CHASE!: MANAGING YOUR DOG’S PREDATORY INSTINCTS

Chase!

Managing Your Dog’s Predatory Instincts

Clarissa von Reinhardt

Wenatchee, Washington U.S.A.

Chase!

Managing Your Dog’s Predatory Instincts

Clarissa von Reinhardt

Dogwise Publishing

A Division of Direct Book Service, Inc.

403 South Mission Street, Wenatchee, Washington 98801

1-509-663-9115, 1-800-776-2665

www.dogwisepublishing.com / [email protected]

© 2010 Clarissa von Reinhardt

Originally published in Germany under the title Das unerwünschte Jagdverhalten des Hundes © 2005

Photographs: Annette Gevatter, Anja Birke-Haardt, Ulrike Hasenmeier-Reimer, Anne Lill Kvam, Birgit Neumark, Gudrun Hundertmark, Konrad Dolderer, M. Rohlf, istockphoto

Illustrations: Jürgen Zimmermann, Stuttgart

Graphic Design: Lindsay Peternell

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

Limits of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty:

The author and publisher shall not be liable in the event of incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of the instructions and suggestions contained in this book.

ISBN: 978-1-929242-68-9

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Reinhardt, Clarissa von.

[Unerwunschte Jagdverhalten des Hundes. English]

Chase! : managing your dog’s predatory instincts / Clarissa von Reinhardt.

p. cm.

ISBN 978-1-929242-68-9

1. Dogs--Training. 2. Dogs--Behavior. 3. Predatory animals--Psychology.

I. Title.

SF431.R42613 2010

636.7’0835--dc22

2010005276

Printed in the U.S.A.

More praise for Chase!

A great read for anyone who has struggled to come to grips with a dog who chases other animals. Chase! provides a comprehensive training program that addresses both the mental and physical needs of these challenging dogs and resoundingly refutes the need for aversive techniques. The training program is one that many dogs would raise their paws to, whether they have a high predatory instinct or not.

Terry Long, CPDT-KA, editor of the APDT Chronicle of the Dog’s On Behavior column and author of The Whole Dog Journal’s Good Sports series

Understanding a dog’s predatory nature can take years. The ability to help teach a novice handler to help their dogs step by step is a real gift. Clarissa has written a wonderful book on how to humanly and successfully work with our canine friends. She is clear it will take time and patience and to not hurry the process. This is one of the best books you can read to help guardians and their prey driven dogs help one another successfully become a team—and to strengthen the bond between them. You will learn to communicate openly and find joy and solace enjoying the countryside without the worry of the dog chasing wild game or cats. Congratulations Clarissa...

Dee Ganley, CPDT, CABC, CAP2, Author of Changing People Changing Dogs, Positive Solutions for Working with Dogs

Introduction

Dogs who have a strong desire to chase things—deer, squirrels, cars, bicyclists, running children, etc.—present their owners many frustrating problems. A dog who suddenly takes off running after whatever he perceives to be prey can cause all sorts of difficulties and become a danger to himself, you, and whoever or whatever he is chasing. The reaction of most owners who face this situation is to try to stop the behavior by such means as keeping the dog tightly on-leash at all times, resorting to the use of shock collars and electronic fences, or even having the dog chained up for hours on end. There are people who are more than happy to try to sell you on a quick and easy solution, but most are ineffective or inhumane. As you will learn in this book, you can use positive training methods to help manage this problem.

The predatory dive your dog may be displaying is both complex and fascinating, and it is important that you understand it in order to keep it under control. Predatory behaviors in dogs are:

Both hereditary and shaped during early development.

Are natural instincts aroused by the environment.

Learned in part by imitation.

Influenced by the actions of others.

Frequently, though not always, linked to hunger.

Need to be practiced.

May depend on the dog’s individual nature and preferences.

Although it is obvious that we cannot allow our pet dogs free rein to always live out this behavior in the modern world, I find the capabilities they come equipped with fascinating. Their olfactory abilities are legendary, but they also utilize other senses to locate prey. In a flash, a strategy is developed and followed, sometimes culminating in the desired result—at least from the dog’s point of view! This drive may be so strong that even if the prey does manage to escape, the dog will not give up.

If you want to create a suitable training plan to prevent troublesome prey behavior from developing in your dog, you must first understand how this behavior has evolved. In order to apply effective intervention at the right moment, you need to know about the behavior of the canid in great detail—its character, the role of predation, the use of its senses, its body language, how it manifests itself in different types of breeds, and much more.

Intervening to control this behavior must never involve violence toward or pain for the dog. The question of the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of aversive training methods (which I examine in Chapter 6) is of secondary importance. First and foremost, it is a question of fairness and morality. I am completely convinced that we have no right to punish an animal for an instinctive behavior that has been genetically determined through a long evolutionary process.

I have chosen to focus largely on chase and prey behavior that dogs exhibit toward other animals. The rural part of Germany in which I live has extensive forests, game parks, and parklands. Dogs chasing and harming other animals is a very common problem. In more urbanized areas, of course, dogs may exhibit chase and prey behavior toward running children, cars, bicyclists, squirrels, ducks, etc. The techniques and training methods I recommend apply in either circumstance. However, if your dog is exhibiting a prey drive toward people or moving vehicles, the consequences to both the dog and its intended victim can be very serious. In this case, I would recommend that you seek the help and advice of a professional trainer. At the very least, be very careful working with your dog in an area where, if you lose control of him, he runs a risk of harming someone, something, or himself.

This book is my invitation to you to delve into this fascinating and complex behavior which often manifests itself in domestic dogs, and to discover a training program that completely rejects the use of aversive stimuli. This program will strengthen the bond between you and your dog and can be a lot of fun for both of you as well.

Chapter 1: Predatory Behavior

Predation is influenced by a whole host of behavioral patterns, many of which are genetically determined and others that are shaped by the environment in which a dog lives. The ancestors of the modern dog were both hunters and scavengers. Obviously, dogs in the wild who showed skill in locating, hunting, and killing prey survived and passed these traits on to their offspring. These predatory traits remain in the modern domestic dog, although more so in some dogs than in others.

Predatory behavior patterns

In general, chase and prey behaviors occur when the dog becomes aware of stimuli that trigger whatever predatory drive the dog possesses. These triggers almost always involve movement, such as a butterfly in flight, a jumping rabbit, a jogger running past, or even just a piece of paper blowing about in the wind. Most of these things are largely uninteresting to and therefore ignored by the dog once they stop moving, do not run away or run around, and so on. However, if they do continue to move, the dog may react instinctively by chasing and trying to catch them.

Behavioral patterns related to predation, which can take on a more serious character at a later stage, are often playfully experimented with and perfected during the puppy phase-even as early as the sixth week of life! These include:

Stalking.

Intense staring (eye stalking).

The attack

The grab-bite.

Carrying away and guarding prey.

A young dog displaying stalking and staring behaviors.

A young dog doesn't learn these behaviors through self-directed experimentation alone, but also by imitating the actions he sees performed by his mother or other adult dogs. For this reason, you should take great care (especially in the puppy and young dog phases) that an older dog does not show your dog where the rabbit runs-in the truest sense of the term. While your dog may not have indicated any interest in chasing prey, even when they run right past his nose, you should not underestimate the danger of mood transfer from another dog. If there is another dog nearby who races off, barking loudly, the chances are that your dog will run after him. If this isn't the case, I hope you can appreciate how really lucky you are.

When young canines in the wild are around four weeks old, the mother dog begins to demonstrate behavioral patterns to them. For example, lying down in front of the pups with a bone and gnawing on it demonstrably. Then she might bring her puppies dead prey animals or large chunks of them on which they can practice the best way to use their paws and fangs for holding and eating. Later, the mother will bring them live prey animals (that are capable of attempting to flee) in order to provide the puppies with training material. From our perspective, this may seem gruesome, but it is of enormous importance for survival in the wild.

Over time puppies learn slowly but surely the skills they need to survive by imitating others. Through trial and error (another learning principle), they discover the best way to gnaw a bone, and then to catch, hold, and also kill prey. A wild dog or wolf who doesn't learn these