Decolonizing Evangelicalism: An 11:59 p.m. Conversation

Decolonizing Evangelicalism

An

11

:

59

p.m. Conversation

Randy S. Woodley

and

Bo C. Sanders

foreword by

Grace Ji-Sun Kim

Decolonizing Evangelicalism

An

11

:

59

p.m. Conversation

Copyright ©

2020

Randy S. Woodley and Bo C. Sanders. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers,

199

W.

8

th Ave., Suite

3

, Eugene, OR

97401

.

Cascade Books

An Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers

199

W.

8

th Ave., Suite

3

Eugene, OR

97401

www.wipfandstock.com

paperback isbn: 978-1-4982-9203-0

hardcover isbn: 978-1-4982-9205-4

ebook isbn: 978-1-4982-9204-7

Cataloguing-in-Publication data:

Names: Woodley, Randy S.,

1956

–, author. | Sanders, Bo C., author. | Kim, Grace Ji-Sun,

1969–

, foreword.

Title: Decolonizing evangelicalism : an

11

:

59

p.m. conversation /

by Randy S. Woodley and Bo C. Sanders ; foreword by Grace Ji-Sun Kim.

Description: Eugene, OR : Cascade Books,

2020

| Includes bibliographical references.

Identifiers:

isbn 978-1-4982-9203-0 (

paperback

) | isbn 978-1-4982-9205-4 (

hardcover

) | isbn 978-1-4982-9204-7 (

ebook

)

Subjects: LCSH: Evangelicalism. | Religion and politics. | History—Imperialism and Colonialism. | History—Christianity. | Indians of North America—Religion. | Christianity and culture—North America. | Racism—Religious aspects—Christianity. | Reconciliation—Religious aspects—Christianity. | Race relations—Religious aspects—Christianity.

Classification:

BL65.P7 W67 2020

(print) |

BL65.P7 W67

(ebook)

Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 

1996

,

2004

,

2007

,

2013

,

2015

by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois

60188

. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations marked (ESV) are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright ©

2001

by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

02/24/20

Table of Contents

Title Page

Foreword by Grace Ji-Sun Kim

Preface

Introduction

1. Was Jesus an Evangelical, or Even Perhaps a Postcolonial Theologian?

2. Colonial Christianity

3. Historic Postcolonial Theologies

4. Developing a Postcolonial Worldview Where You Stand

Concluding Remarks

Bibliography

Postcolonial interpretation is the capacity to think, imagine, know, and act outside the administrated knowledge of the empire. This move ‘outside’ is an urgent but difficult one for those of us who are safely ‘tenured’ in (American!) imperial certitude and security. This readily accessible book helps us to understand the urgency of this move outside and provides categories through which we may reframe and resituate our theology. It is a most welcome starting point for a way of interpretation that is not a fad but a path to more responsible faith.

—Walter Brueggemann, Columbia Theological Seminary

A ringing call to white Evangelicals to understand and abandon their cultural captivity. One need not embrace every argument to see that the basic message of this book is important and urgent.

—Ronald J. Sider, author of Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger

"It’s too much to ask, I fear, that the people who most need Decolonizing Evangelicalism will actually read it. Too many of them have given their hearts to the Trump Klan and are too enthralled with The Art of the Deal to read anything else. But perhaps their children and grandchildren will dare to read this powerful book which unfolds as a conversation between two very insightful people with Evangelical roots, one white, one Native American. This book could change the next generation’s understanding of what it means to be Christian, Evangelical, and American (or Canadian), and that would be good news indeed."

—Brian D. McLaren, author of The Great Spiritual Migration

If Evangelical theology has a future, it’s postcolonial. If you are looking for the best introduction to postcolonial theology, this is it!

—Peter Goodwin Heltzel, Associate Professor of Theology, New York Theological Seminary

"In Decolonizing Evangelicalism, Woodley and Sanders invite the reader to examine everything they know about theology, empire, and the practical implications of God-talk in a ‘postcolonial’ world. Our current era of social transformation calls for theological conversations that examine the consequences of past empire-dependent thought and develop a wider, richer exploration of scholarship and praxis that unlocks the liberating power of decolonized faith. If you are interested in theology that actually engages the ‘viciously interrelated and complex’ world in which we live, spend time with this book."

—Micky ScottBey Jones, Director of Healing Justice, Faith Matters Network

"It is no secret that the imperial West silenced countless indigenous societies while muzzling other identities even among its own—all too often with the complicity of missions, churches, and ideologically imperial theologies. This splendid introduction to the meaning and construction of postcolonial theologies shows us the power of the oppressed, in their own words and from their own histories, to set the record right, to transform our consciousness, to set us on the path of liberation, and to set free the peaceful gospel of shalom from the prison of empire."

—Gregory Leffel, President, American Society of Missiology

"Decolonizing Evangelicalism by Woodley and Sanders belongs in the hands of every follower in the Jesus way who has experienced colonization or marginalization or is beginning to see some of the ways they have participated in the oppression of others in the name of orthodox Christian theology. The book is as approachable and well-researched as it is invitational. I am personally grateful for this book and its authors and am confident you will be, too."

—Dwight J. Friesen, Associate Professor of Practical Theology, Seattle School of Theology and Psychology

In a world torn asunder by myriad divisions, in this informative book Randy Woodley and Bo Sanders ask two provocative questions: ‘What is your relationship to power?’ and ‘Who is my Neighbor?’ Introducing the history, methodology, and important writers in postcolonial theology, the authors invite reflection, conversation, and critique of the way in which Jesus’ followers have been molded and shaped by colonialism to answer these two questions. . . . This book is not for the faint of heart. Fasten your seatbelt and engage in a humble theological conversation which will draw you closer to Jesus as he ‘exposes truth and nurtures life.’

—Terry McGonigal, Director of Church Engagement, Whitworth University

"Decolonizing Evangelicalism is a much-needed intervention into the current political and theological crises facing white Evangelicalism. Woodley and Sanders courageously and without apology call on Evangelicals to not only transform theological content, but theological process, by centering the voices of colonized peoples. Without offering simple answers, Woodley and Sanders provide hope by pointing to new paradigms for decentering whiteness in Evangelicalism."

—Andrea Smith, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies, University of California-Riverside

Foreword

I

was born in

Korea and immigrated to Canada in

1975

. Korea, my home country, suffered under Japanese colonialism and empire from

1910

to

1945

while being ruled by military power. During this time my grandmother was attending school. Her and her classmates were given Japanese names and taught Japanese, never discussing the reasons as to why. While the children were not informed at school about what was happening, oppression was felt throughout the country. Colonialism is destructive: it destroys lives, culture, religion, and people—it nearly destroyed my antecedent bloodline. The effects of colonialism last for generations, as a country attempts to regain and reestablish its politics, history, culture, and identity.

During the period of Japanese rule, the people of Korea faced immeasurable injury. Numerous young girls were kidnapped from their families and forced to become comfort women for members of the Japanese army. The term comfort women was meant to describe those who today would be described as sex slaves. These women were stationed in different countries around Asia for the sole purpose of gratifying the sexual desires of the military. The statistics show upwards of two hundred thousand comfort women were held captive for the sexual satisfaction of the Japanese army. These comfort women served fifty to seventy men daily and as a result were often infected with venereal diseases. Being confined in cramped quarters with scarce medical attention led to illness, and after they got sick enough, they were killed. A whole generation of Korean women were brutally lost, disenfranchised, and disinherited due to colonial rule and imperial power.

Colonialism did not affect Korea only, as countless different instances of colonialism have made an enduring global impact in countries that are stuck under the dark legacy of their colonizers. Our world is complicated, intersectional, interrelated, intertwined, and imperialistic. Living under foreign rule forces change upon individuals and communities, who may never be able to fully regain the culture they once had. In understanding the impact of colonialism in our world, it becomes easier to recognize the extent to which it has affected the identity, religion, economy, and climate in a global context.

Given the large scope of colonialism’s impact—it touches almost every aspect of our lives—to ignore it would be to ignore the problems of our society. Thus postcolonial theory aids many areas of study in understanding the complexities of the impact of colonialism on culture, society, and religion.

In theological studies we recognize the primary effect that colonialism has caused—damaged and destroyed lives. In response, postcolonial theology posits the need to decolonize. We need to detach ourselves from the harmful effects of imperialism and capitalism and work toward liberation and justice. In this significant book, Decolonizing Evangelicalism, theologians Randy Woodley and Bo Sanders take us with them as they show us the task of decolonizing theology. They point out that if Christianity is to be reflective of the life of Jesus, then colonial forms of Christianity cannot be considered to be Christian.

One of the tasks of theology is to liberate the individual and the community. But in so many ways, European theology, which has dominated much of Christian theology, has tended to grip our minds. Thus, it is urgent that we begin to free ourselves from academic theologies originating in Europe and the Americas. One way to begin this process is to be aware of theological voices around the globe and to listen to uncommon voices. Listening to such voices will illuminate how much the classical context determines our thoughts, ideas, and understandings.

In order to flourish in our present context, it is crucial that we recognize the voices of oppressed minorities—Native Americans, African Americans, Latin Americans, Asian Americans, womanists, feminists, LGBTQ and other voices that will deepen our theological understanding. Woodley and Sanders reveal how all these voices intersect and overlap with one another. They establish that it is our obligation to listen to diverse contemporary voices and work toward learning the nuances of social injustices so that