Letters to a Young Farmer: On Food, Farming, and Our Future

INTRODUCTION

I want to go home.

Not to the house that I live in with my husband and children, but to the place where I grew up and where my roots are firmly planted. I don’t know what drives my instinct to return to this place. But maybe my deep attachment to northern Michigan, where my parents still live, and my desire to go back there someday are driven by the place as much as the people.

My childhood was spent amid a glacial landscape of gently sculpted hills, deep sandy soils, crisp lakes, and gravelly rivers. Just as geography and climate shaped my world, so too did the industry of generations of family farmers—those who planted orchards of tart and sweet cherries, who cultivated rolling pastures of hay, hunted morels in their woodlots, and managed extensive plantations of second-growth pine.

My attachment to this place lives in memories of kayaking down the Intermediate River, leaf-peeping at Deadman’s Hill every fall, and listening to my parents’ brass quintet practicing in the kitchen while I tried to do my homework. But among the most powerful memories is one of a farm that lies just outside of the small town where I grew up—a farm high atop a glacial moraine between Torch Lake and Lake Bellaire. It’s the farm on the hill where my dad got his Scout stuck for three days in the blizzard of ’78. It sits across the road and up the hill from the homes of high school friends.

The landscape of Kalchik farm is carefully tended, as it has been my entire life. But I took it for granted. I did not fully appreciate the kind of care it receives until I had the opportunity to work with imaginative and hardworking farmers like Jack Algiere, our lead farmer at Stone Barns Center for Food and Agriculture. But I did have a sense that Kalchik farm represented a brand of stewardship and a protective spirit that made our community special, for it was managed in ways that were respectful of both the natural environment and the people who live there.

Today, knowing the thought and care that Jack gives not only to the intimate management of our farm but also to the larger landscape of woodlands and creeks of which the farm is a part—knowing this now, when I pass Kalchik farm on visits home, I think about what Mr. Kalchik sees that I do not see when he looks out across that extraordinary landscape. I am not a farmer, as Mr. Kalchik and Jack are, but Jack is teaching me to observe, to look closely and try to understand what the landscape tells us: Weak stems and the arrival of new pests may mean that the soil has too much nitrogen. Weedy pastures rich in docks may be pointing to subsurface compaction of soil and a calcium deficiency. The disappearance of kestrels may warn of too many herbicides applied in fields well beyond our farm. Jack has taught me to listen, to watch, to see, as the poet William Wordsworth said, into the life of things.

This book, in part, is about learning to see what others, many of them farmers, see—things we don’t see or that we take for granted. It’s about capturing their reflections and stories, to be shared down through generations. The stories from our agricultural landscapes and heritage hold compelling ideas about feeding people, fostering community, sustaining livelihoods, restoring soil, sequestering carbon, protecting natural systems, and reconnecting us to the land. The letters and essays in this anthology reveal important ideas about food, agriculture, and culture—how patterns of eating and farming have emerged and evolved, and sometimes devolved, and how they need to coalesce now in a way that creates a more sustainable future.

Letters to a Young Farmer, written by some of the most influential farmers, writers, leaders, and entrepreneurs of our time, offers advice, observations, gratitude, and a measure of harsh reality. Farming is a difficult endeavor and an arduous undertaking at best, yet farming remains one of the most important, tangible, and meaningful things one can do to improve human and environmental health and community well-being. And it is vital to our future.

Stone Barns Center was founded in 2004 to create a healthy and sustainable food system. We work on both how food is grown and how it is eaten, and we invest in the people, such as farmers, who are envisioning and building a resilient and sustainable future. On our eighty-acre farm north of New York City, in concert with our partner, Blue Hill at Stone Barns, we bring together farmers, chefs, scientists, entrepreneurs, journalists, thought leaders, and others who can help shape and give voice to a way of eating and cooking that is based on healthy farms, soils, and ecosystems. We work with people—many of whom are included in this book—who care deeply about solving the problems that confound our American agriculture, diet, and food system.

This anthology grew out of our concern for the next generation of American farmers, who are inheriting all the problems created over the past decades and yet on whom we are relying to feed us well into the future. We invited a range of talented and experienced farmers and nonfarmers alike to contribute a letter or essay to this collection. We asked them quite simply, What would you say to young farmers who are setting out to farm now? This book is the multifaceted, deeply inspiring response to that question.

Through this collection of voices, we hope to shed light on some of the key issues confronting farming today and on the search for answers. All of the book’s contributors are thoughtful and generous with their words—words that articulate their dreams and despair, beliefs and commitment, histories and experience.

In these letters, I hope you will find that the promise of a more sustainable and resilient future has never been brighter, and that the prospects for good food, grown well, are strong. There are big challenges and significant obstacles ahead, but take heart as you soak in these words and embrace their wisdom. Believe in the vision they hold of a future where we value and respect farmers who grow and raise food in ways that treat land, animals, and people well; a future in which we hold farmers everywhere with the appreciation, respect, and encouragement they deserve.

Jill Isenbarger

Executive Director

Stone Barns Center for Food and Agriculture

BARBARA KINGSOLVER

Let me speak to you as a familiar, because of all the years I’ve cherished members of your tribe. Of course, I also know you’re only yourself, just as I remember the uniqueness of every intern, WWOOFer, and summer weed-puller who has spent a season or two on our family’s farm. Some preferred to work without shoes. Some were captivated by the science of soils, botany, and pest management. Some listened to their iPods, or meditated, or even sang as they hoed and weeded, while others found no music among the bean beetles. A few confessed to finding this work too hard, but many have gone on to manage other farms or buy places of their own. In these exceptional souls I invest my hopes.

I don’t need to tell you what there is to love in this life; you’ve chosen it. Maybe you’ve even had to defend that choice already against family or academic advisers who don’t see the future in farming. Clearly you do, and are moved by the daily rewards. You like early rising. You can’t wait to get outside, cup of coffee in hand, to walk among seeded rows and take stock of the new lives that have risen to meet the day. You’d stay late in the barn with a ewe giving birth, just for the thrill of watching the newborns emerge and make their wobbly first march to the teat, a new family creating itself before your eyes. You’ll slog through a deep February snow to enter the summery hoop house, inhale a humid blast of kale-scented oxygen, and smile like a fox, knowing you’ve mastered time travel here, at least on a modest vegetable scale.

I expect you know you’ll have to navigate many kinds of relationships. It’s tempting to think of farming as a hermitage, and it’s true you’ll sink deeply into one place, learning by heart the insides and edges of its weather and soils. Its pollinators and birdsongs will be the poetry and music of your days. You’ll have a stormy, long-term relationship with a troop of deer or a dynasty of groundhogs. You’ll need a good dog. But your life will be full of people, too—sometimes so many as to drive you a little crazy—as you foster your own tribe of interns who come to you with unformed agrarian ideals. Give them enough work to sort out the able from the unsuited, and whet their ambitions. Look around for mentors. Traditionally, farms passed down through generations, but at this point in history, that’s not likely to be your case. It will be up to you to find your farming family, people who can teach you how to make smart choices and forgive your own mistakes. You’ll meet long-timers at conferences, and if you’re lucky, in your own neighborhood. Even if some of these old-schoolers have approaches that strike you as outmoded, they stayed on the land when everyone else was leaving it, and for this they deserve respect.

Of course, the majority of people in your life won’t be producers but consumers: the happy you-pick families and CSA subscribers, the hard-to-please chefs and retailers, the farmers’ market patrons. Their ignorance will alternately entertain and aggravate you. They won’t understand what to do with your kohlrabi, or why you can’t hand over turkeys in November that they didn’t order in April. They’ll want to know why your tomatoes cost more than the ones they buy at the store—the ones picked by exploited labor, grown on some faraway land that’s being poisoned to death. Try to explain. Once will not be enough. Be patient, because you need these hungry people as a musician needs listeners, as a writer needs readers. To them you owe the privilege of doing the work you love.

It probably goes without saying that you’ll need to study, keep good records, keep your eyes open, and respect the complexities of your profession. It’s a bold business in which you will partner with your ecosystem in everyday acts of creation. People have been doing this for as long as we’ve called ourselves civilized, and that doesn’t mean it’s easy. That means your profession has a history, a philosophy, a body of science, and whole libraries of accumulated wisdom. As the world changes, you’ll have to learn not just the old ways but new ones, how to cope with new kinds of droughts and floods, the critical importance of sequestering carbon under your crops and grass-finished livestock. You can read the modern innovators—Eliot Coleman, Joel Salatin, Wes Jackson, among many—who are rescuing your profession from decades of mistakes that masqueraded as modernity. And the scientist-philosophers whose wisdom exhorted us all along to avoid those mistakes: Sir Albert Howard, Rudolf Steiner, Lady Eve Balfour, Masanobu Fukuoka, Rachel Carson, Aldo Leopold, Wendell Berry. You’ll have to work these into your curriculum between the more urgent readings of veterinary manuals and tractor repair guides. I hope you didn’t choose this job because you disliked school. You’re still a student, and your homework will never end.

This is getting at the heart of what I want to tell you: however calloused your hands, however grimy the uniform, however your back may sometimes ache, you are a professional. Your vocation is creative, necessary, and intellectually demanding. Unfortunately, you’ll run into a lot of people who won’t see you that way. You’re the offspring of a generation—mine—that largely turned its back on the land and its benefaction. We, in our turn, were raised by a generation that set itself hard to the project of escaping from agriculture. For the latter half of the twentieth century, the official story was that modern ingenuity could mechanize farming so efficiently, a handful of folks could oversee the process while everyone else fled the tyrannies of farm life and rural stultification. Legions believed that story, trained their sights on the city lights, and never looked back. Or they were heartbroken at the prospect of forsaking their family livelihood, but still were forced by poverty to leave the farm for the factory. In any case, they counseled us, their children, to stay in school and study hard so we could score a respectable life sitting at a desk indoors and never get dirt under our fingernails at all.

The subtext of this message is that manual labor is degrading and that soil is, well, dirty. Some people will see your coveralls and presume, at best, a countrified backwardness, and, at worst, a deficit of smarts or ambition. It’s a hateful bigotry, as wrong as equating those deficits with dark skin, or femaleness, or a Southern accent. (And I’ll add here, if you are a female Southern farmer of color, I dearly hope you’ve found an online support group.) Prejudice runs around unchecked in surprising quarters. I know kind, well-educated people who happily patronize their farmers’ market but recoil at the idea of their offspring becoming farmers. It will take time for your profession to recover from decades of bad press. Whether you like this agenda or not, your career is going to be a sort of public relations event, in which you will surprise your market customers not only with your flawless eggplants but also with your intelligence, industry, and good grammar. This might be just the mother in me talking, but if you show up clean, it will help.

In exchange for your efforts, we will learn to respect the art and science of your work. We’ll be grateful for your courage and your vision. Prepare to rectify one of the most ridiculous, sustained oversights in all of human existence. When we told our youth that farming was a lowly aim compared with becoming teachers, doctors, or lawyers, what were we thinking? We need teachers for just a few of life’s decades. If we’re lucky, we’ll see a doctor only a few times a year, and a lawyer even less. But we need farmers every single day of our lives, beginning to end, no exceptions. We forgot about that for a while, and the price was immense. Slowly, we’re coming back to our senses. Be patient with us. We need you.

Barbara Kingsolver’s thirteen books of fiction, poetry, and creative nonfiction include the novels The Bean Trees, The Poisonwood Bible, and The Lacuna, winner of the Orange Prize for Fiction. Translated into more than twenty languages, her work has won a devoted worldwide readership and many awards, including the National Humanities Medal. Many of her books have been incorporated into the core English literature curriculum of colleges throughout the country.

AMIGO BOB CANTISANO

I am one of thousands who moved to the country in the back-to-the-land era of the late sixties and early seventies. I am one of the few of that once-popular movement who survived, thrived, and is still farming. In my forty-six years of organic farming, farm advising, and activism, I’ve learned a few things that may be useful for you. I wish to share them in the hopes you will be able to stand on the shoulders of your elders and in the sincere wish that you will be one who is thriving forty years hence.

But first, congratulations and thank you for joining us! We agrarian elders are thrilled to see the rising interest in agriculture from young people. After decades of an ever-increasing aging in the organic farming movement, it is a great relief to see the vigor and excitement of youth being demonstrated by all the new farmers attracted to the agrarian effort. It gives us farmers and activists great heart to know that our efforts were fruitful in stimulating the next generation to return to the land. We are so grateful you are with us.

While there is genuine excitement and positive change taking place in agriculture, it is tempered by challenges that are real and potentially debilitating to this burgeoning movement. In this essay, I hope to identify some of these, as well as your opportunity and responsibility to address them successfully so that your important efforts are truly sustainable.

Economics. While the demand and interest in local and organic food is at an all-time high, it is all too apparent that the economic constraints associated with small-acreage organic farming are as daunting as ever. It will require great adaptability and perseverance on your part to be economically viable. The pressures from so many directions are still stacked against the family farmer. It is essential to establish enduring relationships with your customers and create a personal relationship with your audience, not only for the satisfaction of knowing who is enjoying your food but also so that you may present compelling arguments about your need to earn a real living from the food you provide. This may require many forms of communication and outreach, in a nearly nonstop effort.

Do not consider yourself a failure for having a difficult time making a real profit in agriculture; it’s rare. You or your significant other may need off-farm income to sustain your farming addiction. In a recent survey in our rural county, 92