Then I saw
The phrase "Then I saw" indicates a continuation of the visionary experience of John, the apostle. The Greek word for "saw" is "eidon," which implies not just a physical sight but a deeper, spiritual perception. This vision is part of the apocalyptic revelation given to John, emphasizing the divine origin and authority of the message. It is a reminder of the prophetic nature of Revelation, where God unveils His plans to His servant.

in the right hand
The "right hand" symbolizes power, authority, and sovereignty in biblical literature. In ancient cultures, the right hand was often associated with strength and honor. The fact that the scroll is in the right hand of God underscores His ultimate control over the unfolding events of history. It is a powerful image of divine authority and the assurance that God holds the future securely.

of Him who was seated on the throne
This phrase refers to God the Father, the sovereign ruler of the universe. The throne is a central image in Revelation, representing God's supreme authority and majesty. The imagery of God seated on the throne conveys stability, permanence, and the rightful rule over all creation. It is a reminder to believers of God's unchanging nature and His rightful place as the King of kings.

a scroll
The "scroll" (Greek: "biblion") is a significant symbol in Revelation. In the ancient world, scrolls were used for important documents, such as legal contracts or decrees. This particular scroll represents God's divine plan for the end times, a plan that is comprehensive and complete. The scroll's presence in the heavenly throne room highlights its importance and the divine origin of its contents.

with writing on both sides
The detail of "writing on both sides" suggests the fullness and completeness of the message contained within the scroll. In ancient times, scrolls were typically written on one side due to the texture of the papyrus or parchment. A scroll with writing on both sides indicates an abundance of information, signifying that God's plan is exhaustive and nothing is left out. It emphasizes the thoroughness of God's judgment and redemption.

and sealed with seven seals
The "seven seals" are a critical element in the unfolding narrative of Revelation. The number seven is symbolic of completeness and perfection in biblical numerology. Seals were used in the ancient world to secure documents and to signify authenticity and authority. The sealing of the scroll indicates that its contents are divinely ordained and protected until the appointed time for their revelation. The breaking of these seals will initiate the events leading to the fulfillment of God's ultimate plan for humanity and creation.

And I saw
The phrase "And I saw" indicates a continuation of John's visionary experience. The Greek word for "saw" is "eidon," which implies not just physical sight but a deeper, spiritual perception. This suggests that John is witnessing events of profound spiritual significance, beyond mere human understanding. The use of "saw" emphasizes the revelatory nature of the vision, as John is being shown divine truths that are being unveiled to him.

a mighty angel
The term "mighty angel" underscores the power and authority of this celestial being. The Greek word for "mighty" is "ischyros," which conveys strength and might. In the biblical context, angels are often messengers of God, and a "mighty angel" suggests one of high rank and importance. This angel's presence signifies the gravity of the message being proclaimed, as it pertains to the unfolding of God's divine plan.

proclaiming in a loud voice
The phrase "proclaiming in a loud voice" indicates the urgency and importance of the message. The Greek word for "proclaiming" is "kerusso," which means to herald or announce publicly. The "loud voice" ensures that the proclamation is heard by all in the heavenly realm, emphasizing the significance of the question being asked. This loud proclamation is a call to attention, highlighting the critical nature of the search for one who is worthy.

Who is worthy
The question "Who is worthy" is central to the passage. The Greek word for "worthy" is "axios," which denotes deserving or having the right qualifications. This question is not just about ability but about moral and spiritual worthiness. It reflects the need for someone who embodies perfect righteousness and holiness to execute God's plan. This search for worthiness underscores the uniqueness of Christ, who alone is found worthy.

to break the seals
The phrase "to break the seals" refers to the act of opening the scroll, which is sealed with seven seals. In ancient times, seals were used to secure documents, ensuring that only authorized individuals could open them. The breaking of the seals signifies the unveiling of God's hidden purposes and judgments. This act requires authority and legitimacy, which only the worthy one possesses.

and open the scroll?
The "scroll" represents the divine plan and revelation of God's will for the future. In the biblical context, scrolls were used to record important decrees and messages. The opening of the scroll signifies the revelation of God's ultimate plan for redemption and judgment. This act is pivotal in the unfolding of the events described in Revelation, as it sets in motion the fulfillment of God's promises and the culmination of history.

But no one
This phrase emphasizes the absolute inability of any being to perform the task at hand. In the Greek, "no one" (οὐδεὶς) underscores the universality of this incapacity, highlighting the exclusivity of Christ's worthiness. It sets the stage for the revelation of Christ's unique role in salvation history, reminding us of the limitations of all creation compared to the Creator.

in heaven or on earth or under the earth
This triadic expression encompasses all of creation, signifying the totality of the universe. "In heaven" refers to the celestial beings, including angels and saints. "On earth" includes all living humans, while "under the earth" traditionally refers to the realm of the dead or possibly demonic forces. This comprehensive scope illustrates that neither the spiritual nor the physical realms possess the authority or purity required to open the scroll, pointing to the need for a divine solution.

was able
The Greek word used here, "ἐδύνατο" (edynato), conveys the idea of power or ability. This highlights the impotence of all created beings in the face of divine mysteries. It serves as a humbling reminder of human limitations and the necessity of divine intervention in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

to open the scroll
The scroll represents God's ultimate plan and purpose for creation, sealed and inaccessible to all but the worthy. In the ancient world, scrolls were used for important documents, often sealed to ensure their contents remained hidden until the appropriate time. The inability to open the scroll signifies the mystery of God's will, which can only be revealed by one with the authority and purity to do so.

or look inside it
This phrase further emphasizes the complete inaccessibility of the scroll's contents. To "look inside" implies understanding and insight, which are beyond the reach of any creature. This reinforces the theme of divine sovereignty and the exclusive role of Christ as the revealer of God's mysteries. It inspires awe and reverence for the wisdom and knowledge of God, which surpass all human understanding.

And I began to weep loudly
The phrase captures the deep emotional response of the Apostle John. The Greek word for "weep" is "klaió," which conveys a sense of lamentation and mourning. In the context of Revelation, this weeping is not just a personal sorrow but a profound spiritual grief. John is witnessing a heavenly vision where the fate of humanity and the unfolding of God's ultimate plan seem to hang in the balance. His loud weeping underscores the intensity of the moment, reflecting the desperation and longing for redemption and revelation that is central to the human experience.

because no one was found
This phrase highlights the search for someone worthy to open the scroll. The Greek word "heuriskó" means to find or discover, indicating a thorough search. The absence of a worthy individual emphasizes the fallen state of humanity and the need for divine intervention. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of worthiness and the anticipation of a Messiah who would fulfill God's promises. Theologically, it points to the inadequacy of human efforts to achieve salvation without divine grace.

worthy
The term "axios" in Greek signifies deserving or having the weight of value. In the biblical context, worthiness is not about human merit but about divine qualification. The search for someone worthy to open the scroll is a search for one who embodies perfect righteousness and authority. This sets the stage for the revelation of Christ as the only one who meets these divine criteria, underscoring the Christian belief in Jesus as the sole mediator and redeemer.

to open the scroll
The scroll represents God's divine plan and the unfolding of future events. In ancient times, scrolls were used to record important documents, and their opening signified the execution of what was written. Theologically, the scroll symbolizes the mysteries of God's will and the culmination of history. The inability to open the scroll without a worthy individual highlights the necessity of Christ's redemptive work to unlock the mysteries of God's kingdom.

or look inside it
The act of looking inside the scroll implies understanding and revelation. The Greek word "blepó" means to see or perceive, suggesting not just a physical act but a deeper comprehension. In the biblical narrative, this signifies the unveiling of divine truth and the revelation of God's purposes. The inability to look inside the scroll without divine intervention points to the limitations of human understanding and the need for spiritual insight granted by God through Christ. This reinforces the Christian belief in the necessity of divine revelation for true understanding of God's will and the future.

Then one of the elders said to me
In the heavenly vision, the "elders" represent the redeemed, possibly the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles, symbolizing the fullness of God's people. The elder's role here is to provide comfort and revelation to John, who is in distress. This reflects the biblical theme of God using His people to convey His messages and comfort to others.

Do not weep!
The command "Do not weep" is a call to cease mourning and despair. In the context of Revelation, it signifies the transition from sorrow to hope. The Greek word used here, "klaio," often denotes a deep, lamenting cry, which is met with divine assurance. This echoes the biblical promise that God will wipe away every tear (Revelation 21:4).

Behold
The word "Behold" is an invitation to witness something extraordinary. It is a call to attention, urging the reader to focus on the revelation of Christ's victory. This term is frequently used in Scripture to introduce significant divine interventions or revelations.

the Lion of the tribe of Judah
This title for Christ draws from Genesis 49:9-10, where Jacob blesses his son Judah, prophesying that the scepter will not depart from him. The "Lion" symbolizes strength, majesty, and kingship. In Jewish tradition, the lion is a symbol of the Messiah, and here it affirms Jesus' rightful authority and power.

the Root of David
The "Root of David" signifies Jesus' messianic lineage, fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah 11:1, where a shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse, David's father. This title emphasizes Jesus' rightful claim to the throne of David, underscoring His role as the promised eternal King.

has triumphed
The Greek word "nikao" means to conquer or overcome. This victory is not through military might but through Jesus' sacrificial death and resurrection. It highlights the paradox of the Christian faith: victory through apparent defeat, strength through weakness.

to open the scroll and its seven seals
The "scroll" represents God's ultimate plan for redemption and judgment, sealed with "seven seals," indicating completeness and divine perfection. Only Christ, through His triumph, is worthy to reveal and execute God's sovereign will. This act signifies the unfolding of God's redemptive history and the assurance of His ultimate justice and restoration.

Then I saw
The phrase "Then I saw" indicates a continuation of John's visionary experience. The Greek word for "saw" is "eidon," which implies not just a physical sight but a deeper, spiritual perception. This vision is a divine revelation, emphasizing the importance of spiritual insight in understanding God's mysteries.

a Lamb
The "Lamb" is a central figure in Revelation, symbolizing Jesus Christ. The Greek word "arnion" is used here, which specifically refers to a young lamb. This imagery is deeply rooted in the sacrificial system of the Old Testament, where a lamb without blemish was offered for atonement. It highlights Christ's innocence and His role as the ultimate sacrifice for humanity's sins.

who appeared to have been slain
This phrase underscores the paradox of the Lamb's power through apparent weakness. The Greek word "esphagmenon" means "slain" or "slaughtered," evoking the image of a sacrificial offering. Despite bearing the marks of death, the Lamb stands alive, symbolizing Christ's victory over death and His redemptive work.

standing in the center of the throne
The Lamb's position "in the center of the throne" signifies His divine authority and centrality in God's plan. The throne is a symbol of God's sovereign rule, and the Lamb's presence there indicates His co-regency with God the Father. This imagery affirms the deity of Christ and His rightful place in the heavenly realm.

encircled by the four living creatures and the elders
The "four living creatures" and "elders" represent all of creation and the redeemed, respectively. Their encirclement of the Lamb signifies worship and acknowledgment of His supremacy. This scene reflects the heavenly order and the universal recognition of Christ's lordship.

The Lamb had seven horns
In biblical symbolism, "horns" represent power and authority. The number "seven" denotes completeness and perfection. Thus, the "seven horns" of the Lamb signify His perfect and complete power, underscoring His omnipotence as the risen Savior.

and seven eyes
The "seven eyes" symbolize perfect knowledge and insight. In Zechariah 4:10, eyes are associated with the omniscience of God. Here, they represent the Lamb's ability to see and understand all things, affirming His divine wisdom and awareness.

which represent the seven Spirits of God
The "seven Spirits of God" is a reference to the fullness of the Holy Spirit. This phrase echoes Isaiah 11:2, which describes the Spirit of the Lord resting upon the Messiah. It highlights the complete and perfect presence of the Holy Spirit in Christ's ministry and His ongoing work in the world.

sent out into all the earth
This phrase emphasizes the universal scope of the Lamb's mission. The Greek word "apostellō" means "sent out," indicating a purposeful and authoritative sending. It reflects the global reach of the Gospel and the active presence of the Holy Spirit in fulfilling God's redemptive plan across the earth.

And He came
This phrase signifies the deliberate and purposeful action of Christ, often referred to as the Lamb in Revelation. The Greek word for "came" is "ἦλθεν" (ēlthen), which implies a movement towards a specific goal. In the context of Revelation, this action is not just physical but deeply symbolic, representing Christ's readiness and authority to enact God's divine plan. Historically, this moment is pivotal, as it marks the transition of authority and the unfolding of eschatological events.

and took the scroll
The act of taking the scroll is significant, as it symbolizes the transfer of authority and the initiation of God's final plan for redemption and judgment. The Greek word for "took" is "ἔλαβεν" (elaben), indicating a reception or acceptance of responsibility. The scroll itself, often understood as a testament or will, is sealed and can only be opened by one worthy. This act demonstrates Christ's unique qualification and authority, as no one else in heaven or on earth was found worthy to open the scroll (Revelation 5:3-4).

from the right hand
The "right hand" is a position of power and authority, often associated with the execution of judgment and the bestowal of honor. In biblical symbolism, the right hand of God represents His sovereign power and authority. The Greek term "δεξιᾶς" (dexias) is used here, emphasizing the divine authority and legitimacy of the action. This imagery reinforces the idea that Christ is acting with the full authority of God the Father.

of the One seated on the throne
This phrase identifies the source of ultimate authority and sovereignty—God Himself. The "One seated on the throne" is a recurring image in Revelation, representing God's eternal rule and majesty. The Greek word "καθημένου" (kathēmenou) for "seated" suggests a position of rest and authority, indicating that God's rule is unchallenged and eternal. The throne is a central symbol in Revelation, signifying God's unassailable power and the center of divine governance.

When He had taken the scroll
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the heavenly vision. The "He" refers to the Lamb, Jesus Christ, who is worthy to take the scroll, symbolizing His authority and ability to execute God's plan for redemption and judgment. The Greek word for "scroll" (βιβλίον, biblion) indicates a written document, often used for legal or official purposes. This scroll represents the unfolding of God's divine will, sealed and now opened by the only one worthy, emphasizing Christ's unique role in salvation history.

the four living creatures
These beings are introduced earlier in Revelation (4:6-8) and are often understood as angelic beings or cherubim, reflecting the majesty and holiness of God. Their presence around the throne signifies the worship and adoration due to God alone. The number four often symbolizes universality in Scripture, suggesting that these creatures represent all of creation in its praise of God.

and the twenty-four elders
The identity of the twenty-four elders is a subject of much discussion. They are often seen as representing the redeemed people of God, possibly symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles, thus encompassing the entirety of God's covenant people. Their presence in the heavenly throne room underscores the unity and continuity of God's redemptive plan throughout history.

fell down before the Lamb
This act of prostration is a profound expression of worship and submission. In the ancient world, falling down before someone was a sign of deep respect and acknowledgment of authority. Here, it signifies the recognition of the Lamb's divine authority and worthiness to execute God's plan. The Lamb, a symbol of Christ's sacrificial death, is central to the worship in heaven.

Each one had a harp
The harp is a traditional instrument of worship in the Bible, often associated with joy and praise (Psalm 33:2). In this context, it symbolizes the worship and adoration offered to God. The use of harps by the elders and living creatures highlights the musical aspect of heavenly worship, reflecting the beauty and harmony of God's presence.

and they were holding golden bowls full of incense
Incense in the Bible is often associated with prayer and worship (Psalm 141:2). The golden bowls signify the preciousness and value of the prayers of the saints. Gold, a symbol of purity and worth, underscores the importance of these prayers in the heavenly realm. The imagery of incense rising before God conveys the idea that the prayers of believers are a pleasing aroma to Him.

which are the prayers of the saints
This phrase explicitly connects the incense with the prayers of God's people. The term "saints" refers to all believers, those set apart for God. This imagery assures believers that their prayers are heard and valued in heaven, playing a vital role in the unfolding of God's purposes. It is a powerful reminder of the intimate relationship between God and His people, where their petitions and intercessions are integral to His divine plan.

And they sang a new song
The phrase "new song" in the biblical context often signifies a fresh outpouring of praise and worship, reflecting a new act of God's deliverance or revelation. In the Greek, "new" (καινός, kainos) implies something unprecedented or unique. This new song is sung by the heavenly beings, indicating a momentous event in the divine narrative. Historically, new songs in the Bible, such as those in Psalms, are responses to God's mighty works. Here, it celebrates the redemptive work of Christ, marking a pivotal moment in salvation history.

Worthy are You to take the scroll and open its seals
"Worthy" (ἄξιος, axios) denotes deserving or having the right to something. In the context of Revelation, it emphasizes the unique qualification of Christ to execute God's plan. The "scroll" represents God's ultimate plan for redemption and judgment, sealed and awaiting the one who is worthy to open it. The act of opening the seals signifies the unfolding of divine mysteries and the execution of God's will. This phrase underscores Christ's authority and central role in God's redemptive history.

because You were slain
The term "slain" (ἐσφάγης, esphagēs) refers to a sacrificial death, echoing the imagery of the Passover lamb. This highlights the sacrificial nature of Christ's death, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies and typologies. Historically, the sacrificial system was central to Jewish worship, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ. His death is the pivotal event that enables the redemption of humanity, underscoring the gravity and purpose of His sacrifice.

and by Your blood You purchased for God
The phrase "by Your blood" emphasizes the cost of redemption, with "blood" (αἷμα, haima) symbolizing life given sacrificially. The concept of being "purchased" (ἠγόρασας, ēgorasas) reflects the marketplace term for buying or redeeming, indicating a transaction that secures freedom. This imagery is rooted in the practice of redeeming slaves, illustrating the liberation from sin and death. Theologically, it affirms the efficacy of Christ's atonement, securing believers for God.

those from every tribe and tongue and people and nation
This phrase highlights the universal scope of Christ's redemptive work. "Every tribe and tongue and people and nation" signifies the inclusivity of the gospel, transcending ethnic, linguistic, and cultural barriers. In the Greek, these terms collectively emphasize the diversity of the redeemed community. Historically, this reflects the early church's mission to spread the gospel to all nations, fulfilling the Great Commission. It underscores the unity and diversity of the body of Christ, a testament to the power of the gospel to unite humanity under God's kingdom.

You have made them
This phrase emphasizes the divine initiative and action. The Greek verb "ἐποίησας" (epoiesas) indicates a completed action, underscoring God's sovereign power in transforming believers. Historically, this reflects the biblical theme of God choosing and forming a people for Himself, as seen in the calling of Israel in the Old Testament.

to be a kingdom
The concept of a "kingdom" (Greek: βασιλεία, basileia) is central to biblical theology, representing God's rule and reign. In the New Testament, this kingdom is both a present reality and a future hope. Archaeologically, the idea of a kingdom would resonate with first-century believers familiar with the Roman Empire's power, contrasting earthly kingdoms with God's eternal reign.

and priests
The term "priests" (Greek: ἱερεῖς, hiereis) connects to the Old Testament priesthood, where priests served as mediators between God and people. In the New Testament context, all believers are called to this priestly role, offering spiritual sacrifices and interceding for others. This reflects the democratization of the priesthood, where every believer has direct access to God.

to serve our God
Service to God (Greek: λατρεύειν, latreuein) is a central theme in Scripture, denoting worship and devotion. Historically, this service was expressed through temple rituals, but in the New Testament, it encompasses all of life. The phrase underscores the purpose of believers' transformation: to live lives of worship and obedience to God.

and they will reign
The promise of reigning (Greek: βασιλεύσουσιν, basileusousin) speaks to the future hope of believers sharing in Christ's authority. This reign is both a present spiritual reality and a future physical one, as believers are called to exercise dominion in alignment with God's will. It echoes the Genesis mandate for humanity to rule over creation.

upon the earth
The phrase "upon the earth" (Greek: ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, epi tēs gēs) grounds the promise in the physical realm, affirming the Christian hope of a renewed creation. This counters any notion of escapism, emphasizing that God's redemptive plan includes the restoration of the earth. Historically, this would have been a powerful assurance to early Christians facing persecution, reminding them of God's ultimate victory and justice.

Then I looked
This phrase indicates a transition in John's vision, a common occurrence in apocalyptic literature where the seer is shown successive scenes. The Greek word for "looked" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just a physical act of seeing but a deeper, spiritual perception. John is being granted a divine revelation, a glimpse into the heavenly realm, which is a privilege and responsibility. This act of looking signifies readiness and attentiveness to God's unfolding plan.

and I heard
Hearing in biblical terms often signifies understanding and receiving divine truth. The Greek word "ἤκουσα" (ēkousa) suggests an active listening, an engagement with the message being conveyed. In the context of Revelation, hearing complements seeing, as both senses are used to fully grasp the magnitude of the heavenly vision. This dual sensory experience underscores the importance of the message and the need for the church to be attentive to God's word.

the voices of many angels
The presence of "many angels" highlights the grandeur and majesty of the heavenly scene. Angels, or "ἄγγελοι" (angeloi) in Greek, are messengers of God, often depicted as worshippers and servants in the divine court. Their voices contribute to the celestial symphony of praise, emphasizing the holiness and sovereignty of God. The multitude of angels signifies the vastness of God's creation and the universal acknowledgment of His authority.

and living creatures
The "living creatures" are symbolic beings that represent aspects of creation and are often associated with the cherubim and seraphim found in Ezekiel and Isaiah. In Greek, "ζῷα" (zōa) refers to these creatures, which are full of eyes and have distinct appearances, symbolizing God's omniscience and the diversity of His creation. Their presence in the vision underscores the theme of worship and the acknowledgment of God's glory by all creation.

and elders
The "elders" are typically understood to represent the redeemed people of God, possibly symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles, thus encompassing the Old and New Covenants. The Greek term "πρεσβύτεροι" (presbyteroi) denotes leaders or representatives, emphasizing their role in worship and governance in the heavenly realm. Their inclusion in the vision highlights the continuity of God's redemptive plan throughout history.

numbering myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands
This phrase conveys an innumerable multitude, emphasizing the overwhelming and infinite nature of the heavenly host. The Greek "μυριάδες μυριάδων" (myriades myriadon) and "χιλιάδες χιλιάδων" (chiliades chiliadon) are expressions used to denote an uncountable number, reflecting the vastness of God's creation and the boundless praise He receives. This imagery serves to inspire awe and reverence, reminding believers of the majesty and supremacy of God, who is worthy of all worship and adoration.

In a loud voice
The phrase "In a loud voice" signifies the intensity and unanimity of the proclamation. The Greek word for "loud" is "megas," which implies not just volume but also greatness and importance. This is a declaration that demands attention, echoing through the heavens. The use of a loud voice underscores the significance of the message being proclaimed, emphasizing the universal acknowledgment of the Lamb's worthiness.

they said
The term "they said" refers to the multitude of angels and heavenly beings surrounding the throne. This collective voice represents the unity and agreement among the heavenly hosts. In the context of Revelation, this is a moment of celestial worship, where all of creation joins in acknowledging the Lamb. The Greek word "legō" implies a deliberate and thoughtful declaration, indicating that this is not a mere chant but a profound acknowledgment of truth.

Worthy is the Lamb
"Worthy" translates from the Greek "axios," meaning deserving or meritorious. The Lamb, a central figure in Christian theology, represents Jesus Christ. The imagery of the Lamb is deeply rooted in the sacrificial system of the Old Testament, where a lamb without blemish was offered for atonement. Here, the Lamb's worthiness is not just in His sacrifice but in His victory over sin and death, fulfilling the prophecies and promises of God.

who was slain
The phrase "who was slain" refers to the crucifixion of Jesus. The Greek word "sphazō" means to slaughter or sacrifice, emphasizing the violent and sacrificial nature of His death. This act is central to Christian faith, as it signifies the atonement for humanity's sins. Historically, this aligns with the Passover lamb, whose blood spared the Israelites, symbolizing Jesus' role as the ultimate sacrificial Lamb.

to receive power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and blessing
This list of attributes—power, riches, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and blessing—represents the fullness of divine authority and majesty. Each term reflects a different aspect of the Lamb's sovereignty and the completeness of His reign.

Power
The Greek "dynamis" indicates not just physical strength but the ability to effect change, highlighting the Lamb's omnipotence.

Riches
"Ploutos" in Greek, signifies abundance and wealth, not just materially but spiritually, indicating the inexhaustible resources of the Lamb.

Wisdom
"Sophia" refers to divine insight and understanding, underscoring the Lamb's perfect knowledge and judgment.

Strength
"Ischys" implies might and endurance, reflecting the Lamb's ability to sustain and uphold all things.

Honor
"Timē" denotes respect and reverence, acknowledging the Lamb's esteemed position in the heavenly hierarchy.

Glory
"Doxa" is the manifestation of divine presence and majesty, a visible expression of the Lamb's divine nature.

Blessing
"Eulogia" means praise and adoration, a fitting response to the Lamb's redemptive work and eternal reign.

And I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea, and all that is in them, saying
And I heard
The phrase "And I heard" signifies the Apostle John's role as a witness to the divine revelation. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἤκουσα" (ēkousa), which implies not just the act of hearing but understanding and perceiving the significance of what is heard. This emphasizes the importance of the message being conveyed, as it is not merely a sound but a profound truth that John is entrusted to communicate.

every creature
The term "every creature" encompasses all of creation, indicating the universality of the worship and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty. The Greek word "πᾶν κτίσμα" (pan ktisma) suggests the entirety of creation, both animate and inanimate. This reflects the biblical theme that all creation is designed to glorify God, as seen in passages like Psalm 148, where all elements of creation are called to praise the Lord.

in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea
This phrase describes the comprehensive scope of creation. "In heaven" refers to the celestial beings and the spiritual realm. "On earth" includes all living creatures and humanity. "Under the earth" is often interpreted as the realm of the dead or the subterranean world, possibly including demonic forces. "In the sea" encompasses marine life and the mysterious depths of the oceans. This all-encompassing description highlights the totality of creation's acknowledgment of God's authority and glory.

and all that is in them
This phrase reinforces the inclusivity of the previous statement, ensuring that nothing is left out of this universal chorus of praise. It emphasizes that every part of creation, down to the smallest detail, is involved in this act of worship. The Greek "πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς" (panta ta en autois) underscores the completeness of this acknowledgment.

saying
The use of "saying" introduces the content of the praise that follows. It indicates that the act of worship is not just a passive acknowledgment but an active declaration. The Greek "λέγοντα" (legonta) implies a continuous and deliberate proclamation, suggesting that this is an ongoing and eternal act of worship. This sets the stage for the profound declaration of praise that follows in the subsequent verses, highlighting the central theme of Revelation: the ultimate victory and sovereignty of God and the Lamb.

And the four living creatures said, 'Amen,' and the elders fell down and worshiped
And the four living creatures
The "four living creatures" are introduced earlier in Revelation 4:6-8. These beings are often understood to represent the fullness of creation, with each creature symbolizing different aspects of God's creation: the lion (wild animals), the ox (domesticated animals), the face of a man (humanity), and the eagle (birds). In the Greek, the term "ζῷα" (zoa) is used, which is often translated as "living creatures" or "beasts." These creatures are constantly in the presence of God, signifying the worship and adoration that all creation owes to the Creator.

said, 'Amen,'
The word "Amen" is a transliteration from Hebrew, meaning "truly" or "so be it." It is a declaration of affirmation and agreement. In the context of worship, it signifies the creatures' acknowledgment of the truth and righteousness of God's judgments and actions. The use of "Amen" here emphasizes the unity and harmony in heaven, as all beings agree with and affirm the worthiness of God and the Lamb.

and the elders
The "elders" refer to the twenty-four elders mentioned in Revelation 4:4. These elders are often interpreted as representing the redeemed people of God, possibly symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles, thus encompassing the entirety of God's covenant people. Their presence in the heavenly throne room signifies the honor and authority given to those who have been faithful to God.

fell down
The act of falling down is a common biblical expression of worship and reverence. In the ancient Near Eastern context, prostration was a physical demonstration of submission and humility before a superior. The elders' action of falling down indicates their deep reverence and acknowledgment of God's supreme authority and holiness.

and worshiped
The Greek word for "worshiped" is "προσκυνέω" (proskuneo), which literally means to "kiss the hand towards" or to "prostrate oneself." This term conveys a deep sense of adoration, reverence, and submission. Worship in the biblical sense is not merely an act of singing or praying but involves the whole being—mind, body, and spirit—acknowledging God's worthiness and sovereignty. The elders' worship is a model for believers, demonstrating that true worship involves humility, reverence, and a recognition of God's ultimate authority and glory.