Secrets of Ufo Technology

Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1: Anti-Mass Field Theory and UFO Propulsion

Chapter 2: UFO Understructures, Landing Gear, and Lighting Patterns

Chapter 3: The UFO Interio

Chapter 4: Compass Needle Deflections by UFOs

Chapter 5: How UFOs Cause Automotive Failures

Chapter 6: Solid Beams: How and Why UFOs Produce Them

Chapter 7: Understanding UFO Ring Structures

Chapter 8: The Role of Waffled Hull Surfaces in UFO Propulsion

Chapter 9: Flying Tops and Spindles

Chapter 10: UFO Invisibility and Interpenetrability

Chapter 11: The Secret of the Crystal Rotor

Chapter 12: The Secrets of Unidentified Flying Humanoids (UFH)

Chapter 13: The Secrets of Rod Bearing Humanoids

Chapter 14: The Structure of Mother Ships

Chapter 15: Alien Clothing and Life Aboard a Mother Ship

Chapter 16: Understanding UFO Related Animal Mutilations

Chapter 17: Construction Techniques for Alien Space Bases

Chapter 18: Surviving Close Encounters of the Second, Third, and Fourth Kind

Chapter 19: A Design for Earth’s First Flying Saucer

Epilogue: The Future of UFO Research

Introduction

It was during the 1960’s that I first developed an interest in the topic of UFOs. By the mid-1970’s I had collected and read through a personal library of several hundred volumes on the subject and was firmly convinced in the physical reality of the many apparently reliable sightings that were on record even though I could not rationalize them completely in terms of the physics that I had learned during the course of my science oriented education. It seemed obvious to me that the UFO sightings that were the most dramatic for witnesses were, in at least some of the cases, most probably exactly what they appeared to be: extraterrestrial air and spacecraft which were under the intelligent control of living beings of extraterrestrial origin. Yet, in practically every case that I studied there always seemed to be paradoxical elements present which defied explanation in terms of twentieth century physics.

For example, a craft whose gleaming hull indicated a massive metallic construction would float in the sky without any apparent means of propulsion and then suddenly dart off at with enormous velocity. In some sightings, a craft would, almost instantly, execute a sharp turn in flight and, on occasion, do so repeatedly in what came to be called a sky dance in the early UFO literature. I wondered how the crews of these craft could survive the body crushing g-forces implied by such violent aerobatic maneuvers. It was obvious to me that our visitors had somehow learned to artificially control the normally present gravitational and inertial properties of matter, but I was, at the very beginning of my research into these details, totally clueless as to how they achieved this.

There were also a plethora of additional secondary effects that were associated with the elusive UFOs. Most notable were the various visible glows that enveloped the hulls of most nocturnal UFOs whose color seemed to vary with the velocity of the craft. The fact that UFOs also occasionally emitted intense radiation in other than the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum was amply demonstrated by the many cases involving so-called EM effects. These could range from radio interference whenever UFOs were locally present to the skin burns and eye inflammations that occurred when human witnesses found themselves in close proximity to a craft with an active propulsion system.

Finally, there was the perplexing matter of how a UFO, in the form of a large mother ship carrier of smaller scout craft, could move fast enough in space to make interstellar voyages conveniently brief enough in duration for its crew. I had been told in my science classes that no material object could even attain much less exceed the velocity of light. Yet, it seemed to me that our visitors would have to be doing just this if they routinely traveled to our solar system from nearby star systems. Again, in my early days of researching this topic, I could neither find nor offer a reasonable explanation as to how UFOs might break the light barrier as they traversed the immense distances that separate even the nearest of star systems in our galaxy.

I was well aware of the fact that over 90% of all reported UFO sightings, upon thorough investigation, eventually proved to not be of extraterrestrial origin. This vast majority of cases turned out to be such things as observations of prosaic natural or artificial objects by average people who were not familiar with them or observed them under unusual conditions, hoaxes by some people, and hallucinations by a very small number of others. However, that still left a small percentage of cases wherein the only possible explanation seemed to be that a genuine UFO had been observed by one or more human beings. The literature I devoured in my early study of the subject seemed to me to mostly contain this reliable residue of cases. With rare exception, I tended to avoid cases in which people claimed to have made contact with extraterrestrials or to have gone for rides in their craft. While such scenarios were not physically or technically impossible, these cases stretched even my imagination too far. Most were stories delivered by lone witnesses and I quickly discovered that, in practically all of these cases, my study of them would yield no advancement of my understanding of the technical aspects of the phenomenon. I was particularly wary of alleged contact cases wherein the witness was given some sort of philosophy or moral message to deliver to humanity.

My interest in ufology was not merely a scientific one either. By the mid-1970’s I had already had two sightings of unusual aerial objects under conditions that seemed to me to preclude the possibility that a conventional aircraft had been observed. Both cases involved multiple witnesses and were observed at night. My first experience occurred in my hometown of Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA in the early 1960’s and the second one took place in the mountain village of Taxco in Mexico during the summer of 1974. I will briefly outline the events of the second sighting I had below because I consider it typical of the many reliable reported sightings that can provide us with a few clues as to how an actual UFO might operate.

My Mexico sighting occurred during a vacation tour that a friend and I had decided to take together in July of 1974. After arriving in Mexico City, we made the usual visits to the various museums and religious shrines for a few days and then found ourselves on a comfortable bus that was to take us across the central mountains of that country to the seaside resort city of Acapulco on its west coast where we would spend a few days before returning to the United States. It was a long trip by bus between Mexico City and Acapulco and we had to make a one day stop over in the mountain village of Taxco. This village was at the time famous throughout Mexico for the beautiful handmade jewelry that its artisans fabricated from silver that was mined in the steep surrounding mountains.

Our bus arrived in Taxco on a Saturday afternoon in the early part of the month. After checking out the room we would share at the village’s De La Borda Hotel, my friend and I decided to take a short walking tour of the various shops that surrounded the hotel. As I recall, this hotel was situated on a hill top and the streets leading down to the shops near it were fairly steep. We could have taken one of the many taxi cabs available at the hotel for tourists, but decided to walk.

Several hours later we returned to the hotel and, before dinner was to be served in the dining room, we decided to spend some time on the hotel’s back veranda which had a commanding view of the main part of the village which stretched out before us in a shallow valley. As I looked over the railing of the wide veranda, I could see the village’s main church to our left. Directly in front of and about a hundred feet below us lay several fields on the edge of the village which were cultivated as orchards. Perhaps they were apple orchards judging by the abundance of fresh fruit that was available at our hotel. Directly opposite our position at a distance of about 1200 to 1400 yards away was a steep mountain wall which rose up from the cultivated fields at about a steep 60 degree slope. This rocky wall rose up above our level for hundreds of feet and its top was obscured by a dense layer of fog. At the altitude we were then at, this fog was actually the bottom of a cloud!

It was about 5:40 p.m. local time and we sat together engrossed in conversation about the various sights we had seen. My friend sat facing me with his back to the imposing mountain wall opposite our position and I sat facing him and could see the main part of the village towards my left. As I spoke to him I noticed that the daylight was beginning to fade and that twilight had begun. It had been hours since either of us had eaten anything and we were quite hungry. To make this account as factual as possible, I should also mention that we had both ordered one mixed drink each which we slowly sipped as we awaited one of the free dinners that was included as part of our tour package . Let me just state for the record here and now that neither of us was intoxicated in the least from those alcoholic beverages which we had just begun to consume when the following events occurred.

As I faced my companion, I suddenly became aware of a small moving spot of reddish-orange light which I noticed moving up the mountain wall behind him. This object distracted me and I quickly drew his attention to it. To give the reader an idea of its apparent size as viewed from our position, I would say that it appeared to be the same size as a poppy seed that is held at arm’s length. Obviously, this is rather small, but my eyesight was very acute in those days and the object seemed much too bright to be shining by reflected light.

It ascended the steep mountain wall at what must have been tens of miles per hour and as it did so my friend and I began to speculate about what we were seeing. My friend suggested that it was probably the tail light of an automobile which I immediately dismissed because to the steep slope up which the light traveled. Then we considered the possibility that it might be some sort of cable car, but again we eliminated this possibility because of the slope involved and the fact that we had been informed by our tour guide about all of the sights to see in the village and no mention had been made of a cable car. After a few more moments of hypothesizing, one of us mentioned the possibility that we were seeing some sort of UFO! Finally, we just lapsed into silence and fixed our gazes on this strange point of light. As I did so, I noticed that its glow seemed to be pulsating slowly and that it was floating up without actually being in contact with the mountain wall.

After a minute or so of ascending, the glowing orb finally reached the topmost visible portion of the rock wall whereupon it entered the foggy layer there and disappeared from sight. At the exact instant that it entered the fog, it was momentarily surrounded by a ring of bright reddish-orange light that then disappeared along with the object. When I saw this I was convinced that the object was, in fact, emitting its own light and was spherical in shape. This ring or halo must have been light from the object that was being refracted by the water droplets in the mist so that it was directed back to our position on the veranda. The halo effect produced was similar to those that are sometimes seen around the Sun or moon when they are viewed through a thin layer of high altitude clouds.

It was now about 5:50 p.m. local time and the twilight was fading so quickly that it was almost completely dark out and various house lights were beginning to come on across the village below and to the left of us. We, however, continued to fix our gazes at the spot in the fog layer where the object had disappeared. After less that a minute of its disappearance from our view, it reappeared and began a slow descent down the face of the rock wall! This event caused us some excitement and I noticed that the object’s slow pulsation and glow had become more noticeable.

As the object descended, it did not merely move straight down toward the ground which was hundreds of feet below it, but, rather, it descended in a sort of zigzagging pattern. That is, it would descend at a shallow angle a hundred feet to our right, stop, and then reverse its direction of travel until it had swept a hundred feet or so to our left. On its way toward the ground, it must have completed three or four of its right to left sweeps and, at the time of this incident, I had the distinct impression that the object was somehow scanning the rock surfaces over which it flew and was searching for something.

The orb descended in the above described manner until it reached an altitude of about 100 feet above the valley floor at which point it stopped and remained hovering. At this height, the object was slightly below our position on the veranda. After about another minute or so of hovering, it began slowly moving toward our position. This increased our excited, but also began to make us a little apprehensive. Had the object somehow detected our observation of it? Was it coming over to our position to inspect us?

We had nothing to worry about because after slowly moving toward us for less than a minute, the object again stopped and remained hovering about a hundred feet above a large tree in the orchard nearest the foot of the rock wall. It then very slowly sank down toward the tree and seemed to hover near the top of its canopy for another minute or so. As I strained my eyes to see the object, I saw it slowly sink from view behind the tree as its glow faded away. By now it was almost pitch dark out and I could just about make out the tree in the darkness.

We were now both very excited at the possibility of having actually witnessed what might be the landing of a genuine UFO. I suggested to my friend that we immediately hire one of the always available taxicabs at the hotel and try to get over to the possible landing site as quickly as possible. We both had cameras with electronic flashes and this might be a very rare opportunity to get some close up photographs of such a craft. My friend, however, did not share my enthusiasm at all. He stated that it was now almost pitch dark out, we would be missing our free dinner after not having eaten anything for hours, and, most importantly, my suggestion might actually be dangerous! Reluctantly, I found myself agreeing with him. Yes, I did have a 35mm camera with a flash, but it was up in the room we were sharing and to retrieve it I would have had to run across tile floors that had just been mopped by the hotel staff. It was very dark out and we did not have any kind of a map for the part of the village where the landing might have occurred. And, perhaps most importantly, I recalled several UFO cases I had read about wherein a witness was seriously burned upon approaching a hovering object that was glowing.

So, in this case, it was we, the observers, who were forced to leave the scene rather than the UFO. To this day I still have some mixed feelings about our decision, but the simple truth is that we were just not properly equipped for such an undertaking in a foreign country. It we had actually lived in Taxco, then it might have been a different story. We could have secured proper permission from the owner of the property to conduct an on-site investigation the next day in the light to see if we could find any evidence of the landing.

To complete this tale, let me just state that the remainder of the trip was enjoyable although not as exciting as the night we spent in Taxco. I have had two other UFO sightings since the one in Mexico in 1974, but my Mexican sighting stands out in my mind because of its relatively long duration which I estimate was probably about 10 to 15 minutes or so. I later calculated that, based on the distance of the object and its apparent size to us as we viewed it, our UFO was probably spherical in shape with an actual diameter of about 12 feet. This is certainly large enough to carry at least one human sized occupant or several smaller ones.

My Mexican UFO sighting is certainly not as dramatic as most that find their way into the UFO literature, but it helped give me a kind of certainty that the phenomenon is real. I was one of the multitudes of average people who had witnessed such objects. I knew it was real with a kind of certainty that went beyond that gained by a person who has only read about other people’s sightings.

This certainty I gained did not, however, remove all skepticism from me concerning other people’s claimed sightings. Although I was a believer, I still trusted my intuition when it came to deciding if I felt comfortable in accepting a given UFO report as probably genuine. Trying to base a scientific analysis of the phenomenon on erroneous or hoaxed cases would, in the long run, be fruitless. The only effective approach that seemed available to me was to try to base an analysis on as large a database of high probability cases as possible. This is the approach that I tried to pursue as I continued my research of the topic over the decades.

It was also sometime during the mid-1970’s that I had another rather unique and, in some ways, pivotal experience that, incredibly, actually gave me about 50% of the solution to the riddle of UFO propulsion!

While looking for a book on mathematics at the main branch of the Free Public Library in my hometown of Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA, I accidentally found and started flipping through a book on plasma physics. In it I then found a diagram showing what happens to both negative and positive electrically charged particles when they are located in a region of space that is simultaneously penetrated by both an electric and a magnetic field whose field lines or lines of force are arranged at right angles to each other. The illustration showed that the oppositely charged particles would then both be forced to move in the same direction and at a right angle to the planes defined by the crossed electric and magnetic field lines. This interesting effect had been discovered by a Dutch physicist named Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853 to 1928) and, in his honor, the forces acting on the electrically charged particles which cause them to move are known as Lorentz forces.

The diagram I studied that day also showed that as the electrically charged particles were forced to move along by the Lorentz forces acting on them, these particles would not move with simple straight trajectories, but rather were forced to execute microscopic looping movements that traced out trajectories consisting of a long series of repeating shapes that are known as cycloids in geometry. The erratic motion of the electrically charged particles as they trace out each tiny cycloid then causes them to emit a form of electromagnetic radiation that is known as cyclotron radiation because of the manner in which it is generated.

Underneath the book’s illustration there was an equation that gave the frequency of the emitted cyclotron radiation in terms of the strength of the electric and magnetic fields that were affecting a charged particle and the mass of that particle. From inspecting this equation, it was obvious that the frequency of the cyclotron radiation was inversely proportionate to the mass of the electrically charged particle emitting it. So, as the mass of a charged particle decreased, the frequency of the cyclotron radiation it emitted would increase. This is because less massive electrically charged particles will execute smaller, tighter cycloids when they are moved by Lorentz forces. Therefore, as the mass of a charged particle decreases, the number of cycloids it traces out per second will increase and this will then increase the frequency of the emitted cyclotron radiation.

It was at this moment that I had a revelation. I realized that the visible glows that seemed to emanate from the air immediately surrounding a UFO’s metallic hull must, in fact, be cyclotron radiation!

I suddenly realized that the craft, in the process of negating its own mass (and the weight and inertia associated with this mass) must also be greatly reducing the masses of the atmospheric gas particles immediately surrounding its hull. This boundary layer of air was then also somehow ionized to form a rich plasma or mixture of electrically charged atoms, molecules, and the electrons that had been ejected from these.

On the inside of the craft’s hull there would be equipment capable of projecting electric and magnetic fields from the hull out into the boundary layer of plasma immediately near the hull. These fields would be carefully arranged so that they would create regions in the surrounding layer of plasma where the two types of fields would cross each other at right angles. At whatever region near the UFO’s hull where the projected electric and magnetic fields crossed, the plasma layer there would be forced to flow at right angles to the planes defined by the crossed fields because of the Lorentz forces that would be acting on the plasma particles there. The Lorentz forces would then always act so as to force plasma to flow around the hull without actually touching it. Thus, a massless craft moving ionized air around itself by this means would achieve a state known as laminar flow in aerodynamics; a condition in which drag and the turbulence that results from it are almost eliminated.

As virtually massless plasma is driven around a UFO’s hull by Lorentz forces, it could, if its mass was low enough, emit cyclotron radiation in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to envelope a moving, massless craft in a bright visible glow! The pilot of such a UFO would, via his flight controls, be able to precisely control the directions and intensities of the electric and magnetic fields that the equipment inside his craft’s hull projected into the surrounding atmospheric plasma boundary layer. By thus precisely controlling the resulting directions of plasma flow, he would be able to move his massless craft and its crew in any desired direction with a velocity that could be enormous. Without mass, weight, inertia, or aerodynamic drag, such a craft’s performance would appear miraculous when compared to the relatively primitive aerial vehicles presently available to humanity.

With these concepts in my mind, I had the first 50% of the solution to the mystery of UFO propulsion technology in the mid-1970’s. However, I still did not have a satisfying hypothesis that described how extraterrestrial technology might be able to artificially control the gravitational and inertial properties of large objects such as a UFO and its crew. This part was essential if I was ever going to know how a UFO could become massless or manage to convert the air immediately surrounding itself into a rich plasma so that Lorentz forces could then move it around the hull to produce movement of the massless craft. Little did I know in the 1970’s that a completely satisfactory explanation for a UFO’s ability to apparently defy our known laws of gravity and inertia would take me almost another twenty years to develop!

From the mid-1970’s on, I began to write short articles on the subject of UFOs in an effort to shed some light on the puzzles of their propulsion and the various secondary effects associated with this technology. My early material appeared in such publications as Tom Benson’s privately published The Sixth Quark Journal and Pete Mazzola’s The SBI Report which was published by his then active UFO organization called The Scientific Bureau of Investigation. My articles were intended for the general reader interested in UFO technology, but, beginning in early 1985, I commenced the self-publication of a journal devoted to the physics of the UFO phenomenon. This journal presented some of my best analysis of the extraterrestrial technology displayed by UFOs and was intended for the more advanced, technically oriented student of the subject. It was called "AURA which was short for Annals of Ufological Research Advances". AURA was a low volume, specialty publication that was distributed by Robert Girard’s Arcturus Book Service. After achieving its highest degree of refinement of the new UFO propulsion theory then possible with the available data, AURA ceased publication in late 1995 with its 24th issue.

The approach I originally developed to rationalize UFO propulsion and secondary effects came to be called the Anti-Mass Field Theory. This theory, which is still really more of a hypothesis, underwent several major transformations during the eleven years that it was developed in the pages of AURA.

First, it was a somewhat vague field model which asserted that the mass of an airborne or space traveling UFO and its crew were mysteriously absorbed, stored as energy in an anti-mass field, and thereby temporarily neutralized by the anti-mass field that penetrated their structures and extended out into the space surrounding the craft. This seemed to be a correct first step in understanding the propulsion systems in these mysterious extraterrestrial objects. Unfortunately, this simplistic model did nothing to describe just how the presence of mass gave rise to the gravitational and inertial properties associated with that mass. It also required that the hypothetical anti-mass field of a massless UFO be able to hold an enormous amount of energy. This simple field model was eventually discarded because it was not capable of rationalizing anything other than the loss of the craft’s normal rest mass.

Next the anti-mass field was given some structure when it was suggested that it was really composed of the continuous emission of a new form of "non-electromagnetic radiation called anti-mass field radiation which possessed a polarity that was opposite to that of the mass field radiation normally emitted from the subatomic particles of all matter (note: mass field radiation was considered to be responsible for the normal gravitational field that surrounds all physical objects which in this model was referred to as an object’s mass field".) These new forms of radiation had remarkable properties. Although they were not the same as the electromagnetic radiation known to our present physics, they did have some of its properties. For example, they were invisible, traveled at the accepted velocity of light (about 186,000 miles per second!), and could penetrate solid objects.

In this next very useful approach to visualizing the anti-mass field of a massless UFO, the negation of the masses of a craft and its crew were seen to occur because the total amount of mass field radiation they emitted (and which was responsible for their gravitational and inertial properties) was somehow neutralized by the anti-mass field radiation that was artificially produced in and emitted from the craft’s anti-mass field generator. Aside from the anti-mass field radiation used to cancel out the mass of a UFO and its crew, it was strongly suggested by the many secondary effects associated with UFOs that there were different types of anti-mass field radiation possible. These were referred to as having different characters and they could easily be used to rationalize the most bizarre sighting cases wherein craft were reported to have turned invisible or to have interpenetrated with other craft! (Note: It is this intermediate version of the anti-mass field theory which will be utilized in the chapters that follow.)

Finally, even the mysterious qualities of the anti-mass field radiation that forms a UFO’s anti-mass field yielded its secrets to further analysis. The final puzzle of how both mass field and anti-mass field radiations canceled each other out was solved. It was seen that both forms of non-electromagnetic radiation were merely closely packed collections of long streams of subatomic particles that emanated from the UFO at light velocity. A single stream consisted of closely spaced moving particles that were nearly in contact with each other like beads on a long string as they flew away from their source inside the UFO and off into the space surrounding the craft.

Mass field radiation was hypothesized to consist of streams of gravitons and anti-mass field radiation to consist of streams of anti-gravitons. They were actually identical particles with the exception that they exited their sources within the UFO with their spin directions pointing in opposite directions. Outside the UFO, this condition caused the streams to be attracted to each other. In fact, their attraction for each other was so strong that the streams would actually break up and form a shower of graviton / anti-graviton couplets that flew away from the craft and crew at light velocity. Since it was the interaction between the craft’s graviton streams and those emanating from a planetary body that gave the UFO and its crew the property of weight, these would become weightless once their normal graviton streams were disrupted in this manner. Also, since it was shown that the flexing or bending of an object’s naturally emitted graviton streams during accelerations and decelerations created the inertial forces associated with these motions, eliminating a craft and crew’s graviton streams also eliminated its normal inertial properties! Thus, once a UFO’s propulsion system had neutralized its craft and crew’s normal emission of gravitons, these would effectively be massless. All of the craft and crew’s subatomic particles would still be physically present, but they would no longer display the normal gravitational and inertial properties associated with their masses. When the craft’s anti-mass field generator was shut down, the craft and crew would almost instantly regain their normal masses and the gravitational and inertial properties associated with these. Hopefully, this would only be done when the UFO was safely situated on a stable planetary surface!

The anti-mass field theory also has much to say about how a mother ship sized craft can, once in the near vacuum of space, achieve enormous hyper-light velocities so as to reduce interstellar and even intergalactic voyages to durations that would only be a very small percentage of a crew member’s normal lifespan. It was seen that such craft, while massless, actually operate outside of the limitations imposed on massive spacecraft by Relativity Theory. It is suggested by this approach that the use of anti-mass field generators by extraterrestrial vehicles may be the only way to make interstellar and intergalactic space travel a practical reality.

During its rapid development, the advanced particle version of the anti-mass field theory, aside for providing a new rationalization for the gravitational and inertial properties of matter, also led to new particle based models for both the electric and magnetic fields. With these it was actually possible to describe, in detail, how a UFO’s anti-mass field generator could produce and emit anti-mass field radiation.

The chapters that form the present volume were originally written to be magazine articles when the early field version of the anti-mass field theory held sway. However, for this introductory treatment on UFO technology, they have all been rewritten and upgraded to the more advanced, intermediate non-electromagnetic radiation version of the anti-mass field theory. While this version is not as exact and predictive as the later particle version, it is still very accurate, simple to understand, and more than adequate for the purposes of the general reader making his initial study of extraterrestrial technology.

The following chapters are not presented in the order in which they were written, but rather in an order that seemed logical to the author. There may also be some minor repetition of the basic principles of the intermediate version of the anti-mass field theory from chapter to chapter. I opted not to edit this repetition out when it occurred because I felt that it might aid the student of the subject by seeing the principles occasionally restated in slightly different language.

Finally, it is my hope that this material will serve to stimulate continuing research into the technology of our extraterrestrial visitors so that it may eventually be duplicated and made to serve the many needs of humanity.

Chapter 1:

Anti-Mass Field Theory and UFO Propulsion

Anyone who is even casually familiar with the UFO literature knows that the aerial objects that are described are capable of aerodynamic performance that is far in excess of that of present earthly aircraft. Thus, one reads of apparently massive machines that can hover or undergo tremendous accelerations without any visible means of propulsion although the occasionally reported vapor trails, rocket flames, and fuel residues indicate that some of the craft observed depend on rocket thrusters for motion. The bewildering array of vehicle designs observed are further complicated by the sometimes noted rotation of sections of their hull structures and the almost universal appearance of the spectral glows that surround the hulls of nocturnally observed craft. One must also wonder why the physical structures of the UFOs and the crews they presumably carry are not pulverized by the thousands of g’s of force inherent in some of their more violent aerobatic maneuvers.

In this chapter a basic working hypothesis will be proposed which is intended to rationalize most of the important effects associated with UFO propulsion. The common technological denominator that may underlie the various craft appearing in our skies will be defined and its consequences briefly explored. Hopefully, the hypothesis presented will provide a direction for future research into the mysteries of UFO propulsion and will prove its usefulness as more instrumental data on these remarkable objects becomes available.

We can begin by noting that hovering UFOs display many of the properties of earthly lighter-than-air vehicles such as airships and hot air balloons. However, unlike these earthly craft, UFOs often have a hull displacement volume and heavy metallic structure which are inconsistent with the idea that their buoyancy is simply maintained by the weight of the volume of air their hulls displace. Inconsistent, that is, if we assume that these extraterrestrial vehicles retain their normal masses when in flight.

From the many cases on record in which landing gear impressions have been found, we know that landed UFOs can be quite massive and have weights in the tens of thousands of pounds. But is this really true of UFOs in flight with active propulsion systems?

There are a handful of cases in which abducted witnesses have been taken aboard a hovering UFO. Such an incident did involve two men in the city of Pascagoula, Mississippi, USA in October of 1973. Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker were taken aboard a UFO while they were fishing by the shore of the Pascagoula River at about 7:00 p.m. on a Thursday evening of the eleventh day of the month. Inside the craft, the men were separated into different compartments. Hickson was then held in place by the UFO’s occupants as a camera-like device slowly scanned up and down the length of his body. For a period of about twenty minutes the aliens then left Hickson alone while they examined Parker in the craft’s other compartment. During this time Hickson was fully conscious and remained in his compartment because he simply floated helplessly where the occupants had left him! Logically, the only way that this could have been possible was if Hickson, like the floating vehicle which he temporarily occupied, was massless and, thus, incapable of being gravitationally attracted by the mass of our planet. In this state he would have neither mass nor weight.

From such cases, I believe that it can be safely assumed that all genuine extraterrestrial craft, regardless of their sizes, are unaffected by a planet’s gravity field because they are able to artificially neutralize their structural masses for extended periods of time through the use of special equipment carried aboard the craft. This self neutralization of vehicle and crew masses will, however, do more than just exempt a UFO and its crew from the pull of a planet’s gravity field; it will also make the craft and its crew immune from the effects of any destructive inertial forces during violent atmospheric maneuvering because these forces are also dependent on the masses of the objects that create them.

At this point, the reader may well be anticipating the next step in the logical development of our working hypothesis for UFO propulsion: if we can provide some means of applying driving forces to the hull of a massless vehicle and also reduce any aerodynamic friction or drag acting on its hull, then we may expect it to be capable of performing exactly as do the many UFOs being observed in our planet’s atmosphere!

When operating in the near vacuum of space, our massless vehicle and its crew will be able to easily accelerate past the velocity of light with their maximum or terminal velocity determined by the maximum thrust that the craft’s rocket engine(s) are capable of delivering. There is a slight drag in space that is caused by the very tenuous presence of interstellar and intergalactic gases and this drag increases steadily as a craft’s velocity begins to accelerate past the normally limiting velocity of the light barrier. Thus, a massless UFO applying the force of rocket thrusters to its hull will not accelerate to infinite velocity, but rather will find its maximum travel velocity limited by the thrust of its rocket motors and its ability to reduce gaseous drag on its leading surfaces. Since most of the mother ships that are very rarely observed in Earth’s lower atmosphere have a long cylindrical shape, it would seem that this type of hull design is probably the best for use in space travel just as the cigar shape of the torpedo is best suited for rapid movement through a medium like sea water with its high hydrodynamic drag.

In space, a massless craft equipped with rocket motors will be capable of reaching velocities of tens, hundreds, or even thousands of times the velocity of light so that interstellar voyages may be reduced to a matter of months, weeks, or even days! Once masslessness is achieved, a UFO moving at these enormous hyper-light velocities will not be subject to the various distortions for material (that is, massive) objects predicted by relativity theory. As a massless UFO approaches and then exceeds the velocity of light, it will experience no contraction of its length, dilation of the rate of its shipboard time, or increase in its mass as measured by observers outside the craft. There will be no twin paradox and when crew