Teaching Tennis Volume 3: The Development of Champions

Copyright © 2020 by Martin van Daalen.

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Rev. date: 12/12/2019

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CONTENTS

Foreword By Lynne Rolley

Foreword by Rodney Harmon

Foreword By Magnus Norman

Preface

1 Introduc1tion

2 Coaching Champions

3 Are Champions Born, or Are They Made?

4 Teaching and Coaching

5 Developmental Issues of Tournament Players

6 Progressions of Coaching

7 Competencies and Levels

8 Intangible Skills

9 Weapon Development

10 Parents and Coaching

11 Developmental Plan

12 Analysis of Tennis Players

13 Statistics

14 Strategy and Tactics

15 Doubles Play

16 Physical Training

17 Injuries—Prevention and Treatment

18 Mental Training

19 Competition and Tournament Play

20 Transitional Players

21 Pro Players

22 Equipment

23 Drills for Tournament Players

Acknowledgments

References

This book is

dedicated to my parents

for encouraging me in all my endeavors

and for making me strive to be the best I can be

in whatever I try to do.

FOREWORD BY LYNNE ROLLEY

(After becoming the number 2 player in the US, Lynne has focused on her career in coaching. As director of women’s tennis for the USTA, she has helped develop many top players, including Lindsay Davenport, Chanda Rubin, and Jennifer Capriati. Lynne was inducted in the tennis hall of fame in 2008.)

Martin van Daalen has previously written two of the most thorough instructional books for developing tennis players. He provides a clear, simple pathway for improvement and success. Players, parents, and coaches have used his articles and books for guidance through some of the most difficult bumps in the road during their journey in player development.

Now he has produced a third book, The Development of Champions. In addition to the instructions provided in his first two books, he delves into the details and expertise of competition. All the excellence achieved through great coaching and practice may not be benefiting a player during the competitive moments. And the patience and passion of a player can disappear quickly if not clearly guided and mentored consistently. According to Martin, competitive skills should be addressed through all levels of development just as the nuts and bolts of hitting the ball.

Volume 3 provides the proficiencies to nurture every competitive player. The love of the battle is an essential skill to learn for every player; and Martin provides the tools to learn the nuances of strategies, tactics, and patterns of play to win at all levels.

Martin also stresses the importance of a support team around the player during this development process. Parents and coaches have important roles and will really benefit from Martin’s guidance.

Martin’s success record with players has made him a success story in the tennis community. Learn from his experience and enjoy the process by following his simple steps.

Lynne Rolley

FOREWORD BY RODNEY HARMON

(Besides being a successful player on the pro tour and reaching the quarterfinal in the US Open, Rodney Harmon has dedicated himself in becoming one of the top coaches in the US and a leader and respected speaker in the tennis industry. He was the former USTA men’s director, helping many players reach their goals, and is now the head coach of Georgia Tech women’s team.)

If ever there was a search for a consummate coach, my friend Martin van Daalen would qualify hands down. His passion for our sport is exemplified on the court and, as we know from previous volumes, in his writing.

Of all the forms of communicating a game strategy, a technique, or a coaching philosophy, writing has to be one of the toughest. Yet Martin makes it look so easy.

From a coach’s perspective, his style is both descriptive and instructive. His techniques for both players and coaches leap from the page, often evoking his easy, relaxed methods for drawing out exceptional performance and personal bests from his players.

If you are new to the sport or if tennis has been your life’s passion, this latest installment in what is now the Teaching Tennis trilogy will teach you something you didn’t know before.

Tennis requires skills in technique and tactics as well as the ability to compete against opponents of different ages and skill levels. Through his decades of playing and teaching at the local, regional, national, and international levels, Martin has learned how practice and competition can hone champions.

If you love tennis as much as I do, you will appreciate this consummate coach and his literary gift.

Rodney Harmon

FOREWORD BY MAGNUS NORMAN

(Magnus was one of the top Swedish players, reaching the finals of the French Open and the number 2 spot on the ATP ranking [2000]. He is now one of the leading internationally respected coaches who has helped many top players like Thomas Johansson, Robin Soderling, and Stan Wawrinka, each reaching great heights in their careers. He is also partnering with one of the leading academies in the world—Good to Great, located in Stockholm, Sweden.)

I have worked together and alongside Martin van Daalen on various player development projects, and we still keep in contact on a regular basis. I am proud to have Martin as a friend and colleague to call on for a second opinion of my players, whom I work with on tour. He knows the art of coaching, spending more than thirty-five years working with players of all levels. I really respect his knowledge of coaching—with his tactical and technical knowledge being second to none. What I also admire is his way of translating that knowledge to the players he is working with. In my opinion, that is the essence and the art of coaching. With his third book, The Development of Champions, he will assist many coaches in developing their players to the next level and bringing more pleasure and satisfaction to their game.

Magnus Norman

PREFACE

It was my dad who introduced me to the game of tennis when I was ten years old. That summer, he took my brother and me to the local tennis club and showed us how to play the game. We practiced together often until we became good enough to compete in tournaments. I played my first tournament when I was twelve and lost to the number 1 seed (6–0, 6–0). Even though I was very upset, it was at that moment that I decided I wanted to be good at this wonderful sport of tennis.

As a junior, I had a lot of good players to practice with. I also had some great coaches who taught me the basics of the game. Having an older brother to compete with helped me to try harder too. We would spend many afternoons at the club playing singles and doubles matches. There was a great tennis environment with junior and senior players of all ages. And we always stayed after for drinks and conversations.

Growing up in Holland, I played for the most part in the summer because the winters were too cold. Private lessons were expensive, and I was fortunate to receive one or two hours of instruction a week. It took over an hour of travel each way to get there. Practice was never boring to me, so I never minded the travel. From a young age, I was very independent and took charge of my own tournament schedule and took care of all the entries. I couldn’t wait for the new schedule to arrive each spring and usually had my plan ready for the year that same afternoon! Sometimes my parents drove me to the tournaments, but I would often take the bus or train to get there. I started making notes of my training, my improvements, and the players I played with. Taking notes helped me to remember the things that went well and what to improve and the specifics about matches and players. I became my own coach at an early stage.

I started getting much more serious about my tennis game around the age of sixteen. Winning many matches and becoming the junior club champion sure helped my confidence. With the limited coaching hours, compared to training today, I had to be resourceful to coach myself by reading more tennis books and making notes of my practice. I also started to do a little coaching on the side to pay for some of the expenses of traveling. After high school, I attended two years of technical college (mechanical engineering) before I realized how much I missed tennis. Little did I know that the mechanical engineering background would help me tremendously in my coaching career.

Europe has professional training for coaches, and I assigned myself the goal of becoming the best coach I could possibly be. The two years of training were extensive and detailed in teaching tennis. Part of the course is an internship working at a club. Together with the other student coaches, we had to learn how to coach students of different levels. The learning process of teaching and evaluating one another proved to be an excellent experience and training in becoming a coach.

When I was twenty, I was drafted in the national army of the Netherlands for sixteen months and stationed in Germany. Being in the army made me tougher and much more assertive in dealing with others. With the rank of sergeant, I learned how to lead others with a calm and determined demeanor. (Later on, I would help organize the first boot camp for top junior tennis players in the US at the US Marine Corps headquarters in San Diego, directed by Sgt. Maj. Keith Williams.)

After the draft, I continued the coaches training course and, at the age of twenty-one, became the youngest national coach in the Netherlands at that time. Even then, I started working on a book of training plans for technique, tactics, mental and physical training for myself. Learning how to take ownership and initiative in my future job was an early asset in my development as a teacher and a coach. After finishing the second coaching course for advanced players, I was working at three different clubs with most of the top players in the eastern part of Holland and was (playing) captain of the top team for many years.

I decided I needed more international experience and wrote to the famous coach Harry Hopman to request an intern coaching position at his academy in Largo, Florida. The Dutch Tennis Federation granted me a leave of absence to go there for three months to learn new coaching methods. It was a great experience in coaching and playing with the world’s best players at the time. Some of the top players who trained there were John McEnroe, Björn Borg, Vitas Gerulaitis, and many other great players from those days. It was a very busy place with up to 250 players training there each week. I trained there myself with Paul McNamee, Kathy Horvath, Jimmy Brown, Andrea Jaeger, and many others. Later, I returned to Holland to continue my work with the federation. I applied a lot of the new coaching techniques in working with the players and in playing tournaments myself.

A few years later, when visiting the US, I was offered a job at the Saddlebrook Tennis Resort. They had recently taken over the program from Harry Hopman, who had passed away the previous year. Working there for six and a half years was very interesting and educational. My task was to work with a variety of top junior players and professionals: Jared Palmer, Ty Tucker, Mary Pierce, Jennifer Capriati, Mark Kratzmann, Shuzo Matsuoka, Pete Sampras, Jeff Tarango, Jim Courier, and too many others to name. During this time, I took on a number of coaching opportunities, which meant traveling on the road with top juniors, pro-level players, and federations including the USTA. One of those opportunities was in Japan, working at a club and coaching juniors of the Japanese Federation. It was a very rich period of experience in learning to cope with all the various international players, customs, and styles of play.

I was also offered a job in Amsterdam as the head coach in establishing an academy, and I was in charge of all the training. I started with only six students. The academy grew rapidly, and within three years, I had forty-five students. It was a very rewarding achievement to build that academy from the ground up. It was a joy to work and develop a talented group of players. One major accomplishment that I was very proud of during that time was winning the top National League for three years in a row.

My next position as director of women’s tennis for the Dutch Tennis Federation taught me a lot about management and, unfortunately, about the politics in tennis. Even though I did not enjoy this position as much, it was a great learning tool in dealing with players, coaches, parents, and board members.

After this position ended, I took on a very promising junior, Michelle Gerards, to train her privately for the year. She made tremendous progress, and at thirteen years of age, she won the national indoor championship for eighteen and under. I was sad that I was not able to continue her development. I was invited to join the USTA player development program as a national coach and coordinator of the south region (nine Southern states). I worked for the USTA for eleven and a half years in various positions. When I first started there, I worked under Tom Gullikson (director of coaching) and, later, Lynne Rolley (director of women’s tennis) and Rodney Harmon (director of men’s tennis). I was always involved with the development of young junior top players. Some of those players were Ashley Harkleroad, Alex Kuznetsov, Chase Buchanan, Rhyne Williams, and Ryan Harrison—to name a few. At one point, I was very involved in changing the ranking system in the US to a point system similar to the one used by the ATP, WTA, and ITF junior ranking. It made sense that juniors in the US play for points just as they do on the international scene. After some opposition to the idea, it finally became a fact and is now an intricate part of the junior competition and development in the US. The new system sparked the competitive spirit in many junior players to play a lot more matches. In addition, it also allowed players to check and calculate their own ranking via the internet. As a national coach, I used to travel to many national and international events, with the Grand Slam junior tournaments being one of the main goals of the year. When the USTA commenced their training program in Boca Raton, I was in charge of the player development group of coaches on the men’s side. I oversaw the coaches and the development of the players at the academy, and I assisted with the coaching education of the national men’s coaches.

After working privately for a while on tour, I took the position of director of player development in Finland and was able to make an impact to the culture of training and tournament play. At the moment, I am back in Florida as director of programs at the Miami Beach Tennis Academy. The development of advanced players can be a very gratifying experience as a coach. To see your students progress and excel is rewarding in itself. As a coach, parent, or student, this book will assist you to reach your goals. May you have as much fun reading it as I had writing it!

Best of luck,

Martin van Daalen

Martin van Daalen (24)

1—INTRODUCTION

Teaching Tennis Volume 3 is a comprehensive book for players, coaches, and parents about the specifics of competitive tennis. The Development of Champions is the last of the trilogy of instructional tennis books. It will enhance the understanding of methodology and progression in teaching tournament players. After the fundamentals of the game are explained in volume 1, readers are able to build on this information in the second book with specific details on how to develop advanced technical, tactical, mental, and physical skills. Volume 3 is for instructing tournament players of all levels for individual and team competition. It is beneficial for readers to examine these books in order. The books complement one another in the development, progression, and application process while improving your game.

Players are able to improve their competitive game with tips and practice drills. There are detailed instructions on how to play the game by developing a basic game plan with strategies and tactics that fit your personal game style. And it will also show you how to improve the physical and mental part of your game with exercises and multiple examples.

Coaches are able to use this book as a teaching guide to develop intermediate and advanced tournament players. The Development of Champions is an extensive and detailed book for coaches, covering all competitive aspects of the game. It includes some short stories and anecdotes from personal coaching experiences to illustrate some of the problems that can occur in teaching and coaching.

Parents can use this book to either assist their children with coaching or use it as a reference or handbook in solving many issues that arise in the development of tennis players. It will provide parents with firsthand knowledge of the many issues that coaches and players deal with and how to solve them.

Martin van Daalen

Sofya Vinogradova, Pearl Navratik, Sammy Nieder

2—COACHING CHAMPIONS

The Definition of a Tennis Champion

A person who has defeated all opponents in a competition or has shown significant results in a series of events over time.

In the game of tennis, there are many champions. When playing competitions, we can win a local event as a junior or as an adult, but there are many different levels to follow to succeed as a champion. Rankings at each level or age group can also be a way to define a champion. As players, you can move up from local, state, and regional events to national events; and as juniors, you can also advance in the different age groups (twelve, fourteen, sixteen, eighteen). In college, you can advance in positions on your team then to being successful in regional events or in the NCAA final tournament. In international junior and pro events, there are several levels to progress, which all lead to major Grand Slam events. Each level provides champions, and each step requires more skills to advance. Below is the list that shows the progression of levels in the US and in international events:

1. Local (level 9–6, in 2021 this will change to 7-6)

2. State (level 5–3)

3. Regional/National (level 3–1)

4. ITF Juniors (Levels 5–1, B3, B1, A)

5. ITF Juniors Grand Slam events

6. College US (NCAA—D1, D2, D3, NAIA, NJCAA)

7. ITF Pro Future Events (10K–15K)

8. ITF Pro Challenger events (25K–100K)

9. ATP/WTA events (250, 500, 1000)

10. ATP/WTA Grand Slams (US Open, Wimbledon, French Open, and Australian Open)

As you can see, there are many levels to go through to become a top player. But that does not mean you can’t become a champion in your own right. Everyone has their own skill and talent level that can make them excel to their top performance. To reach your goals, you have to give it your 100-percent effort and see how far you can go. At the same time, provide yourself with the proper opportunities to succeed.

Developing a Champion

There are many pathways to take to develop a champion. Some of these champions are natural talents of the game, with a good understanding of how to execute their strokes with ease and how to use them strategically. But then there are also examples of hard workers who have used their energy and persistence to learn the game and become successful in their own right. Some players become a champion early as a junior. Whereas for others, it might take a while, and they don’t mature until college or right after when they play on the tour. So what are the fundamental components that make them succeed?

1. Developing good fundamentals of the strokes and footwork

Having smooth and efficient strokes and footwork will greatly increase the chance to develop as a player. Sound fundamentals are easier to execute and repeat with automation to greatly increase consistency and confidence. This in turn will increase the execution under pressure to perform in competitive match situations. The simple, rotational, and continuous execution of the strokes is more efficient than mechanical strokes with hitches and/or stops in the motion. The rotational (oval shaped) and continuous motions can use the gravitational force to accelerate the racket head from the top of the backswing. The momentum of the racket and the drop of the arm and racket into the forward action toward the contact point enhances racket head speed and uses less energy. Lesser energy relaxes the arm and grip pressure needed to produce the stroke to increase feel and coordination to control the ball. If you consider how many strokes are hit over the course of a match (average of two hundred to five hundred strokes over a two-to-three-set match), you can imagine that this will influence not only consistency but also efficiency and stamina of a player. Over the long term, it also can prevent injuries. The proper and smooth footwork of a player can also be of great influence to greater consistency and efficiency in execution of the strokes. You can observe this in how well players position themselves behind the ball before each stroke in a timely and balanced fashion.

2. Having an experienced developmental coach and mentor

Finding an experienced developmental coach or mentor is not an easy task. In a study done by the USTA, it was estimated that 60 percent of all young tennis players in the US are coached by their parents. Having an experienced coach, with knowledge of developing players, will greatly increase your chances to succeed in competition. This person should be someone with an interest in developing juniors to advanced players and who has a proven track record in doing so. As a parent or player, you need to do your homework. You need to investigate their background, experience, results, and demeanor as a coach. These factors become important to find the coach who fits your character traits and whom you respect not only as a coach but also as a person. Ex-players have the experience on how to play themselves but don’t necessarily possess the coaching and development skills (or patience) to pass their experiences on to promising students. To develop a champion, you need more advanced skills as a coach:

• a playing background that provides insight in what it takes to become a player

• a professional coaching education for high-performance players

• a trained professional with a passion to gain knowledge and experience of developmental progressions of coaching, tournament scheduling, and advanced training methods

• an understanding of child psychology and physical development

• a person who promotes good character and values in his players

• a coach who takes the time to watch his player compete in tournaments

• a compassionate and patient person who mentors a player to be successful

All these factors combined should make it clear that as a parent, you cannot do this job unless you are a high-performance coach yourself. And even then, it still might be ill-advised if there are too many emotions involved.

3. Having a good training environment

The training environment is set by the coaches and managers who are responsible for the programming at your facility. They can set the stage to create a pleasant training atmosphere that stimulates the learning and developmental process and makes it comfortable and fun for students and parents alike. So how do you create this particular environment in your facility and programs?

• employ experienced developmental coaches with a passion for coaching

• employ friendly and knowledgeable office staff

• be strict on discipline and rules during training but also make it fun

• have a good mix of training, games, fitness, and match play in practice

• have developmental plans for all your players and discuss it with all involved

• create a social environment around the group so they feel like a team

• go to tournaments or road trips together

• have other social events together at your facility (club matches)

When you do all these things in your facility, the staff, members, kids, and parents will feel part of a group that treats everyone with kindness, compassion, and respect to create a pleasant and competitive environment.

4. Continuity of coaching

This is an important factor in the development process. Having one voice and method can greatly help the progress and confidence of a player—especially when working with advanced players in the age groups ten to sixteen (as juniors) and sixteen to twenty-one (as transitional players). In the first stage (ten to sixteen), you are trying to develop all the fundamentals in technical, tactical, physical, and mental aspects of competition. Without mastering this first stage, there is little chance to move on to the second stage. In the second stage (sixteen to twenty-one), you are developing national and international players who are transitioning to college or pro events. This last group is the most difficult to manage, and this is where most mistakes are made. Too many changes at this stage destroy confidence in a player’s ability to play. Parents need to consider this before they decide to coach their own child. How long can you fulfill this role? And is it the right choice for your child? Many players change coaches if they, or their parents, see other players be successful with another coach. Especially in tennis, the grass seems to be greener on the other side. Making a change in coaching makes you lose time in development more often and is not recommended. If a new coach starts changing the technique of a player, a loss of confidence is most likely going to occur. With every major change in your strokes, you should count on a loss of at least six months to a year. This is even more the case with older players. The longer a player has been trained to hit the ball a particular way, the longer it takes to change anything. The reason for this phenomenon is the muscle memory that assists in automated motions.

Changes in strokes should only be considered if the current stroke will hamper the player’s development and if players themselves are adamant in making the change. In the development of every player, there is a certain plateau where they stagnate for a while before improving again. This is true for virtually every player and can be deceiving to players and parents in thinking they are not making any progress. Only make changes in coaching when you feel the coach has reached their plateau in what they can teach you or when the relationship is breaking down.

5. Quality of play in practices and matches

In order to develop champions, it is crucial to have quality and intensity in your practice sessions. The quality of play is the level of execution of strokes, strategy, physical execution, and mental attitude. The intensity is the level of effort applied in practices and matches. They are both imperative to the development of high-performance players in order to succeed at a national, international, or elite level of play. Coaches can improve intensity by making it clear how fast a drill or exercise needs to be executed by using a grade scale from 1 to 10, 10 being the highest level. In the beginning, you can ask the player if they know at what level of intensity they are in and correct them if they are over- or understating these levels. Very soon, they will learn how to use this in match play to defeat their opponents on intensity alone. The quality can be improved by using video. Players can receive good feedback on their execution and make corrections accordingly. Sometimes you can have them perform in front of their peers as an example. You will see how much more they try to execute with more quality (to impress their peers), and others will follow that example more willingly with more energy and excellence.

6. Make a developmental plan and proper tournament schedule

Once a player becomes more advanced and is playing an extensive tournament schedule, it is time to make a developmental plan. The plan is an outline on how to develop their game to fit their style of play from a technical, tactical, mental, and conditional aspect. This plan needs to be a guideline for the training and tournament schedules. It should contain detail on when to play, when to train, and most importantly, when to rest! The plan needs to be made together with the player, coach(es), and parents. Make it simple and realistic to its purpose and stick to it! Make sure everyone fully agrees to the plan and has had ample input. Usually, the simple and original plans are the best for everyone.

7. Becoming a student of the game

In order to learn how to play the game, you have to study all aspects of the game. You can do this by studying other players and matches to learn about the execution of strokes, strategies, shot choices, patterns, different footwork usages, and strengths and weaknesses of players and how they are exploited. This is where a logbook can be instrumental to make notes on your training, matches, and strategies and the strengths and weaknesses of your opponents for future reference. Reading books and tennis articles and discussing matches with your coach are other ways to increase your knowledge and become a student of the game.

8. Commitment, passion, and sacrifices

Becoming a high-performance competitor in tournaments requires a very high commitment in training and matches to be successful. Players need to be fully engaged and must understand the process of development and longevity of the learning process. This is needed to gain the skills and experience necessary to reach their goals. It takes passion for the sport and great character to become a champion. You have to love the training and hard work it takes to make improvements in small strides (sometimes you don’t improve for a while until you master the skill). Amounts of improvements can vary over time and are not always visible. Players can reach a plateau before making another jump in skills and experience before the results are clearly visible. The sacrifices in the tennis sport are not only great on players but also on family members. Becoming a high-performance player takes time and money. You need time to train several times a week for several years and time in playing many tournaments to move yourself up the rankings to get into national and international events. Parents and players are spending most of their free time after school and during weekends and vacations at the training facilities and tournament sites. This can be a lot of added stress on the family in general and on relationships if the main goal is results instead of the improvements and the pleasurable aspects of the game. Also, the financial aspect plays a large role in developing a top player. It is quite expensive to train in a program several days a week with possible private lessons as well. And then you have the cost of travel, entry fees, and coaching. All in all, there’s a need for large commitment from all involved.

9. Having a financial understanding to develop a champion

Developing a high-performance tennis player is very costly. Not only in the cost of training with group and private training but also the travel expenses of the sectional, national, or international tournament schedule (this might also be one of the reasons why many parents in the US are coaching their own child). Just playing in the sectional events can be expensive. If the goal is to reach the top of the national rankings in each age group, the costs are much higher. Below is an example of the total yearly cost for an average high-performance junior player at a sectional level:

To make calculations for a transitional player and pro player starting on the tour, the numbers are different from juniors since more training, coaching, and traveling are involved. See an estimate of the cost below:

As you can see, becoming a tennis champion is an expensive venture. Even as a top junior in the US, it takes about $24,000 in order to play the sectional and national events. As a transitional or starting pro player, these costs only go up. There are some advantages if you are a top player in your age group with financial aid from the federations and sometimes even from your section.

10. Enjoying the journey

Learning the game of tennis and excelling to become a high-performance player can be a very enjoyable experience if you allow it to be! Having fun along the way and taking the time to enjoy your accomplishments are very important factors. Too often, elite players can get caught up in a quest for money or to become famous. And granted, it is not easy to stay grounded when you become a champion and you get so much attention from all around you. Especially as tennis players, we get spoiled once we get to travel to national and international events. Seeing all the different sites and events is not there for everyone, so once you get to be in that fortunate position, try to respect it and enjoy every minute of it. Stay humble and stick to your routines and always take some time to explore your surroundings. This will keep you grounded and make you perform better with less stress. Make sure to make friends along the way with other players, coaches, and parents. This will enhance your comfort level in the tennis environment. With less drama and emotional baggage in relationships, you can compete more freely at a higher level. Your competitive life span will end at one point, so don’t let the best moments pass you by and enjoy the journey!

3—ARE CHAMPIONS BORN, OR ARE THEY MADE?

There will always be talented tennis players who have obvious skills that seem to make everything they do look effortless, as if they were born to be champions. And those skills can vary from technical to tactical or physical and mental strengths. Most of the champions understand how to play the game, but the true legends of the game separate themselves from the rest with how much they are willing to sacrifice in their lifestyle, willing to train more with pleasure, and willing to work hard to improve. I have witnessed both situations of players who rose to the top through their talents and also of players who got there through their hard work, willpower, and dedication.

The examples of players who were born to be champions seem obvious when mentioning the likes of Pete Sampras, John McEnroe, Andre Agassi, Steffi Graf, Martina Navratilova, Chris Evert, Martina Hingis, Rafael Nadal, and Roger Federer. All these players struggled a little in the beginning but rose much quicker to the top once they reached their teenage years. These players all reached the top hundred in the ranking way earlier than most, and their domination in the tennis sport is now part of history. Their talent lies in the fact that they were able to handle the stress of competition and the global travel from an early age. There are also players who did not progress so fast and had to rely on their relentless efforts. Some of those who are at the top of the rankings at this moment are some of those I have watched up close as juniors. If