoulders without a neck. The whole was covered with dark brown and cinnamon colored hair, quite long on some parts, that on the head standing in a shock and growing close down to the eyes, like a Digger Indian’s.

As I looked he threw his head back and whistled again, and then stopped and grabbed a stick from the fire. This he swung around, until the fire on the end had gone out, when he repeated the maneuver. I was dumb, almost and could only look. Fifteen minutes I sat and watched him as he whistled and scattered my fire about. I could easily have put a bullet through this head, but why should I kill him? Having amused himself, apparently, as he desired, with my fire, he started to go, and having gone a short distance he returned, and was joined by another—a female, unmistakably—when both turned and walked past me, within twenty yards of where I sat, and disappeared in the brush.3

It is unusual for bigfoot to play with a campfire and hold a burning torch. In this case the bigfoot was curious about the fire, but had no use for it. In another incident, also from 1869, a bigfoot—or wild man—was seen carrying a club by cowboys in northern Nevada near the Idaho border:

…A large party, armed and equipped, lately started in pursuit of it, and one night a splendid view was obtained of the object which, it was concluded, had once been a white man, but was now covered with a coat of fine, long, hair, carried a club in the right hand and in the left a rabbit. The moment it caught sight of the party, as the moon shone out, it dashed past the camp with the scream like the roar of a lion, brandished the huge club and attacked the horses in a perfect frenzy of madness.

The savage bloodhounds which the party had brought along refused to pursue the object; and so the party hastily raised a log rampart for self-defense; but instead of making attack, the object merely uttered the most terrible cries through the night, and in the morning disappeared. It was evident, however, from the footprints, that the object would require a pair of No. 9 shoes, and this is all we know. The party could have shot it on first seeing it, but failed to do so.3

It is interesting that the bigfoot carried a club. This is seen in other bigfoot reports, such as a sighting in Dover, New Jersey in 1894; an incident in Chesterfield, Idaho in 1902; and a sighting from Labrador, Canada in 1913. Also, it commonly believed that uses a club or tree branch to make loud knocks against a tree.71 That the bloodhounds refused to follow or attack the creature is very standard in bigfoot reports, though there are incidents when dogs have engaged a bigfoot. There are also the occasional report of a bigfoot with a pet animal such as a dog, wolf, or even a big cat. We will explore all of this in the chapters to come.

It is also interesting to note the whistling sound that the man heard. Bigfoot are said to communicate in different ways and a strange whistling is often associated with bigfoot. They are said to make chattering sounds, similar to children, and to make loud, piercing screams. They are said to take tree limbs or other wooden clubs and bang them against a tree making a loud knocking sound. This tree knocking may be in the distance or very close and it seems to be a way of bigfoot communicating with each other over distances—perhaps to warn other bigfoot that invasive humans are in the area.

1871: Woman Kidnapped by Sasquatch

One of the early abduction stories involving sasquatch happened in 1871 on the Chehalis Reservation in northern British Columbia, an area of many bigfoot reports. In that year Stephanie Long was abducted while collecting cedar roots in the forest and was returned one year later in 1872. She said that one of the hairy giants that inhabited the region grabbed her and smeared tree sap on her eyes so she could not see where he was taking her. He took her to a cave somewhere where the sasquatch forced her to live with him and his elderly parents. They fed me well, she reportedly said.

She convinced the bigfoot to take her back to her village and the bigfoot again took tree sap and put it on her eyelids so she could not see and took her to the vicinity of the village. She finally arrived back after one year missing and collapsed of exhaustion. She was put in a bed and that same night gave birth, but the infant died a few hours later. Interviewed in 1925 she said that she was glad the baby had died and she hoped she would never see the hairy giant again.7

Stephanie Long in 1941.

This is an important story as the woman was still alive and photographed in 1925. It also foreshadows the many frightening stories of women and children being kidnapped by a bigfoot. Why would a bigfoot want to kidnap a woman or child? Perhaps out of curiosity,loneliness, or sexual desire. In the case of Stephanie Long in Canada, she was apparently abducted for sexual desire. She survived a year in captivity with a bigfoot and had his child—which died shortly afterwards. Many women or children abducted by a bigfoot may have not been so lucky.

1877: A Wild Man at the Smithsonian Institution

A newspaper report from the Washington, D.C. newspaper The Daily Telegram had an astonishing report on April 9, 1877 on its first page about a live wild man who was on display at the Smithsonian Institution. This newspaper report was dug up by bigfoot researcher Joe Fex and carried several headlines. The headlines started with EXTRA: THE WILD MAN AT THE SMITHSONIAN. The second headline read, HIS SAVAGE ATTACK UPON A YOUNG LADY, and finally, HER CLOTHING IN RIBBONS, HE WILL BE INCARCERATED IN AN IRON CAGE TO-DAY. The brief story went on to say:

Among the curiosities from the Centennial, received by, and now on exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution, is a specimen of Wild Man who, although perfectly tame and subdued at Philadelphia, now has become unmanageable to such an extent that an iron cage had to be procured to prevent him from injuring people. The savage attack he made upon a young lady, some several days ago tearing her clothing in ribbons and bruising her severely before she could be rescued, was the principal reason a cage was ordered for him, and since the assault on the young lady eight men have alternately kept watch over him, night and day. The cage arrived at the Smithsonian on Saturday, and workmen were engaged yesterday (Sunday), in placing it into position. The creature will be incarcerated in it some time to-day.

So, here we have some pretty startling facts that can be identified directly from the article and by inference. These facts would be:

1. This would seem to be the first documented attack on a woman by a bigfoot. Bigfoot is attracted to human females and is generally not afraid of women or small children.

The 1877 story of a bigfoot in Washington D.C. Courtesy of Joe Fex.

2. He had been subdued in Philadelphia but was apparently from somewhere else.

3. He had been brought to Washington, D.C. to be exhibited for the 1877 centennial celebrations.

4. In April of 1877 the Smithsonian Institution was in possession of a bigfoot and it was being exhibited in an iron cage.

5. This story of a captured bigfoot—in our nation’s capital no less—is now part of a cover-up and conspiracy to keep the existence of bigfoot a secret. If bigfoot doesn’t exist, then it would be impossible for him to have been on display in an iron cage in April of 1877.

Indeed, we have the first stark evidence with this story that—at least at one time—the various authorities in Washington were aware that rural America contained wild men, what we would call bigfoot today.

What happened to this wild man in possession of the Smithsonian? One has to imagine that there would be another article or two out there a few days later on the subject. However, it would appear that talk of the wild man in an iron cage ceased and this creature disappeared from history. No scientific papers were written about this curious subject, despite the fact that he was being held at a prestigious museum. Is it possible that somewhere in the depths of the Smithsonian there is a whole file on this wild man? Perhaps his skeleton is preserved and on display, for the special eyes of only a few.

That is probably the most disturbing part of this news story, that some sort of cover-up is involved and like some post-Civil War X-Files, we have the government (or elements within) withholding information from the public at large. Is it because the reality of bigfoot is just too frightening?

1894: Man-Beast Stealing Chickens in Kentucky

A newspaper report from Dover, New Jersey on January 8, 1894 said that there was a wild man in the woods near Mine Hill. The wild man was hairy and naked, nearly six feet tall and had tried to get into some of the homes, apparently in search of food. A hunting party was organized to find the creature but nothing was found.3

In May of 1894 there were reports coming out of Deep Creek, Kentucky that a man-beast had been seen in the area and that chickens, eggs, young pigs and lambs had been missing from farms. A man named Joseph Ewalt had seen the creature and described it as having great long white hair hanging down from his head and face that was coarse as a horse’s mane. His legs were covered with hair and the only article of clothing he wore was a piece of sheepskin over the lower portion of his body, reaching nearly for his knees. He said a light came from his eyes and mouth similar to fire.

Men in the area decided to try to catch the creature and started keeping an eye out for it. Then, one morning Eph Boston and his sons saw it making for their barn. They said it was a man-beast with clawed feet and cat-like hands. Soon it came rushing out of the barn grasping three chickens. Tom Boston shot at the creature but it continued to run and went into a nearby cave. They got their neighbors and entered the first part of the cave where they saw bones, feathers and such. Then they heard an unearthly yell and quickly retreated. All efforts to catch the beast failed, including smoking it out of the cave.

The Astonishing 1894 Bigfoot Photo

There is an astonishing photo from Canada taken in 1894 which would seem to be the oldest known photograph of bigfoot. Craig Woolheater posted the photo on his blog at Cryptomundo.com on November 16, 2006. The photo had originally been sent to Tom Biscardi by Lyle Billett of Victoria, Canada.

Fellow Cryptomundo blogger Loren Coleman found the photo on Woolheater’s website and posted it again, where I saw it. The photo also appears in the updated version of the 1982 book The Bigfoot Casebook by Colin and Janet Bord.4

It is said that a picture tells a thousand words, and this photo says a lot. It does not seem to be a fake. The photo is cracked from a fold in the upper quarter. A sasquatch is lying on snow with its arms in front so the hairy hands can be seen. The face is hairy but not very detailed. Snowshoes can be seen at the left edge of the photo. There seems to be a fence and a building on the right side, just beneath the crack. The feet of the dead sasquatch are not seen, cropped out of the right side of the photo.

The story that this photo tells us is that in 1894 in the wilds of western Canada some trappers and mountain men encountered a bigfoot and shot him. It may have happened near their cabin. They took a photograph of it. But there is more: the photo had some writing on the back of it, maybe in the hand of Lyle Billett.

The complete bigfoot pboto from 1894 showing a dead creature in Canada.

The back of the photo bore this text:

Year 1894

Yalikom River Around Lilliott B.C.

Forestry-Hudsonbay Co.

They took the picture and the Guy that was in the picture went & stole them back from the forestry records (hudsonbay co.) I believe his last name was Holiday (Don’t know the first name) Never took all pictures (only one) and took pictures of the rest. (Glass