Understanding Light as a Particle

"How loved, how valued once avails thee not

To whom related or by whom begot

A heap of dust alone remains of thee

Tis all thou art and all the proud shall be."

on The Grave of the Female Stranger

I just love to move the ball forward, even if it’s only a millimeter, in the great human quest to figure it all out.

Hanna Heath in ‘People of the Book’ by Geraldine Brooks

Hanna also ‘said’: .......... if something can be known, I can’t stand not knowing it.

She speaks for me......... and also for you, as you are reading this.

"We have come to the conclusion that what are usually called the advanced parts of quantum mechanics are, in fact, quite simple. The mathematics that is involved is particularly simple, involving algebraic operations and no differential equation or at most only very simple ones. The only problem is that we must jump the gap of no longer being able to describe the behavior in detail of particles in space." Richard Feynman

This book jumps that gap and provides the previously missing description of the behavior of particles in space. An understanding of this aspect of reality clarifies many others.

Introduction.

IN SEARCH OF KNOWLEDGE

What Is Light?

This is addressed to those who really want to know how it all works.

Einstein spent the greater part of his life pondering the nature of light.

He knew that the answer to this question would provide the key to understanding the universe but was never able to quite figure out what it was.

Particles of light?

In 1905, Einstein published a paper, " Concerning an Heuristic Point of View Toward the Emission and Transformation of Light in which he envisioned light traveling not as a wave, but as some manner of energy quanta. This packet of energy, Einstein suggested, could be absorbed or generated only as a whole, specifically when an atom jumps between quantized vibration rates.

It seems to me that the observations associated with black-body radiation, fluorescence, the production of cathode rays by ultraviolet light, and other related phenomena connected with the emission or transformation of light are more readily understood if one assumes that the energy of light is discontinuously distributed in space. In accordance with the assumption to be considered here, the energy of a light ray spreading out from a point source is not continuously distributed over an increasing space but consists of a finite number of energy quanta which are localized at points in space, which move without dividing, and which can only be produced and absorbed as complete units.

I think that in this energy quanta paper he came tantalizingly close to the truth.

The Ignis model puts forward the idea that light, the visible range of photons [electromagnetic energy] possess both mass and negative charge very briefly when they materialize once each cycle of their repetitive alternation between energy and material phases.

The Caltech video linked below clearly shows what appears to be a brief materialization of the photon when it is filmed at a rate of 10 trillion frames per second.

https://www.hereticalphysics.com/images/Filming%20the%20Speed%20of%20Light%20at%2010%20Trillion%20FPS.mp4

This hypothesized charged, transient physical presence is seen in this model as the only part of their cycle in which photons are able to interact with 'matter' to any great extent.

The Ignis model says that during its spatially linear path each photon materializes periodically, with the space between material presences being determined by the energy of the individual photon.

High energy photons 'appear' with the space between each physical presence being less than that for lower energy photons.

Photon Period Diagram 1.

General propagation relationship between photons of different periods.

IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE that photon dots in a line represent the same photon as it repeatedly cycles from the energy to material form and back.

Please note that in this concept photons transition from the energy to the material state and back repeatedly and may only interact significantly with matter when fully materialized. This transition is not an ON and OFF condition as suggested by Diagram 1 but is conceived as a 'gradual' process as shown in the video.

The relevant portion of the previous video is an extract from the full article linked below with the extract appearing at ~11:02 to 12:11 minutes:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ys_yKGNFRQ

IF PHOTONS DO INDEED propagate as claimed in this document their repetitive transient appearance as charged particles with mass, permit many previously unexplained phenomenon to be understood. The implications of such a photon model are explored in some detail in the following chapters.

Thermal Expansion

IT SEEMS ASTOUNDING that no one appears ready to re-examine and really question what science says.

Ask yourself: What is heat?

Contemporary answers on 'heat' are unsatisfactory.

There is no attempt at addressing what this thing is that 'flows from a high energy source to a lower energy destination' and in the process causes molecules in the destination to move faster and those in the source to move more slowly.

Labelling something and saying what it does is NOT explaining what it IS or how it works to produce the observed result.

What is the mechanism involved?

How does heat cause a sheet of iron to expand?

Claims that 'heat' causes the kinetic energy of a material's atoms and molecules to increase and this causes them to move about more, thus causing expansion, is addressing an effect, not the mechanism by which that effect comes about.

Physicists know there is something wrong with our understanding of science at the micro level.

Einstein knew this, and carried his most fundamental question to the grave after pondering it for many years:- What is light?

He was quite correct in seeing the answer to this question as central to our understanding of reality but with great hubris considered anyone other than himself who perceived an answer to be a deluded rascal.

To me, a true scientist is never satisfied with nebulous answers, and any answer the understanding of which requires superior intellect to comprehend [such as quantum mechanics], should always be considered suspect.

Everything is, in essence, simple in my view. Perhaps not easy to figure out, but ultimately simple.

If you are in any sense a scientist or want to understand the world around you, please consider the ideas in this simple-minded analysis of heat with an open mind.

Unfortunately, everyone, scientists included, is almost inescapably captivated by what they think they already know, but if YOU are able to break those mental bonds you may be truly excited by what you see.

Thermal Expansion – The Ignis model.

WHEN SUNLIGHT FALLS upon a sheet of steel the steel expands as it absorbs energy from the light.

Expansion of the metal means that the space between its molecules is increasing. That is, its molecules are moving further apart.

Any material thing that changes its location may only do so under the influence of an applied force. This is true of the weights you may lift in the gym and also of every one of the individual atoms making up those weights.

To move an atom, force must be applied by a material body imparting momentum arising from its moving mass.

For two bodies to interact they must each possess some characteristic permitting a mutual exchange of force.

In the Ignis hypothesis the shared characteristic allowing an interaction between photons and atoms is mutually repelling negative charge.

As far as I am aware, conventional science has no reasonable explanation for the 'heat' related movement of atoms in the expansion process.

No mechanism is described by which electromagnetic radiation ['light waves'] is able to engage with atoms in a manner capable of applying motive force to them.

Physics is adamant that photons [electromagnetic energy] have no mass and no charge.

A 'thing' with no mass can have no momentum with which to impart motion to another 'thing'.

This claim presents a major but unaddressed and unspoken challenge to the legitimacy of physics as a science.

The Ignis model puts forward the idea that photons [electromagnetic energy] possess both minute mass and minute negative charge very briefly once each cycle of their repetitive alternation between energy and material phases.

In this hypothesis, this charged, transient physical presence is the only portion of their cycle in which photons are able to interact with 'matter'.

The Ignis model says that during its spatially linear path each photon materializes periodically, with the space between material presences being determined by the energy of the individual photon.

High energy photons 'appear' with the space between each physical presence being less than that for lower energy photons.

Thermal Expansion Diagram 1.

General propagation relationship between photons of different periods.

EACH DOT IN DIAGRAM. 1. represents the material presence of a photon possessing mass and charge. Dot sizes indicate the relative level of mass and charge in each instance. It's important to note that photon dots in a line represent the same photon as it repeatedly transitions from the energy to material forms and back.

It must be stressed that photons