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    California
    California
    California
    Ebook224 pages1 hour

    California

    By Diana Prince

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    About this ebook

    California is not just a place—it is a unique experience. This place that launched the surfing craze of the sixties has also been at the forefront of industry and science. It has been a trendsetter and an innovator in education and the arts. California is the movie capital of the world, and it also has the world’s fifth largest economy. Today, Silicon Valley ranks first in computer technology.

    Through captivating photos and stories of California, past and present, this book explores the incredible natural beauty and indomitable spirit of the Golden State.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAuthorHouse
    Release dateJan 9, 2019
    ISBN9781546274360
    California
    Author

    Diana Prince

    Dr. Diana Prince has a master’s degree in English and a master’s degree in philosophy from California State University at San Diego. She also has a PhD. in psychology from United States International University.

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      Book preview

      California - Diana Prince

      © 2019 Diana Prince. All rights reserved.

      No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

      transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

      Published by AuthorHouse 01/07/2018

      ISBN: 978-1-5462-7434-6 (sc)

      ISBN: 978-1-5462-7435-3 (hc)

      ISBN: 978-1-5462-7436-0 (e)

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2018915258

      All photos are used with permission of Getty Images.

      12994.png

      Contents

      SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

      San Diego

      Where It All Began—the California Missions

      Beaches in the Sun

      Industry Giant—Consolidated Aircraft

      Aviation Firsts in San Diego

      Star of India

      California’s Military Town

      Cabrillo Lighthouse

      Local Legends

      Balboa Park

      World’s First Glass Elevator

      Coronado Island

      Wyatt Earp and the Gaslamp District

      Tracking the Whales

      Local Ghosts

      Sea World

      Palomar Observatory

      SOUTH COASTAL CALIFORNIA

      Highway 101

      The Coastal Beach Towns

      San Clemente

      Surf City

      Catalina Island

      Twenty-Six Miles Across the Sea

      LOS ANGELES AREA

      Santa Monica

      Santa Monica Ocean Pier

      Anaheim

      Disney’s Magic Kingdom

      Malibu

      Ultimate Beaches

      Buena Park

      Boysenberries and Ghost Towns

      Hollywood

      Movie Capitol USA

      Long Beach

      The Queen Mary

      Palm Springs

      Desert Hideaway

      CENTRAL CALIFORNIA

      San Simeon

      The Castle on the Hill

      Death Valley

      Hottest Place on Earth

      Big Sur

      The Splendid Coast

      The Point Sur Light Station

      Monterey

      The Perfect Peninsula

      NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

      Sacramento

      The 49’s and the California Gold Rush

      San Francisco

      The Golden Gate Bridge

      Alcatraz — the Island Prison

      Fisherman’s Wharf

      Coit Tower

      Chinatown

      Elite Nob Hill

      Haight - Ashbury

      The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906

      Silicon Valley

      The New Giants

      Napa and Sonoma

      The Wines of Napa Valley

      The Redwood Forests

      The World’s Oldest and Tallest Trees

      LIST OF PHOTOS

      Big Surf

      1     Mission San Diego de Alcala, the first Mission in California

      2     Morning in Ocean Beach

      3     La Jolla Surfer

      4     Star of India Ship

      5     Cabrillo Lighthouse in Point Loma

      6     The Museum of Man in Balboa Park, San Diego

      7     Casa de Balboa and the Lily Pond in Balboa Park, San Diego

      8     Coronado Bridge

      9     Hotel del Coronado

      10   The Whaley House

      11   Visitor with a Seal at a Sea World Park

      12   Young girl with Seagulls on the Beach

      13   Diving from a Boat in San Clemente Harbor

      14   San Clemente Pier at Sunset

      15   Catalina Island

      16   Sailing off Catalina Island

      17   Ride at Disneyland in Anaheim, California

      18   A Good Surfing Day

      19   The Hollywood Sign

      20   Footprints at Grauman’s Chinese Theater on Hollywood Boulevard’s

      «Walk of Stars»

      21   The Queen Mary, built in 1936, berthed at Long Beach

      22   Flying a Kite in Palm Springs

      23   Hearst Castle at San Simeon built by William Randolph Hearst

      24   Banquet Room in Hearst Castle at San Simeon

      25   Humpback Whale in Monterey Bay

      26   Cannery Row on Monterey Waterfront

      27   Monterey Aquarium

      28   Lone Cypress at Carmel

      29   Golden Gate Bridge near Marshall’s Beach in San Francisco

      30   Cable Car with Alcatraz in the Background

      31   Skyscrapers in San Francisco Business District

      32   Palace of Fine Arts Museum in San Francisco

      33   Young Woman at Haight-Ashbury in 1967

      34   Napa Valley Vineyards

      35   Visitor in the Redwoods National Park near Orick, California

      Southern California Beach

      SOUTHERN

      CALIFORNIA

      San Diego

      Where It All Began—the California Missions

      The settlement of California by the Spanish began in 1769 when the padres established the first mission in San Diego in the southernmost part of what is now California. This mission was named Mission San Diego de Alcala, and it was California’s first church. It is located in the heart of San Diego’s Mission Valley. In all, the mission priests established a total of 21 missions in California.

      To determine the exact location to build each mission, the padres traveled north on foot from San Diego. They decided that each mission should be one day’s walking distance from the next mission. And so a chain of rustic adobe and red tile missions eventually linked all of California from the south to the north. That sequence of missions and the trail that unites them south to north is called El Camino Real. The name Camino Real means Way of the King or the King’s Road. This Trail of Missions is 600 miles long.

      Many of the cities in California were named after their mission sites, which accounts for the overwhelming number of saints’ names which are common among California’s cities and towns. San Diego was named after a Spanish saint. San Francisco was named after St Francis. The now sprawling metropolis of Los Angeles was initially called The City of Angels.

      Spanish priests were dispatched from Mexico to colonize the territory of California. The missions themselves were built in conjunction with a presidio or fort. In addition to being a religions endeavor, the forts were secular outposts as well. Keeping the peace and order were a priority. The regiments of soldiers were there to ensure it.

      Often schools and job centers were located on the mission grounds for the local villagers to attend. It is important to recognize that an already established indigenous people had lived on this land long before the Spaniards arrived.

      The missions in California were built by the Franciscan padres at the direction of King Carlos III of Spain. The padres were in search of souls, but King Carlos wanted to secure his rule of law in this new territory. Therefore, with each new mission founded, troops were assigned to the mission to keep the peace.

      Beginning in 1769, Spanish explorer Portola and his men colonized all of what was called Alta, or Upper California. This was distinct from Mexico, the territory to the south. In Alta California, Portola and his regiments systematically built presidios and settlements from San Diego in the south to San Francisco in the north.

      The very first of the twenty-one missions established in California was Mission San Diego de Alcala founded by the Franciscan padre, Father Junipero Serra on July 16, 1769. The original location was on a hill near San Diego Bay. At the top of the hill was the Presidio, or Spanish Fort, with a sweeping view of the valley to the east. This was the military outpost and barracks for the soldiers. The first church building, itself, was an adobe structure with wooden poles and a thatched roof.

      Established tribes had lived in this place for centuries, and it was inevitable that these newcomers, with their soldiers and their new concepts of religion would be seen as a threat by the local inhabitants. Some of the Indian leaders, fearing the erosion of their customs and ancient ways, retaliated. The Kumeyay Tribe set the mission ablaze with fiery arrows. Spanish soldiers nearby reacted to the conflict. In the process, one of the priests, Father Jayme, was killed. The mission building was totally destroyed. Today a brick cross marks the original site of that first church.

      After the confrontation with the Kumeyay, the decision was made to rebuild the mission church a few miles further inland. The rebuilt mission was completed in 1774 at the current site in Mission Valley near the San Diego River.

      It should be noted that the collaboration of the Indians and their involvement with the missions also had some positive results. A great number of Indians also benefitted over time economically because of the missions. At one point, over 1,500 natives lived or worked on the mission grounds.

      At the San Diego de Alcala mission, the two most important industries were cattle raising and agriculture. Herds of sheep were raised on mission grounds, and the mission buildings were used to make yarn and weave cloth. In the fields around the mission, agriculture was thriving. Major crops included grapes, corn, beans and barley. In 1795, the Indians built aqueducts and a water system throughout the entire region. Some of the mission holdings extended to land that included one-third of what is now designated as the city of San Diego. The National Park Service records indicate that the mission had extensive irrigation systems by the late 1700’s and that there were 50,000 acres of active mission vineyards at that time.

      01.jpg

      There were a number of problems that were to beset the missions in the next few years. In 1800, and three years later in 1803, there was severe earthquake damage to the missions. Several years later, Abraham Lincoln sent funding to repair the major earthquake damage to the mission’s front walls. By that time the mission was in serious disrepair.

      Another setback for the missions occurred in 1822. At that time, Mexico won independence from Spain and with this came the selling off of mission lands through land grants issued by the new Mexican government. When mission land was being confiscated through land grants, very few of the Indians chose to leave. Some of them were given land.

      Today, the mission looks much as it did in its early days. One familiar and recognized site at the mission is the bell tower with its five large mission bells. One of these bells, called the Ave Maria Purisimas weighs over 800 pounds.

      Daily mass is still held at this mission and it is a regularly functioning parish in the Mission Valley area. Once a year, on the "Feast of St Francis, Patron of Animals", people bring their pets of every variety to receive the "Blessing of the

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