A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
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An Irish clergyman who spent his entire philosophical career as a churchman, Berkeley linked his investigations to his religious interests. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge opens with an assault on Locke’s theory of abstract ideas and proceeds with arguments that sensible qualities exist only when perceived as ideas. Physical objects, he claims, are no more than collections of qualities, and these sensible objects, too, are merely ideas. Berkeley relates his position to the achievements of eighteenth-century science, and proclaims the compatibility of immaterialism with traditional religion.
The fullest expression of Berkeley’s doctrine of immaterialism, this classic work influenced British philosophers from David Hume to Bertrand Russell and the other logical positivists. It is essential reading for all students of philosophy.
George Berkeley
George Berkeley wird 1685 in Südirland geboren. Nach dem Studium am Trinity College wird er 1707 Lehrer der Theologie. 1710 erscheint Eine Abhandlung über die Prinzipien der menschlichen Erkenntnis, das Hauptwerk, das ihn als einen der großen Vertreter des Empirismus, resp. der englischen Aufklärung zeigt. In dem Satz „Sein ist Wahrgenommenwerden“ zeigt sich das Axiom seiner Philosophie, demnach es eine von der menschlichen Wahrnehmung unabhängige Außenwelt nicht geben kann. Die Welt sei somit ein Phänomen ihres Beobachters, das seine alleinige Ursache in Gott habe. Diese Thesen werden in der populäreren Schrift Drei Dialoge zwischen Hylas und Philonous (1713) wiederaufgenommen und gegen die in der Zwischenzeit erhobenen Einwände verteidigt.Längere Aufenthalte in London und Italien lassen in Berkeley den Plan reifen, ein College auf den Bermudas zu gründen, um dort die Kinder der Eingeborenen zu missionieren. 1728 bricht er nach Rhode Island auf, wartet aber bis 1731 vergeblich auf die zugesagte staatliche Unterstützung für sein Projekt. In dieser Zeit entsteht Alciphron oder der kleine Philosoph, eine Streitschrift gegen Freidenkertum und Erscheinungen des Zeitgeistes, die er für verderblich hält. Zurückgekehrt nach Irland, wird er 1734 Bischof von Cloyne. Berkeley stirbt 1753 in Oxford.
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