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    Pennsylvania Dutch Country
    Pennsylvania Dutch Country
    Pennsylvania Dutch Country
    Ebook181 pages36 minutes

    Pennsylvania Dutch Country

    By Tom Range Sr.

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    The people of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country, the "plain people," avoid manifestations of modern culture, preferring to live a simple life in accordance with their interpretation of the Bible. The Old Order Amish are considered the most fundamentalist, shunning electric appliances, gasoline-powered vehicles, modern dress, and engaging primarily in agriculture. Since the Pennsylvania Dutch Country is a favored vacation destination, postcard publishers have produced scenes of the everyday life of the plain people since the beginning of the twentieth century. More than two hundred of these postcards are meticulously arranged and described in Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArcadia Publishing
    Release dateMar 12, 2002
    ISBN9781439628355
    Pennsylvania Dutch Country
    Author

    Tom Range Sr.

    Tom Range Sr. is a native New Yorker and, since his high school days fifty years ago, a straphanger on its subway and els. As a New York City resident, he was associated with the Metropolitan Postcard Collectors Club in Manhattan. Today, he is an active member of the Washington Crossing Card Collectors Club in Titusville, New Jersey.

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      Book preview

      Pennsylvania Dutch Country - Tom Range Sr.

      offensive.

      INTRODUCTION

      Since the earliest days of 20th-century rail and automobile travel, the tourist alighting upon the streets of the urban areas of Lancaster County has been in for a jolt of culture shock. Unless the visitor came from a city and was familiar with the melting-pot commingling of customs of newly arrived immigrants, the garb and accents of many of the passersby would bewilder him. Being referred to as English irrespective of his origin would equally puzzle him. The people dressed in what he would consider unusual clothes are the plain people of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Generally referred to as the Amish, they in fact encompass three major religious sects—the Mennonites, the Amish, and the Brethren (or Dunkard) congregation.

      The Mennonite sect, formed in Switzerland in 1525, takes its name from Menno Simons, a Dutch leader who came into the movement in 1536. A breakaway sect, the Amish, was founded in 1693 by Jacob Amman, a Mennonite preacher in Bern, Switzerland. Dunkards are so named for their tradition of total immersion in a flowing stream upon baptism at about age 16. The baptismal candidates are literally dunked in the water. Virtually all of the plain sects are Anabaptists, not following the baptism of infants prevalent in Catholicism and in many mainstream Protestant denominations.

      The Old Order Amish tend to be the most fundamental in their religious beliefs and traditions, forswearing most modern conveniences. They adhere to their local dialect of the German language and the mode of dress derived from the German Palatinate in the mid-18th century. To them, anyone who is not Amish is English.

      The oldest of the three sects, the Mennonites, settled in Germantown, Pennsylvania, in 1683 to take advantage of William Penn’s liberal religious tolerance policies. The Amish arrived in Philadelphia in 1737. The Brethren came in 1719. The term Dutch Country is a misnomer; the plain people came generally from Germany and Switzerland, not from the Netherlands. Their dress copies the styles worn in their native regions more than 200 years ago.

      Old Order Amish males (both men and boys) wear wide-brimmed hats and black trousers held up by suspenders. Their outerwear is fastened by hook and eye. Buttons are not used to fasten outerwear as a sign of protest against the ornate buttons of the European military, which oppressed their forefathers for generations. Married men are required to wear a beard but no mustache, a practice again rooted in the past when the military wore flamboyant lip hair.

      The women and girls in the Amish culture wear similar styles. For both sexes, the basic color is black for outerwear, relieved by brilliant maroons, pinks, and blues of shirts and dresses (all, however, in solid colors). Hidden beneath the women’s outer headwear are white head coverings called kapps. These are worn throughout the day by Amish women to hide their hair, a woman’s crowning glory. To display one’s hair would be vain, and vanity is a sin. The shunning of anything worldly is a tenet of the Amish religion.

      Although the plain people do not hesitate to use modern public transportation to travel outside their communities, the ownership and operation of an automobile is forbidden. Gasoline-operated farm equipment is similarly forbidden.Virtually every technological improvement in farming over the last 200 years has been ignored by the plain people.Yet their farms prosper as a result of endless days of toil and a lifelong dedication to farming as a religious vocation.

      Picture postcard representations of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country have existed for about as long as postcards have been allowed to pass through the mails at a rate less than letters—that is, since 1898. I have chosen early images, which contrast plain visitors to urban areas, particularly Lancaster, with the English residents of the cities and towns. Virtually all of the views date from before the 1960s. In some cases, more modern cards reproduce photographs taken years before. Since the clothing styles and farm equipment have changed little from one generation to the next, these views are virtually timeless. Throughout

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