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Hirshleifer, Jack ( 1925-2005 )
Jack Hirshleifer fue pionero en numerosos campos: en la economía de la información, la teoría de la incertidumbre, la bioeconomía y en el análisis económico del poder y del conflicto.
Hirshleifer nació en el barrio neoyorkino de Brooklyn el 26 de agosto de 1925. Sus estudios fueron interrumpidos por la segunda guerra mundial, en la que sirvió en la marina, en el Pacífico. Tras la guerra obtuvo su licenciatura (1945) y su doctorado (1950) en la Universidad de Harvard. Trabajó como economista para la RAND Corporation (1949-1955) y como profesor en la Universidad de Chicago (1955-1960). En 1960 se incorporó al Departamento de Economía de UCLA, en donde trabajó el resto de su vida.
Sus primeros trabajos, por encargo la RAND, le hicieron interesarse por el comportamiento económico de las sociedades en situaciones extremas, tratando de valorar la capacidad de supervivencia tras catástrofes naturales o bélicas y la posibilidad de mantenimiento de recursos básicos como el agua.
Posteriormente trabajó en la teoría de la inversión, destacando su revalorización de la teoría de Irving Fisher sobre la inversión e interés (1958, 1970). Amplió su análisis para intentar la formalización de una teoría de la inversión bajo incertidumbre en uno de los usos más tempranos de las propuestas de Kenneth Arrow (1965, 1966). En la teoría de información, demostró en 1971 la paradoja de que un exceso de información puede reducir el bienestar.
Siendo siempre un economista ortodoxo, ha buscado un enfoque dinámico, aplicando la formalización del evolucionismo darwinista en el análisis del comportamiento estratégico, con interesantes aportaciones teóricas a la dinámica de la Teoría de Juegos inspiradas por el análisis del comportamiento animal.
En el área del análisis económico del poder y del conflicto, su trabajo ha destacado el paralelismo entre las diversas manifestaciones del conflicto: guerras, crímenes, pleitos, huelgas obreras y cierres patronales, políticas redistributivas y absorciones empresariales.
Fue miembro de la American Academy of Arts and Sciences y de la Econometric Society, vicepresidente de la American Economic Association y presidente de la Western Economic Association.
Falleció el 26 de julio de 2005.
Ver también
OBRAS
Hirshleifer, J., 1952. A review of Economic
Dynamics, by W. J. Baumol, American Economic Review 42, 148-149.
Hirshleifer, J., 1953a. War Damage Insurance. Review of Economics and Statistics
25, 144-153.
Hirshleifer, J., 1953b. Compensation for War Damage: An Economic View. Columbia
Law Review 60, 180-94.
Hirshleifer, J., 1955a. The Exchange Between Quantity and Quality. Quarterly
Journal of Economics 69, 596-606.
Hirshleifer, J., 1955b. A review of Uncertainty and Business Decisions -
Symposium by Carter, Meredith, and Shackle, eds., American Economic Review 45,
159-161.
Hirshleifer, J., 1956a. On the Economics of Transfer Pricing. Journal of
Business 29,172-184.
Hirshleifer, J., 1956b. Some Thoughts on the Social Structure After a Bombing
Disaster. World Politics 8, 206-227.
Hirshleifer, J., 1957. Economics of the Divisionalized Firm. Journal of Business
30, 96-108.
Hirshleifer, J., 1958a. On the Theory of Optimal Investment Decision. Journal of
Political Economy 66, 329-352.
Hirshleifer, J., 1958b. Peak Loads and Efficient Pricing: Comment. Quarterly
Journal of Economics 72, 451-462.
Hirshleifer, J., 1959a. Capitalist Ethics - Tough or Soft? Journal of Law and
Economics 2, 114-119.
Hirshleifer, J., 1959b. The Sumptuary Manifesto. Journal of Law and Economics 2,
120-123 (Pseud.: "The Secretary").
Hirshleifer, J., 1960. Water Supply for Southern California - Rationalization or
Expansion? Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Western Economic
Association.
Hirshleifer, J., 1961a. The Bayesian Approach to Statistical Decision: An
Exposition. Journal of Business 34, 471-489.
Hirshleifer, J., 1961b. Risk, the Discount Rate and Investment Decisions.
American Economic Review 51, 112-120.
Hirshleifer, J., 1962a. The Civil Defense Debate. The New Leader 45, 4, 10-15.
Hirshleifer, J., 1962b. An Exposition of the Equilibrium of the Firm: Symmetry
Between Product and Factor Analyses. Economica N.S. 29, 263-268.
Hirshleifer, J., 1962c. The Firm's Cost Function: A Successful Reconstruction?
Journal of Business 35, 235-255.
Hirshleifer, J., 1962d. A review of Investment and Production: A Study in the
Theory of the Capital-Using Enterprise, by Vernon L. Smith, American Economic
Review 52, 540-542.
Hirshleifer, J., 1964a. Efficient Allocation of Capital in an Uncertain World.
American Economic Review 54, 77-85.
Hirshleifer, J., 1964b. Internal Pricing and Decentralized Decisions. In Bonini,
C.P., Jaedicke, R.K., Wagner, H.M., eds., Management Controls New Directions in
Basic Research, McGraw-Hill, 27-37.
Hirshleifer, J., 1965. Investment Decision under Uncertainty: Choice-Theoretic
Approaches. Quarterly Journal of Economics 79, 509-536.
Hirshleifer, J., 1966. Investment Decision under Uncertainty: Applications of
the State-Preference Approach. Quarterly Journal of Economics 80, 252-277.
Hirshleifer, J., 1967. A Note on the Bohm-Bawerk/Wicksell Theory of Interest.
Review of Economic Studies 34, 191-199.
Hirshleifer, J., 1968a. The Investment Decision. International Encyclopedia of
the Social Sciences 8, 194-202.
Hirshleifer, J., 1968b. Preference Sociale a L'Egard du Temps. Recherches
Economiques de Louvain 34, 3-16.
Hirshleifer, J., 1969. Economic Recovery. In Wigner, E.P., ed. Survival and the
Bomb: Methods of Civil Defense, Indiana University Press, 241-260.
Hirshleifer, J., 1970. Investment, Interest, and Capital. Prentice-Hall. German
translation: Kapitaltheorie. Studien-Bibliothek Keipenheuer & Witsch. Cologne,
1974. Taiwan edition: 1971.
Hirshleifer, J., 1971. The Private and Social Value of Information and the
Reward to Inventive Activity. American Economic Review 61, 561-574.
Hirshleifer, J., 1972. Liquidity, Uncertainty, and the Accumulation of
Information. In Carter, C.F. and Ford, J.L., eds., Uncertainty and Expectations
in Economics: Essays in Honour of G.L.S. Shackle. Basil Blackwell, Oxford,
136-147.
Hirshleifer, J., 1973a. Where Are We in the Theory of Information? American
Economic Review 63, 31-39.
Hirshleifer, J., 1973b. Exchange Theory: The Missing Chapter. Western Economic
Journal 11, 129-146.
Hirshleifer, J., 1975. Speculation and Equilibrium: Information, Risk, and
Markets. Quarterly Journal of Economics 89, 520-542.
Hirshleifer, J., 1976. Price Theory and Applications. Prentice-Hall, 1976, 2nd
ed., 1980, 3rd ed., 1984, 4th ed. 1988, 5th ed. [co-author Amihai Glazer] 1992),
6th ed. [co-author David Hirshleifer] 1998. 7th ed. [co-authors Amihai Glazer
and David Hirshleifer] 2005. Japanese translation: McGraw-Hill Kogakuska, Ltd.,
1980. Spanish translations: Prentice-Hall International, 1980, Prentice-Hall
Hispanoamericana, 1988, Pearson Educacion, 2000.
Hirshleifer, J., 1977a. Economics From a Biological Viewpoint. Journal of Law
and Economics 20, 1-52.
Hirshleifer, J., 1977b. The Theory of Speculation Under Alternative Regimes of
Markets. Journal of Finance 32, 975-999.
Hirshleifer, J., 1978a. Competition, Cooperation, and Conflict in Economics and
Biology. American Economic Review 68, 238-243.
Hirshleifer, J., 1978b. Natural Economy versus Political Economy. Journal of
Social and Biological Structures 1, 319-337.
Hirshleifer, J., 1980a. Privacy: Its Origin, Function, and Future. Journal of
Legal Studies 9, 649-664.
Hirshleifer, J., 1980b. A review of Micromotives and Macrobehavior, by T.C.
Schelling, Journal of Economic Literature 18, 1092-1094.
Hirshleifer, J., 1982a. Evolutionary Models in Economics and Law: Cooperation
versus Conflict Strategies. Research in Law and Economics 4, 1-60. Also,
Author's Reply: 111-113.
Hirshleifer, J., 1982b. A review of Essays in Applied Price Theory, by R.A.
Kessel, Journal of Economic Literature 20, 136-138.
Hirshleifer, J., 1983. From Weakest-Link to Best-Shot: The Voluntary Provision
of Public Goods. Public Choice 41, 3, 371-386.
Hirshleifer, J., 1984. Evolution, Spontane Ordnung und Marktwirtschaft. In
Koslowski, P., Kreuzer, P., Low, R., eds., Evolution und Freiheit. Hirzel,
Stuttgart.
Hirshleifer, J., 1985a. The Expanding Domain of Economics. American Economic
Review 75, 53-68.
Hirshleifer, J., 1985b. From Weakest-Link to Best-Shot: Correction. Public
Choice 46. 2. 221-223.
Hirshleifer, J., 1987a. Conflict and Settlement. In The New Palgrave: A
Dictionary of Economic Theory and Doctrine, Macmillan, London.
Hirshleifer, J., 1987b. The Economic Approach to Conflict. In Radnitzky, G.,
Bemholz, P., eds., Economic Imperialism. Paragon House Publishers, New York,
335-364.
Hirshleifer, J., 1987c. Economic Behaviour in Adversity. Wheatsheaf Books Ltd.,
Brighton. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Hirshleifer, J., 1987d. Investment Decision Criteria. In The New Palgrave: A
Dictionary of Economic Theory and Doctrine, Macmillan, London.
Hirshleifer, J., 1987e. On the Emotions as Guarantors of Threats and Promises.
In Dupre, J., ed., The Latest on the Best: Essays on Evolution and Optimality.
Bradford Books, Cambridge MA, The MIT Press.
Hirshleifer, J., 1988. The Analytics of Continuing Conflict. Synthese 76,
201-233.
Hirshleifer, J., 1989a. Conflict and Rent-Seeking Success Functions: Ratio vs.
Difference Models of Relative Success. Public Choice 63, 101-112.
Hirshleifer, J., 1989b. 'Sustained Yield' Versus Capital Theory. In Hirshleifer,
J., Time, Uncertainty, and Information. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Hirshleifer, J., 1989c. Time, Uncertainty, and Information. Basil Blackwell,
Oxford.
Hirshleifer, J., 1989d. Two Models of Speculation and Information. In
Hirshleifer, J., Time, Uncertainty, and Information. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Hirshleifer, J., 1991a. The Paradox of Power. Economics and Politics 3, 177-200.
Hirshleifer, J., 1991b. The Technology of Conflict as an Economic Activity.
American Economic Review, AEA Papers and Proceedings 81, 130-134.
Hirshleifer, J., 1993a. The affections and the passions: Their economic logic.
Rationality and Society 5.
Hirshleifer, J., 1993b. Investment decision criteria – private decisions. In The
New Palgrave Dictionary of Money and Finance. Stockton Press.
Hirshleifer, J., 1993c. Investment decision criteria - public decisions. In The
New Palgrave Dictionary of Money and Finance. Stockton Press.
Hirshleifer, J., 1994. The dark side of the force. Economic Inquiry 32, 1-10.
Hirshleifer, J., 1995a. Anarchy and Its Breakdown. Journal of Political Economy
103, 1, 26-52.
Hirshleifer, J., 1995b. Theorizing about conflict. In Hartley, K., Sandler, T. (eds.).
Handbook of Defense Economics. Elsevier, North-Holland, chapter 7.
Hirshleifer, J., 1997. Good genes, a review of The Origins of Virtue: Human
Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation, by Matt Ridley, Reason.
Hirshleifer, J., 1998. The bioeconomic causes of war. Managerial and Decision
Economics 19, 457-466.
Hirshleifer, J., 1999a. Purchase disorder, a review of Luxury Fever: Why Money
Fails to Satisfy in an Age of Excess, by Robert Frank, Reason.
Hirshleifer, J., 1999b. There are many evolutionary pathways to cooperation.
Journal of Bioeconomics 1, 73-93.
Hirshleifer, J., 2000. The macrotechnology of conflict. Journal of Conflict
Resolution 44, 773-792.
Hirshleifer, J., 2001a. Appeasement: Can It Work? American Economic Review,
Papers and Proceedings 91, 2, 340-346.
Hirshleifer, J., 2001b. Game-theoretic interpretations of commitment. In Nesse,
R.M., ed., Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment, ch. 4. Russell Sage Press.
Hirshleifer, J., 2001c. The Dark Side of the Force: Economic Foundations of
Conflict Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hirshleifer, J., Kourilsky, M., 1976. Mini-Society vs. Token Economy: An
Experimental Comparison of the Effects on Learning and Autonomy of Socially
Emergent and Imposed Behavior Modification. Journal of Educational Research 69.
Hirshleifer, J., Martinez-Coll, J.C., 1988.
What
Strategies Can Support the Evolutionary Emergence of Cooperation? Journal of
Conflict Resolution 32, 367-398.
Martinez-Coll, J.C., Hirshleifer, J., 1991.
The
Limits of Reciprocity: Solution Concepts and Reactive Strategies in Evolutionary
Equilibrium Models. Rationality and Society 3, 35-64.
Hirshleifer, J., Martinez-Coll, J.C., 1992.
Selection, Mutation, and the Preservation of Diversity in Evolutionary Games.
Revista Española de Economia 9, 2, 251-273.
Hirshleifer, J., Milliman, J.W., 1967. Urban Water Supply – A Second Look.
American Economic Review 57, 169-178.
Hirshleifer, J., Osborne, E., 2001. Truth, Effort, and the Legal Battle. Public
Choice 108, 169-195.
Hirshleifer, J., Rasmusen, E., 1992. Are Equilibrium Strategies Unaffected by
Incentives? The Police Game. Journal of Theoretical Politics 4, 3, 353-367.
Hirshleifer, J., Riley, J.G., 1975. The Analytics of Uncertainty and Information:
An Expository Survey. Journal of Economic Literature 17, 1375-1421.
Hirshleifer, J., Riley, J.G., 1992. The Analytics of Uncertainty and Information.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Chinese translation, 2001.
Hirshleifer, J., Rubinstein, M.E., 1975. Speculation and Information in
Securities Markets. In Proceedings of the XX International Meeting of the
Institute of Management Sciences 2, Jerusalem Academic Press.
Hirshleifer, J., Shapiro, D.L., 1969. The Treatment of Risk and Uncertainty. In
The Analysis and Evaluation of Public Expenditure: The PPB System, Joint
Economic Committee, 91st Congress, 1st Session, vol. 1, 505-530.