programmable logic controller(PLC)

To ensure system stability and availability during disturbances, industrial facilities equipped with on-site generation, generally utilize some type of load shedding scheme. In recent years, conventional underfrequency and PLC-based load shedding schemes have been integrated with computerized power management systems to provide an "automated" load shedding system. However, these automated solutions lack system operating knowledge and are still best-guess methods which typically result in excessive or insufficient load shedding. An intelligent load shedding system can provide faster and optimal load relief by utilizing actual operating conditions and knowledge of past system disturbances. This paper presents the need for an intelligent, automated load shedding system. Simulation of case studies for two industrial electrical networks are performed to demonstrate the advantages of an intelligent load shedding system over conventional load shedding methods from the design and operation perspectives.

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Aim of this study is to resolve the automation and control issues in Indian industry with low cost control and effective data analysis for industrial automation. The objective
of study is to take the overview of industrial automation need for present Industries requirement with advance communication facility, record generation for report analysis as well as visualization of information & utilization of advance VFD function to reduce the use of mechanical system and optimize the energy for manufacturing & increase the operation flexibility. In this investigation a new concept is implemented wherein, user can monitor the data and control the data remotely using web access in mobile or else from location where user is located. Also data can be analyzed as per date and time of log in excel format otherwise through email directly.

    In this study, the concept of PLC (programmable logic controller), HMI (human machine interface), energy measurement device, VFD (variable frequency drive), induction motor, data logging are studied. the interface of PLC, HMI, VFD & measurement device was done into various protocols like rs-232, rs-485, etc. Here, VFD is used for controlling the speed of induction motor using analogue output of PLC. The PLC is used for ladder logic development. HMI is used to monitor a variety of parameters of energy measurement device, like speed, direction & operations of induction motor. Analysis is conducted by data logging of parameters like voltage, current, power, along with HMI display. The input – output status is also shown in  display for diagnosis purpose. The report is generated in excel format which is stored in pc drive or USB. This report is useful for future analysis which increases the productivity of the system. In this study of advance technology the researchers have done analysis and monitoring of the data using web as well as in mobile application

Dizaj FB serije FATEK PLC podrazumeva "sistem na čipu" (SoC) razvijen u matičnoj kući FATEK Corporation. BGA čip se sastoji od preko 120.000 logičkih kola, objedinjući moćne karakteristike kao što su Central Processing Unit (CPU), memorija, računarsku hardversku logiku (HLS), 5 ultra brzih komunikacijskih portova, 4 kompleta brzih hardverskih brojača/tajmera, četvoroosne brze impulsne izlaze za NC pozicioniranje (sa linearnom interpolacijom), 16 vrlo brzih prekidača. FB-PLC odlikuje visoka funkcionalnost i pouzdanost sa izuzetnom vrednošću u odnosu na druge PLC-ove u svojoj klasi. U ovom provešću vas kroz upotrebu: 1. Tajmera 2. Diferencijalnog prekidača 3. Sabiranja vrednosti kroz upotrebu registra 4. Upotrebu uporedjenja vrednosti u registrima 5. Resetovanje unetih vrednosti u registar Ali pre toga da bi vam bio malo jasniji rad PLC-a i ovih lestvičastih modela prikaza automatike, daću manje objašnjenje. Svaki program pa i ovaj se izvršava odozgo na niže linija po linija, sa leva na desno. Pa se može prestaviti i kao model u jednoj jedinoj liniji, gde postoje vremenski redni uslovi rada automatike, koja u stvarnosti tako i radi, osim kada poziva manje posebne progrmaske celine , koje se nazivaju podprogramske rutine. Podprogramske rutine su manje celine glavnog programa i izvršavaju se pozivima iz glavnog programa. Njihovo izvršavanje je na istom principu kao glavnog programa, odozgo na niže , sa leva na desno. Naravno opet uz ispunjavanje postavljenih uslova kao i u glavnom programu. Ono što je najbinije je to da se shvati je to da na primer svaki element može imati svoje špulne-releja kao i radne i mirne kontakte, što srećemo i u starijim automatikama. Upotreba tajmera Tajmeri ili merači vremena su kao i stvarni delovi u starijim automatikama sa istom namenom da okončaju potrebno vreme za izvršenje neke operacije i potom nastave neku drugu. Ako pogledamo sliku ispod sa primenom tajmera možemo zaključiti: Kada je X0 kao na slici u aktivnom stanju dolazi do pokretanja motora na izlazu Y0, koje traje onoliko koliko to odredimo unetom vrednošću za tajmer. Na kraju tajmera postoji indikacija da je on odbrojao zadato vreme. I taj prekid rada motora Y0 je kratak, ali se može na sličan način produžiti ili dodavanjem jođ jednog tajmera ili nekim novim uslovom koji nam je potreban u radu same automatike. Praktično X0 je otvoreni kontakt nekog releja, a T50 je zatvoreni kontakt. Diferencijalni prekidač

so I took the PLC class for 45 days, and here are my notes during class. from entering the soft skill class, practice class until the exam.

table of contents for PLC Program using CX-PROGRAMMER:
1. Motor Standby
2. Lampu berurutan-mati seluruhnya-kembali
3. Lampu berurutan-mati satu persatu-delay-kembali
4. Lampu berurutan-mati satu persatu-TANPA delay-kembali
4a. Lampu berurutan-mati satu persatu-TANPA delay-kembali
5. 2 Lampu lalu lintas
6. 3 Lampu lalu lintas
7. Foward Reverse
8. Pintu Gerbang Garasi Semi Otomatis dengan 2 Limit Switch
9. Mobil Berjalan Maju Mundur 2 Limit Switch dan 2 Timer berhenti 3 Detik
9a. Mobil Berjalan Maju Mundur 2 Limit Switch dan 2 Timer berhenti 3 Detik
10. Foward Reverse ditambahkan emergency yang diaktifkan saat motor menyala
10. Foward Reverse ditambahkan emergency yang diaktifkan saat motor menyala TANPA IR
11. Gerbang Garasi menggunakan Sensor tanpa Pushbutton
12. 3 konveyor berjalan 3 sensor tanpa mati


6 AGUSTUS 2019
CODE 06AUG19
1. Lampu menyala MANUAL berurutan-mati urut dari akhir ke awal
2. Lampu menyala OTOMATIS berurutan-mati urut dari akhir ke awal
3. Kuis Tepat Cepat
4. JOG 1 kontaktor**** (idk)
5. STAR DELTA 1 tombol

Report on a project to integrate a KUKA KR16 robot to a PLC (SPS) and have it play the Tic-Tac-Toe game. This objective has three important and measurable sub-tasks:
1. Programming Siemens PLCs (CPU315-2DP) – Tic-Tac-Toe game programming.
2. Configuring PLC PROFIBUS network and Distributed Field Devices.
3. Programming the KUKA robot to perform game tasks based on PROFIBUS input from the Siemens PLC.
The tasks were successfully performed and a functional system was made available to University of Siegen in Germany.

This  paper presents an automation of packaging
and material handling using a programmable logic controller. The idea is to automate the process of placing the materials inside a box, detecting good and bad items in terms of weight, and sealing using a packaging tape. The purpose of the study is to replace the manual system being used in the industry, compare the time, and manpower requirement for both the existing system with the proposed automated system. The Mitsubishi FX series programmable logic controller is used to mechanize the system. Sensors such as proximity and load sensor are used to provide the input to the system. The motors, pneumatics, and  also the  solenoids serve as the output. The researchers used a ladder diagram as a software that will control  then  the  whole system between its input and output components. An experimental prototype is produced to fully automate the system.  The experimentation is done through different trials and the rate of travel time is measured thru averaging. It is found out that the  system decreases time and manpower requirements for every station as compared with
traditional manual system. A reduction of 50% to 75% was
observed in terms of time allotment for filling, weighing, and
sealing stations. About 90% of full automation without human is specified  also  in the system. The paper ends with  the recommendation of integrating the experimental prototype with  the  human machine interface or HMI and feedback mechanisms for the rejected items using artificial intelligence techniques and methods.

Automatic process control aiming at making industrial systems more autonomous, could have a tremendous impact on quality management which has become the prior concern of most companies. This project addressed the problem of palm oil mill quality management through automatic control of the boiler equipment. The study was carried out for the Mondoni oil mill of the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC). The water tube boiler which is fueled with biomass (bers and shells) from the milling process, could be regarded as the central equipment of the oil mill; improving on its reliability through automatic control of its main functional parameters considerably improves on the overall palm oil mill quality management as clearly depicted in this project report. A PLC based control system has been designed to monitor the steam pressure and steam drum water level which are the main boiler functional parameters. Moreover, how reliability centered maintenance and total quality management based on the designed control system could be worked out, are also explored. Considering the onerous and hazardous nature of the boiler equipment, the project risk management has been envisaged as well. The project impact analysis exhibits outstanding benets with respect to environmental, social and economic concerns. The cost eectiveness of the project has been assessed through a rough protability analysis which revealed positive results: Considering a period of 5 years with a discount rate of 8%, an initial investment of about 12 000 000 FCFA, yields a Net Present Value (NPV) of approximately 5 000 000 FCFA.
Key Words: Palm oil Mill, Boimass energy, Boiler system, Programmable Logic Controller, Quality Management.

Belt conveyors are durable and reliable components used in the industries for transporting material. Conveyors producing single type of component at a time generally monitor and control a single type of object. However, if there are more objects, then another system needs to be developed. This paper presents the design, fabrication and validation of a prototype of an automatic monitoring and control system designed for probing various types of objects on a belt conveyor. This system uses Allen Bradley MicroLogix PLC for controlling and feedback sensors for monitoring the objects. The production capacity of the system can be set in the program which can be easily altered satisfying the seasonal demand. The system stops automatically after reaching the desired production. In order to validate the designed system, experiments are performed using Taguchi’s methodology wherein parameters like position, orientation, filling time, material type and types of objects i.e. trays and bottles are studied elaborately.

Seiring berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, memberi pengaruh yang besar di dalam dunia industri yang sudah besar maupun industri rumah tangga. Banyak industri yang sudah beralih dari cara alat konvensional menjadi mesin-mesin yang sudah otomatis. Salah satu industri yang sangat membantu dan dapat dikembangkan adalah industri rumah tangga pengisi dan penutup botol otomatis. Dimana untuk pengendalian pada prosesnya menggunakan PLC (Programmable Logic Control).
Dalam makalah ini akan dibahas menganai mesin pengisi dan penutup botol serta pengepakan, yang diaplikasikan dalam industri rumah tangga untuk skala kecil. Hal ini bertujuan untuk membantu industri kecil lebih berkembang. Pada sistem pengisian dan penutupan botol semua dikendalikan dengan basis PLC (Programmable Logic Control) sebagai pengatur sistem kerja otomatis alat.
Untuk pemrograman PLC menggunakan CX-Programmer di dalamnya dapat dilihat pemrograman menggunakan ladder diagram, mnemonic diagram, dan dapat dilihat simulasinya baik secara online maupun offline. Sehingga mempermudah dalam perancangan alat sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Pada pengisi dan penutup botol ini terdapat tiga tahap proses yang penting yaitu pengisian air, penutupan botol, dan pemberian label.
Kata Kunci : PLC, Otomatis, Pengisi dan Penutup Botol

The need to produce readily accessible, pollution free natural energy such as solar energy has been drawing increasing attention globally. This is due to energy demand, global environmental protection, fast growing population and diminishing resources of grid supply. Effective utilisation of solar energy requires tracking of the sun. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid hardware/software embedded PIC16F877A microcontroller-based dynamic dual axis tracking system. It utilises the solar panel itself as a sensor to determine which part of the sky delivers the most power to the load using stepper motors for alignment. Employing control software, the system automatically controls the PV panel to receive maximum solar energy all day. The PIC16F877A microcontroller, two M42SP-7 stepper motors, two ULN2003 stepper motor drivers, two gear drives and a 10 Watt 12 V monocrystalline solar panel were employed in the hardware design. Programming of the hardware was conducted using mikroBasic software. Cost analysis of the design yielded GH ¢ 522.69 (US $ 124.45). The resulting sun tracking system is therefore cost effective and will go a long way to help rural electrification as well as reduce the burden on grid supply.

Dalam dunia industri, tidak terlepas dari adanya berbagai tuntutan, yaitu: pertama, menhasilkan produk dalam waktu yang singkat dengan biaya yang rendah dan berkualitas. Kedua, kemampuan mengubah variasi produk. Dan ketiga, sumber daya manusia. Sehingga memaksa para produsen untuk dapat tetap bertahan dan berkembang pada jalurnya, dan melakukan itu semua banyak metode perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan. Salah satu masalah utama dalam kegiatan penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan teknologi otomasi (PLC) sehingga menghasilkan mesin yang memiliki tingkat perfomansi berbeda dengan mesin sebelumnya. Namun, sebelum melakukan itu semua, perlu difahami terlebih dahulu karakteristik operasional mesin baik itu mesin bubut itu sendiri maupun PLC-nya, sehingga dalam proses perancangan, pembuatan dan pengoperasiannya akan lebih mudah dan mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) dirancang untuk menggantikan suatu rangkaian relay sequensial dalam suatu sistem kontrol. Selain dapat diprogram, alat ini juga dapat dikendalikan, dan dioperasikan oleh pengguna yang tidak memiliki pengetahuan di bidang pengoperasian komputer secara khusus. Sebuah PLC dapat melakukan fitur-fitur berikut ini: • Programmable, menunjukkan kemampuan dalam hal memori untuk menyimpan program yang telah dibuat yang dengan mudah diubah-ubah fungsi atau kegunaannya. • Logic, menunjukkan kemampuan dalam memproses input secara aritmatik dan logic (ALU), yakni melakukan operasi membandingkan, menjumlahkan, mengalikan, membagi, mengurangi, negasi, AND, OR, dan lain sebagainya. • Controller, menunjukkan kemampuan dalam mengontrol dan mengatur proses sehingga menghasilkan output yang diinginkan. Cara kerja sebuah PLC adalah menerima sinyal masukan proses yang dikendalikan lalu melakukan serangkaian instruksi logika terhadap sinyal masukan tersebut sesuai dengan program yang tersimpan dalam memori lalu menghasilkan sinyal keluaran untuk mengendalikan aktuator atau peralatan lainnya. Cara memilih PLC Menentukan pilihan PLC yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan aplikasinya kian semakin sulit dengan meledaknya produk baru untuk penggunaan umum maupun untuk penggunaan khusus. Untuk membantu pengguna dalam memilih PLC yang tepat, berikut adalah dokumen panduan pemilihan PLC:

To ensure system stability and availability during disturbances, industrial facilities equipped with on-site generation, generally utilize some type of load shedding scheme. In recent years, conventional underfrequency and PLC-based load shedding schemes have been integrated with computerized power management systems to provide an "automated" load shedding system.

Sistem proteksi listrik adalah sistem pengamanan yang diterapkan pada peralatan listrik untuk melindungi peralatan atau manusia dari bahaya listrik. Alat  proteksi kelistrikan pada industri terbagi ke dalam tiga golongan, yaitu proteksi untuk instalasi, proteksi kepada manusia, dan proteksi untuk motor listrik.Alat proteksi untuk instalasi meliputi MCB, MCCB, ACB, VCB, OCB, SF6CB, HSCB dan Surge Arrester. Sedangkan alat proteksi kepada manusia meliputi RCCB dan RCBO. Dan alat proteksi motor listrik meliputi Thermal Overload Relay, Phase Failure Relay dan Control Current Relay.Semua alat proteksi kelistrikan bekerja dengan konsep pemutusan, yaitu memutuskan peralatan listrik dari sumber listrik agar peralatan yang diproteksinya itu tetap aman dan berfungsi sehingga terhindar dari kerugian baik material maupun korban jiwa.

Belt conveyors are durable and reliable components used in the industries for transporting material. Conveyors producing single type of component at a time generally monitor and control a single type of object. However, if there are more objects, then another system needs to be developed. This paper presents the design, fabrication and validation of a prototype of an automatic monitoring and control system designed for probing various types of objects on a belt conveyor. This system uses Allen Bradley MicroLogix PLC for controlling and feedback sensors for monitoring the objects. The production capacity of the system can be set in the program which can be easily altered satisfying the seasonal demand. The system stops automatically after reaching the desired production. In order to validate the designed system, experiments are performed using Taguchi's methodology wherein parameters like position, orientation, filling time, material type and types of objects i.e. trays and bottl...

Nowadays Automation plays a vital role in industrial applications. This proposal deals with PLCs (Programmable Logic Controller) for automation in material handling. This system is mainly used for storing and retrieving the unprocessed materials in a manufacturing unit. We use proximity sensors to detect the nearby objects. The main objective of this paper is to built an automation system coordinated by using PLC integration.

Industrial Mechatronic System (IMS) is a system designed by Lucas Nulle, which focuses on the simulation of industrial production activities. The system consists of five stations and a robot arm with a different function. However, some of the stations and the robot arm can not be operated properly and this tool can not move a per-station for using the factory default program. Thus this study aims to operate back Industrial Mechatronic System and robot arm as a whole and make jobsheet easily understood and implemented by students.

Based on the literature review, interviews and simulation methods using hardware, it can be seen working principles of Industrial Mechatronic System so that we can develop a program of the tool. In order to run per station, it takes an
additional PLC. Additional external PLC or as a backup to avoid missing / deletion of programs that exist in the main PLC.

The results showed that the Industrial Mechatronic System (IMS) can be used to simulate the production system on a PLC based industries that can be operated automatically and partial.

PLC yaitu kendali logika terprogram yang dirancang untuk beroperasi secara digital menggunakan memori sebagai media penyimpanan instruksi-instruksi. PCL CPM1 dapat diprogram menggunakan console. Pergerakan dari alat PLC sesuai dengan program yang dituliskan atau diinstruksikan sebelumnya.

The design engineers need to use high level formalisms to facilitate the development, maintenance, and documentation of the industrial control systems. These formalisms must permit the modeling, formal validation, and code generation to PLC. This paper discusses statechart for modeling of industrial systems, and presents a case study that simulates the general schema of the industrial automation process, based in PLC. The case study was implemented with Java technologies, and was simulated using the execution environment developed by the Jakarta Project Commons SCXML.

Belt conveyors are durable and reliable components used in the industries for transporting material. Conveyors producing single type of component at a time generally monitor and control a single type of object. However, if there are more objects, then another system needs to be developed. This paper presents the design, fabrication and validation of a prototype of an automatic monitoring and control system designed for probing various types of objects on a belt conveyor. This system uses Allen Bradley MicroLogix PLC for controlling and feedback sensors for monitoring the objects. The production capacity of the system can be set in the program which can be easily altered satisfying the seasonal demand. The system stops automatically after reaching the desired production. In order to validate the designed system, experiments are performed using Taguchi's methodology wherein parameters like position, orientation, filling time, material type and types of objects i.e. trays and bottles are studied elaborately.

Belt conveyors are durable and reliable components used in the industries for transporting material. Conveyors producing single type of component at a time generally monitor and control a single type of object. However, if there are more objects, then another system needs to be developed. This paper presents the design, fabrication and validation of a prototype of an automatic monitoring and control system designed for probing various types of objects on a belt conveyor. This system uses Allen Bradley MicroLogix PLC for controlling and feedback sensors for monitoring the objects. The production capacity of the system can be set in the program which can be easily altered satisfying the seasonal demand. The system stops automatically after reaching the desired production. In order to validate the designed system, experiments are performed using Taguchi’s methodology wherein parameters like position, orientation, filling time, material type and types of objects i.e. trays and bottles a...

Prinsloo, G.J., Dobson, R.T. 2015. Combined solar heat and power with microgrid storage and layered smartgrid control towards supplying off-grid rural villages. Energy Science & Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 2. p 135–144. DOI: 10.1002/ese3.57.
This project has been initiated in South Africa to design, model, build, and evaluate an easy to install solar fueled combined heat and power (micro-CHP) system to supply off-grid rural villages and eco-estate communities. This study describes the design of a model that offers a combined 3 kW peak electrical, 12 kW peak thermal, stand-alone solar power technology solution with microgrid storage to deliver power, and heat when the sun is shining and after sunset (at night time). The CHP demand side management system manages power and heat distribution to individual households in a small rural village based on a proposed smart microgrid technology solution. The solution aims to balance the heat/power demand side requirements based on digital feedback on heat/power utilization patterns and user demand. Aspects of the micro-CHP system microgrid control are discussed while a modular smartgrid solution is selected for smart microgrid applications.

"The article is describing several communication buses used at the level of the factory floor.
The aim of this publication is to provide a brief description of how data flow can be realized
in modern manufacturing facilities and how to integrate multiple data sources (sensors,
actuators, controllers) into one heterogonous system. In order to illustrate the problem a
model of multi tank water control system has been developed. "

The Supervisory Control Theory (SCT) is already widespread in the academic environment, using the automata theory as a base to model the control systems. However, such a theory is not common in the industrial environment. Therefore the resolution of supervisory control problems has been done without the usage of a formal procedure.

This paper presents an interactive, less expensive and more portable Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) training platform for the industrial control of processes. The proposed system employs Delta DVP14SS2 PLC, WPLSoft software, a programming device, switches as inputs and pilot lamps as outputs. The training system gives one the flexibility to wire and program any type of inputs and outputs of one's choice and can be easily carried in one's laptop bag giving one the freedom to learn the PLC anywhere at one's own comfort. The paper is also meant to enlighten beginners and experienced PLC users to build themselves PLC trainers which can enhance their understanding of the theoretical knowledge gained from school. Traffic light automation application is set up to train the Electrical and Electronic Engineering students to measure the applicability of the system. Pre-test and post test are conducted for participating students as a way of measuring the understanding level of the student before and after training. Cost analysis indicates that the individual can build the trainer on one's own at a cost of $ 214.