Winter of Red

Glossary

Ayeup Hello, watch out

Bairn Child

Beggar-maker Publican

Breeches an article of clothing covering the body from the waist down, with separate coverings for each leg, usually stopping just below the knee.

Cavalier a term of abuse for the wealthier Royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War

Copyholder a form of customary tenure of land common in England

Curate a member of the clergy engaged as assistant to a vicar, rector, or parish priest.

Demesne a piece of land attached to a manor and retained by the owner for their own use.

Dobbler cheat

Dog lock pistol a type of lock for firearms that preceded the 'true' flintlock in rifles, muskets, and pistols in the 17th century.

Engrosossers those who bought grain and hid it away and waited for prices to go up.

Footpads a highwayman operating on foot rather than riding a horse.

Freeman status in feudal society but in England it later became to mean a man possessing the full privileges and immunities.

Haworth manufacture Ale brewed in Haworth

Hedge thieves people who stole wool that at times would be placed on a hedge to dry.

Jack a drinking vessel made of leather

Kersey a kind of coarse, ribbed cloth with a short nap, woven from short-stapled wool.

Kirtle a woman's gown usually made from course wool.

Lotterel Rascal, scoundrel

Market wallet an all-purpose carrying bag that was used by civilians and military personnel from the 16th century.

Morion helmet in England, this helmet (also known as the pikeman's pot) is associated with the New Model Army, one of the first professional militaries. It was worn by pikemen, together with a breastplate and buff coat as they stood in phalanx-like pike and shot formations, protecting the flanks of the unarmoured musketeers.[

Nob 17th century term ‘nabob’ a person who came back to Britain after becoming wealthy.

Nowt Nothing

Pay eur call Urinate

Pike a pole weapon, an exceptionally long thrusting spear formerly used extensively by infantry.

Pottage a term for a thick soup or stew made by boiling vegetables, grains, and, if available, meat or fish

Puritan English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.

Put out merchant-employers put out materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes laboured in workshops or in turn put out work to others.

Reeve  a manor official appointed by the lord or elected by the peasants. Millers - Most manors had windmills or watermills. The right to mill was in the gift of the Lord of The Manor.

Roundhead the name given to the supporters of the Parliament during the English Civil War. Also known as Parliamentarians

Sard an old English swear word.

Shilling a coin worth one twentieth of a pound sterling, or twelve pence. It was first minted in the reign of Henry VII as the testoon, and became known as the shilling from the Old English schilling.

Shoffe-grote played predominantly in the United Kingdom. Two players compete against one another using coins on a tabletop board.

Shuttle and warp  a tool designed to neatly and compactly store a holder that carries the thread of the weft yarn while weaving with a loom.

Skein an oblong shaped collection of yarn

Spartle kitchen tool

Steward lord's deputy. It was his job to defend his lord's rights and to look after his property. Legal knowledge was an important qualification, since he had to represent his lord in court.

Swallowed a hair an alcoholic drink taken to cure a hangover.

Swill-belly A drunkard

Tarreur Goodbye

Willeying pull apart and mix the fibres of the wool before they go on to be carded.

Wimple a cloth headdress covering the head, neck, and the sides of the face

Wood in the hole Close the door

Wooden horse torture device, of which there exist two variations; both inflict pain by using the subject's own weight by keeping the legs open, tied with ropes from above, while lowering down the subject.

Wool Brogger 17th Century, a thief, an immoral troublemaker who raised the prices of wool and played a part in the misfortunes of many who tried to make a living in the early Yorkshire wool industry.

CHAPTER 1

Margery’s end

The story of the English War, or revolution as it is sometimes referred to, is one of political endeavours, one of religious freedoms and of course the right of divine rule ostracized by the strength of a growing democratic political system. Much has been spoken about the power of government at this time and the fine line between autocratic rule and people’s choice, but what about the common people, those that lived day to day like the Rushworth family and others like them. How might this hostility, this brazen battle for change, have affected their lives? One cannot envisage these changes without first coming to terms with the day-to-day lives of the people and the hardships and adversity they faced.

The village of Haworth was situated on a hillside at the centre of a large rural district in close proximity to Bradford, green as green in spring and summer, cold and desolate white and insignificantly blank most other times. The land around the village was very hilly and bleak with the coldest of winds in all seasons except the hottest days in summer. There were few trees and the surrounds were a moorland filled with fen’s, bogs and peat.

The village of Haworth was essentially one long steep and hilly street lined with stone cottages and daub and wattle cruck houses built in chaos with no particular thought of order or care. The muddied main road drifted in a northwest and southeast direction with a triangle at the top of the hill, which most inhabitants called the square. This square housed the greatest number of residents, mostly shop keepers, and spinners and weavers that wanted to stay away from the Weavers Hill.

Those that didn’t live there mostly lived as tenants, herdsmen and copyholders to Lord Birkhead, herding sheep and farming small 10 acre lots of barley and wheat, if they could afford it, on his lands around Hall Green; however, this was winter and work had slowed.

You see, at this time, most of the English wool was exported abroad to Flanders, Bruges, Ghent and Ypres and the foreigners would pay highly for it and those spinners, weavers and clothiers working it, lived reasonably well. Even the lowliest of poor men and hedge thieves could get a hold of enough rough wool and make a small profit for a time. Eventually, poor quality staple and high asking prices plunged the market into despair. As time went by, the forest of looms become quieter and were significantly affected by political unrest. The fear of coming hostilities caused the reduction of trade and the decreasing popularity and shortage of English wool.

Thomas Rushworth and his family tried to earn what coin they could from their spinning and weaving of any course wool they could obtain. The seven acres of barley and a small vegetable garden fraught with worm, beetle and looper, kept the wolves of famine from the door.

William’s twin children, twelve-year-old John and Robert were now old enough to know better and old enough to work. They spent their days combing lice from their scalp, carding wool and making blisters, much to their distaste. For them, the days of childish play and ignorance was gone and they were now seen as adults and had to earn their keep.

For the last eight months the family had also been spinning and weaving wool for the manor steward on put out. Thomas knew that he wasn’t paying them the correct coin for their labours, but there wasn’t much he could do and the fivepence per day they earnt was better than nothing in these desperate times.

Each week Tommy, now a strapping young man, and his father Thomas would make the mile journey to Stanbury and retrieve the mushy wool which, had weathered and worn tips, usually left behind by the broggers who didn’t want it. If they were lucky and could get a good price, they would bring it home. Isabel, Tommy’s wife would spend the day, her kirtle raised above her knees, stomping out the grease and oil in a barrel of stale urine, which they collected regularly from the local ale house. Thomas, William his brother, and his father in-law John Hargreaves being avid contributors to the barrel.

Lucy, Isabel’s sister, and Agnes, Thomas’ wife, would turn this unsaleable wool, using a sneaky contribution from the steward’s wool, into saleable cloth. Lucy would spend many hours at the spinning wheel; Thomas and William, with the shuttle and warp of the hand loom, doing what they had to do to survive.

The political upheaval at the time made good fleece hard to come by, as often it was bought in bulk by unscrupulous wool broggers, who hid it away and waited for prices to go up. Thomas struggled to get the same coin as he had in the past, as the use and popularity of Spanish wool was on the rise. The introduction of Spanish cloth into Bradford was the last straw and decimated local production bringing shepherds and clothiers to their knees.

Thomas’ son Tommy felt sad for his father and mother who weren’t getting any younger and worked from dawn until dark to provide for the family and provide them with basic victuals to survive. It was all they could do to keep the pangs of hunger away in the trying times brought on by the uncertainty of the coming war.

The manor steward’s power and fortune continued to grow and it was said that his sheep herds and lands had grown significantly, built up over time by the misfortunes of others some would say. Thomas had thought about complaining about the steward’s indiscretions with his payments, to the Justice of the Peace; however, he thought better of it as he knew it would make no difference as the Justice of the Peace was on the side of the rich and powerful. He was well paid by them to keep the peace and dispense with any trivial complaints whether they had foundation or not.

Thomas was exhausted from the sixteen-hour day, he collapsed on the hard-backed wooden chair beside the hearth. He puffed on his white clay, long stemmed, barrel-shaped pipe and looked silently into the flames. The greyish puffs of exhaled smoke slowly escaping from the corner of his partially parted lips. He blinked repetitively, trying to keep his eyes open, Thomas grumbled, What news have ya’ heard in the village William?

Apprentices in London, they’re striking and calling on Parliament for change. William took a seat with him relishing the safety and comfort of their hearth. He liked the feeling of the radiant warmth of the fire while hearing the wind howl and blast the snow around outside.

Tommy put another piece of peat on the fire and sat on a stool beside them, their current circumstances did little to brighten his feelings of destitution, a feeling that grew within him like the root of a large tree. He thought long and hard about how he could lessen his families’ burdens but coming from simple means made this difficult.

Tommy was a good young man, well liked by all in the village and surrounds. He tried hard to make his parents proud of him and they were, even though they would never say so. He wasn’t overly confident but was an example of the quiet, strong charactered type who would progress with age and experience. Tommy’s 16th birthday found him to be a solid but not tall, pale young man but had the spirit and strength of character that his father could recognise in himself.

When his father had given up the copyholder tenancy they had all thought that becoming freemen, would allow the family more rights and freedoms, as they were no longer required to work the demesne of the lord of the manor, well unless he paid them. They cherished their newfound freedoms for a short time and thought things would improve; however, these were soon interrupted by the coming war and they still had to pay rent to the lord, tithe to the church and taxes became higher and higher under the new government. Food was scarce and often grain was unavailable being kept from market by engrossers, but they made do as best they could buying tainted droppings from the flour mill owned by the lord.

Due to the labour shortage from the sickness, Tommy knew that he and his father could move the family elsewhere, but Better the Devil you know than the Devil you don’t, he told himself.

Tommy, like his father, had the respect and admiration of the locals as a man with a sensible head on his shoulders and one that didn’t make decisions lightly especially when it came to his family. The villagers knew him as the silent type who only spoke when he had something important to say; preferring to think on the subject before deciding. For this reason, they respected his decision and paid him no ill thoughts about remaining at home in these troubling times. His mother and father were starting to get older now, and the sixteen-hour workdays were beginning to take their toll. "Even more reason to stay and look after them as a good son should," he believed.

Tommy looked at his father who sat on his chair opposite, He had dark greying, straight hair and a grey stubble on his face and chin. His pipe protruded from the side of his mouth. A long grey shirt opened at the top to show bristled grey curly chest hair. He still had strong upper arms, born of hours tending to the hide. He wore an ochre-coloured tunic which was open. Dark brown baggy breeches hung down to his knees where a leather garter held his hose in place.

His father concentrated on whittling a piece of pinewood, making a toy for the next addition to the family. He held the wood in his left hand and braced his thumb against the wood, drawing the blade towards him as if peeling an apple. He made short and controlled strokes and was deep in reflection rarely venturing to look up except when the wind blew so loud it sounded as if the shutters would be punched in.

Thomas was a confident, kind man with an adventurous spirit and an amiable personality. He was always the first to help if a family had come on difficult times, well as much as circumstances would allow. In the summer he would be the first to offer his assistance to families left poverty-stricken, harvesting their grain and shearing their sheep if the husband or sons were ill or had been taken by the sickness.

They had lived at Hall Green as far back as he could remember and his father liked to tell tales of what it was like in days past under the reign of the king. He liked to tell stories of his father and mother, Margery and he would tell stories of how he and Agnes had met. She would look up from the spinning wheel occasionally and cough correcting him if his story went too far from the truth, then smile and blush if the account entailed too many specifics of their courting days.

Agnes, Tommy’s mother, sat on a stool spinning yarn at the wheel humming a pretty tune. Her nimble fingers worked methodologically with the teased fleece, and the wheel spun with a slow mesmerising whirring sound. Tommy you should sleep now my love.

Tommy smiled with his boyish like charm, he had spent most of the day mucking out the animal enclosure and repairing the wattle fence at the back of the cottage. He didn’t spend much idle time inside with his mother and father as they were always busy tending to one thing or another. There was always mending to do, baskets to weave and walls to build to appease their landlord Lord Birkhead.

Stopping intermittently to untangle a piece of yarn , Agnes often looked up contentedly and smiled if she caught her son glancing at her. She was proud of her Tommy and the man that he had become. He was strong of character, sensible and never strayed from the things that he held most dear.

Their cottage built some years ago, needed some repair to the rot which had made its way into the rafters. Some of the mortar between the stones had started to crack, and rags had been pushed into the gaps between the shutters. There was plaster on the walls, and long wooden poles supported the sides of the thatched roof. When a strong wintery wind rushed over the moors, the cottage shook, and the rafters vibrated with a vengeance intimidating the occupants who were inside.

A thick wooden ladder, at the side of the chimney, led to the loft where they kept the straw and hay for the animals. It was also where twins John and Robert played and slept preferring the soft hay to the hard stone floor below. The slanting thatch roof leaked in places, but John and Robert had learnt to strategically place their mattresses on the edge, in areas closer to the fire that were not subject to the annoying drip. On occasion, a leak would find another outlet through the thatch and one of them would climb under their fur lined blanket only to find their straw pillow soggy and wet. Fixing the roof with new thatch was a job for summer so their nightly complaints would continue until the snow melted and new thatch could be cut.

Isabel sat at the loom, she smiled when she noticed Tommy take a glance in her direction. She was a good wife and tended to his needs. They never fought or disagreed for she knew her place, especially in front of the others. In spring and summer, she only saw Tommy for a couple of hours in the evening usually because he and his father were always out in the fields tending to their ten-acre barley crop and she was always busy spinning the wheel which was like a cog in an engine and rarely ceased turning. In winter after wood was chopped, peat cut, and animals tended to, they could spend more time in each other’s company.

The adults preferred to sleep on a rolled-out straw mattress by the low glow of the fire at night-time. Tommy never showed much affection toward Isabel in front of the others, but she knew he loved her. She always looked forward to whispers and giggles that they shared at night as they slept close for warmth under the thick woollen hide. It was often the only time they could be together away from the eyes of the others and it was here that Tommy occasionally showed his affection kissing her gently on the neck and shoulders.

Often, in the middle of the night the dark silence would be disturbed and Thomas and Agnes would be awoken to grunting and quiet love sounds. Once finished, all knew that it was time for sleep and the end of another day until the cock crowed to start the next.

The Rushworth’s lived a simple life, they had little choice in their one room stone cottage. There was extraordinarily little room with the loom and even less when the animals had to be brought in out of the weather. Winter on the moors was a time of rest and they worked hard throughout the year working the hide and spinning and weaving the wool to ensure this. There was always a fear of famine in the village but they were luckier than some and usually managed to put enough dried grain, lamb and vegetables away to last them through winter.

A spark flew out of the fire but was quickly extinguished by the dampness of the smashed gravel floor which in spring, with no drainage, often flooded with the melting snow and ice.

The hearth was the centre point of their lives and the place where they felt most safe against the wintery storms which blew across the moors. A large, thick, crooked and carved oak mantle jutted out above it which held Thomas’ pipe stand and various corked ceramic bottles. To the side was a small stone bread oven recessed into the wall but close enough to the fire to rise and bake it. Leaning against the corner to dry was a hollowed-out tree trunk which Agnes would rest on her knees to wash and cut vegetables for the pottage. On the other side of the hearth sat a large iron candle holder with two fat homemade candles, the hard wax dripping toward the stony floor as if stopped by time. The stone at the back of the chimney was darkened with soot and that night’s supper bubbled away in the large iron cauldron above the flame.

Agnes watched as Thomas knocked the barrel of his pipe on the stones at the hearth of the fire. He proceeded to refill it from the pouch which sat on the small wooden table beside him, carefully ensuring the tobacco was not compressed so much to dampen the flame. He looked up at Agnes as she stood and stepped to the cauldron, resting her hand on the chunky oak mantelpiece, stained black from smoke because of the continually lit fire. The iron chimney crane with hooks allowed Agnes to swing the iron cauldron into a more easily accessible position. She took the wooden ladle that hung inside the chimney and slowly stirred its contents.

Split logs and dried peat and manure sat in the corner of the stone fireplace and all manner of wooden skillets hung from the inside wall of the hearth. Leaning beside the front wall of the chimney there was a black iron poker, ash shovel and tongs which she used to stoke and clean the fire, along with a wooden water bucket from which water was used to thin the pottage.

Isabel stood from the loom and hyper flexed her back to counter the added weight from the rather large baby bump extending from her lower abdomen. She was a good woman and new her place among the others in the household. Younger than the others she lacked their experience but more than made up for it in effort. It wasn’t comfortable moving into your husband’s cottage with his family and it had taken her some time to get used to it but better this than putting up with the rantings and ravings of her father.

Agnes thought she was a good match for her son and she welcomed her when she arrived and she liked her. Isabel had worked as a servant girl prior and was well versed in the running of a household. She knew how to bake bread and brew ale and was proficient in making pickles, preserves and the jellies that they all loved so much. She also spun wool and sold the extra yard at Haworth markets to earn extra coin. She was very timid and shy to start with but started to feel more at ease with Agnes after a period and they become good friends.

The smoke from the sweet aroma of Thomas’ pipe tobacco filled the room, a respite from the whiff of freshly released animal faeces at the back of the cottage. He felt the mark that his father had engraved, with his knife, in the top of the wooden table beside him. He remembered as a child, watching him do it, a sad reminder of times past, but not forgotten.

Like his father, family was important to Thomas and even though he didn’t know much about his father’s folk before he was born, he felt a kinship, a belonging to the hills and dales and didn’t want to leave as he had discussed with William and his son.

Tommy had seen Isabel in Stanbury when he and his father had travelled there to get cheaper wool that nobody else wanted from the local farmers. Their eyes had met through the stalls at the market and Isabel would keep an eye out for him each market day. It was some time before Tommy plucked up the courage to walk up to her and talk.

Tommy remembered, as a young lad growing up in the old cruck house with nan Margery and later the stone-walled cottage that uncle William and his father had built for her and his mother Agnes. Labour was in short supply at the time, so they tended more land and the lord permitted improvements to the cottage paying them five shillings a week to work his demesne. It was more significant than the old cruck house he remembered as a child, the walls were made of limestone rubble and rendered with lime and sand mortar which kept the weather out more and there was finally a chimney.

Sadly, nan Margery was gone now she had made her peace with God before she went, confessing and repenting her sins for all to hear. She was such an important part of all their lives and Tommy would often recollect the days before she died.

He was only a youngster then but he remembered vividly how she called him over to her, while she laid in her bed and quietly whispered to him.

Wee Tommy, you’re a good lad and you have the look of yer father about you, She placed her hand on his lovingly.

Tommy was a handsome young lad, dark hair, big blue eyes, long eyelashes and high cheekbones.

I luv you Tommy, and you make me so proud, look after thy mother and thy father and let no harm come to them when I’m gone. Know that I will always be with you in spirit.

He didn’t know what to say, so he leaned over and rested his head on her bony hand softly and sadly, Don’t go nan Margery, please don’t go.

Ooy there Tommy, tis me time, an’ I’m going to a better place and, besides, I’m tired. Her breathing was raspy and laboured.

She coughed and took a deep breath, So very tired, she closed her eyes and drifted back to sleep.

He turned going back to sit on the stool beside his father and uncle William, who lovingly placed his hand on his shoulder to comfort him.

Tommy heard the heavy breathing that night, sitting quietly beside her. She rested with her deep-set, darkened eyes closed and loose skin, sagging below her cheekbones, her hands clasped together on top of the blanket. The shadow from the small candle flickered on the stone wall, the smoke from the flame rose to be absorbed by the stained thatch ceiling above. Cousin Mary, mother and Mrs Hargreaves knelt at the side of the bed with their hands clasped together whispering prayers. Father and uncle William sat on wooden stools, not saying much but consoling each other by their presence. Then suddenly the breathing stopped, and all was quiet. Father stood, took a deep restless breath and placed two coins on Nan-Margery’s eyes to ward off a haunting. Mother wept softly and Mrs Hargreaves said the Lord’s Prayer.

Tommy’s eye quietly filled with a tear then ran slowly ran down his face like the first drops of rain. He turned away and quickly wiped it on his sleeve before his father or uncle could notice. He didn’t know how to deal with this feeling of sadness, this grey shadow of grief, so he climbed the loft ladder and slept it away.

The next morning, Tommy awoke to the babble of movement and prayers downstairs, he sat up and picked the sleep from the corners of his eyes. John and Robert were absent from the loft and he remembered the events of the previous evening and looked over to notice that Nan Margery’s mattress was empty. He quickly dressed into his brown, cut hand-me-down breeches and frayed undershirt and climbed down the ladder. The cottage walls, shutters and mirror had been cloaked in black linen and a curtain hung on a piece of rope that separated the room.

He peeked behind the curtain and saw Nan Margery’s body; it had been wrapped in a winding sheet and placed on planks sitting on wooden stools on the other side of the curtain. Friends, family and neighbours arrived at the cottage and two members of the parish accompanied by the vicar’s curate placed her in a black wooden coffin on loan from St Michael and All Angels. The rest of the family met outside to wait for the vicar; when he arrived, the procession made its way across the farrowed field, up to Sun Street, past the manor, onto Main Street. The residents from the cottages along the road stopped what they were doing and came outside to the road and ducked their heads solemnly, the men removing their felt hats in respect.

The curate, Nathaniel, led with his bell, Ding, ding, ding, ding, come on let’s get this over with., he thought, wanting to get back to the rectory and the warmth of the fire. He was a young man and had only recently been ordained. The vicar paid him a paltry sum but at least he was allowed to live in the rectory unlike some curates. He did the vicar’s bidding, however, didn’t always agree with his methods. That being said, he thought the vicar had the best intentions even if they weren’t always conventional. He waited for the day when the vicar was no more and he could take over as vicar and receive the tokens, tithe and contributions from the parish.

The vicar followed, holding his King James Bible piously in front of him. Thomas, Uncle William, John Hargreaves and John Pigshells followed carrying the coffin; their heads lowered with respect and with sorrow. It wasn’t heavy, for the sickness had reduced Margery’s body to a skeleton. The rest followed slowly behind including Tommy and his mother who held his hand tightly for comfort beside her.

At St Michael and All Angels cemetery, the coffin was placed on two stools beside the gravesite of her husband, her feet facing east. Each of the men took off their hats and Nathaniel rang the bell six times, then one ring for each of the years of Margery’s life. Bleedin’ ‘ell, I’ll be ringin’ all day fer this old wench, wonder how old she was? he speculated.

The vicar stood in front of the coffin, his black cassock, white gown and dark tippet draped over his shoulders.

He cleared his throat. and raised his hand and with an unemotionally deep voice began,

I am the resurrection and the life,

says the Lord. "Those who believe

in me, even though they die, will live,

and everyone who lives and believes

in me will never die."

The vicar sprinkled holy water on the coffin,

"God of all consolation, your Son

Jesus Christ was moved to tears at

the grave of Lazarus, his friend.

Look with compassion on your

children in their loss; give to troubled

hearts the light of hope and strengthen

in us the gift of faith, in Jesus Christ

our Lord. Amen"

They all repeated, Amen,

After prayers, her body was carefully lifted from the coffin and placed by the members of the burial guild into the pre-dug hole.

The vicar said one more prayer,

"O God, whose Son Jesus Christ was

laid in a tomb: bless, we pray, this grave

as the place where the body of Margery

Rushworth your servant may rest in

peace, through your Son, who is the

resurrection and the life; who died

and is alive and reigns with you now

and for ever. Amen."

"Amen," they all repeated.

Those who were present walked to the mound of dirt beside the shallow grave as mists rose from the warmed earth. The residents of the village picked up a handful of rocky soil and carefully dropped it onto nan Margery’s body. It was a quiet, solemn moment then the heavens opened with a crack of thunder and the rain started to fall as if signalling the end of her days.

After the burial, all the men who were at the funeral proceeded to the Kings Arms, the women and children to the Rushworth Cottage for black bread, biscuits and ale. Agnes and Tommy started walking back around the horizontally placed tombstones, Tommy turned back around to notice his father soaking wet but unperturbed by the rain. He just stood there standing over the mound of her grave. He saw him holding his grandmother’s wimple, but then watched him clutch it tightly to his face. This disturbed him as he had never witnessed such emotion from his father before. His uncle William, standing beside put his arm on his shoulder to comfort him. He held his black woollen, felt hat in his other hand and solemnly looked downwards at the grave quietly whispering his prayers and goodbyes.

His mother still holding his hand tightly said, Come Tommy, let thy father and uncle say tarreur to nan Margery in their own way.

She knew that the two men would not like to be noticed expressing their emotions in public and certainly not in front of Tommy, for in Yorkshire that’s not what men did.

It continued to drizzle as they wandered out of the graveyard, past the pillory holding the now subdued and forlorn drunkard from the previous night, and along Church Street which was muddied and wet. They continued downhill past the manor onto Sun Street, past Woodlands Rise then uphill toward home. Their cottage, like a spectral vision appearing from the depths of the mist enticing them closer and closer.

A wave of sadness overcame Agnes and she reminisced, "The first time I met Margery was when my parents had met with her to discuss the dowry for the betrothal. It seemed like a lifetime ago now. The passing of Margery makes me think about my own mortality and I feel lonesome and afraid. I am the mistress of the house now. Makes me feel more responsible and obligated. I’ll call on the wisdom and shrewdness that I learnt from her to safeguard my family."

A farmer, pulling an ox and cart full of fleece brought her out of her contemplations and as he passed them on the road he doffed his hat, Condolences Missis, and continued up Sun Street. The ox having some difficulty getting tread on the muddy road, grunted and groaned in frustration until the farmer gave him a nudge with his shepherd’s hook and he found his tread and moved forward.

Agnes sadly nodded her acceptance and approval, the drizzle continued, and their woollen cloaks became saturated and cold. Tommy began to shiver, his feet frozen from the mud which clung to his thin leather shoes. The recent events were all new to him and he didn’t quite know how to act or what to say to his mother in her state of melancholy, so he said nothing.

The sky was low, grey and bleak, and the weather had set in. They went through the wattle gate between the stone wall and rambled uphill through the hide to the cottage. He clung tightly to his mother’s hand and tried to keep up with her as she hurried up the hill to get out of the weather. Beyond the cottage, Tommy could see their herd of white sheep grazing in the hills behind the cottage, They contrasted the brown heather of the moors. Agnes shivered, there was a chill in the air and she knew winter was approaching.

CHAPTER 2

She will never be forgotten

The villagers had come to accept the sickness and death of its local people and forty years was the normal age of longevity. However, Margery was not normal and she had far outlived this, although no body really knew how old she was and it was believed she didn’t either. What they did know was that she was a wise, kind and caring woman that in one way or another had touched all their lives.

After the funeral, Thomas and William went to the Kings Arms, a tavern across the square from St Michael and All Angels. Thomas and William ducked their heads as they went through the doorway of the tavern. It seemed darker and quieter than usual and they really didn’t feel like socialising but they had been persuaded by the men inside. Besides, to refuse to drink to the dearly departed would bring bad luck on the family and the harvest.

Most of the men had known the Rushworths for many years and most were good friends of Margery’s late husband who had passed away from the sickness sometime before her. As the local matchmaker, Margery was well known to all and had played a major part in most of their banns and hand fasting’s. Often, marriages were arranged and she was usually the one to do it, for a small fee of course.

The ‘Arms’ as they called it wasn’t the most reputable establishment around but it was close and it was theirs. It had a low ceiling and thick wooden rafters that were even lower. The stone floor was covered in straw, damp from the recent rains. There was a fireplace and a set of shutters where most of the light came from. A small wooden unpolished bar spanned half the room; a large barrel with a tap sat length ways on two semicircular wooden supports at one end of it. Another full barrel sat below it on the floor. In front of the large stone hearth were stools and a form set diagonally. On top of the thick wooden mantelpiece sat a hefty iron candle holder.

The reeve noticed them and called out to the publican to pour two more jacks of ale, Come lads, let us drink to Margery and the life she lived. She was never one to shy away from life’s burdens and always cheerful in the face of life’s ills. She will never die, for those that die are only dead when we have forgotten them and she will never be forgotten I assure you.

They all lifted their jacks in unison and skulled them, William tried to cough away the lump in his throat, slapping his chest blaming it on some ale that had gone down the wrong way. He didn’t fool his brother who smiled and felt the same knot in his throat.

To distract himself, Thomas looked beyond the reeve’s shoulder and looked toward the back of the room, an old beggar lady rambled backwards and forwards from one card table to the next. An old tinker leaned against the wall, allowing a stream of urine to flow into a bucket in the back corner. Thomas tried to put the day’s events out of his mind and listened to a farmer argue with a wool brogger over the price for his fleece.

The farmer held his hand up with the coin he had been given, Ya’ don’t understand, tis not enough ta feed me, I dunno about me family!

The brogger knew that by the time he distributed the raw fleece to the spinners and weavers and store some away to increase demand, he would still be left with a tidy profit once sold, Aye and what you don’t understand is I’m not getting as much as what I was fer cloth with the merchants.

Come on now be honest with me ya’ cheatin’ bastard, I know how much you get in York fer the cloth! The farmer exclaimed angrily.

The brogger put his hands up defensively, Aye, but there’s a shortage of cloth now, ya’ know that! This war is interrupting trade and then there’s the king’s levy on exports. There just isn’t the demand for course wool anymore."

The farmer became more agitated, A shortage of cloth, they’re getting way more in York for fleece than what you pay us here.

Well then take yer wool ta York and sell it yerself! The brogger was starting to become impatient and became uncomfortable with other farmers staring at him and whispering.

The farmer shook his head with frustration, Ya’ know I can’t do that, I’ve got a herd ta run!

Thomas and William made a point of not getting involved in