Urban Periphery

In un’epoca di rapida crescita demografica, di cambiamenti climatici e, soprattutto, di disuguaglianze sociali e di migrazioni, diventa sempre più necessaria una riflessione profonda sulle possibili strategie da adottare per assorbire questi flussi all’interno delle nostre città, innestando nuove modalità flessibili di co-abitazione e rigenerazione. Il principio attraverso il quale iniziare ad operare nel territorio dovrebbe puntare alla costruzione di una rete di relazioni ed alla promozione di un processo aperto e simbiotico, che supporti la definizione di una comunità anche di fronte a problemi molto seri come quelli della crisi abitativa e della lotta per i diritti civili. Gli ex-stabilimenti industriali, così come altri luoghi urbani lasciati al degrado, che costituiscono le cosiddette brown areas, possono a questo punto diventare strumento attivo per innescare sinergie tra la comunità locale e migrante e questi spazi che, diversamente, resterebbero in stato di abbandono, quando non soggetti ad abbattimento o speculazione edilizia. Viene quindi spiegata la storia dell'occupazione del'ex-stabilimento Fiorucci in via Prenestina a Roma, che ha portato alla nascita del MAAM - Museo dell'Altro e dell'Altrove di Metropoliz, la città meticcia.

INDICE: Prólogo de Diego Barboza. Introd.: Investigar e intervenir: formas de la participación. I Casavalle: una zona, un barrio, un lugar. Periferia urbana y fragmentación de la subjetividad. II Territorialidades de barrio jardín, complejos habitacionales y asentamientos. Tres lugares y muchas situaciones: 1 La llegada: los sujetos y sus circunstancias, 2. Una lógica de fragmentación, 3. La contaminación: una mancha voraz, 4. La expansión de la ocupación en los bordes de lo urbano, 5. El hacinamiento y la compartimentación, 6. Entre la homogeneización previa de los complejos y la fluidez del asentamiento, 7. La particularización de la autoconstrucción. III Identidades de un Casavalle múltiple. El poder de ser más allá de los estigmas: 8. Hacia las ciudades, 9. Por los caminos de la región, 10. Sosteniendo otros hogares, 11. En los cuarteles y comisarías, en Haití o el Congo, 12. Recolectando y clasificando basura, 13. Haciendo feria o por donde sea, 14. Usando las manos: de la madera al hardware, 15. La presencia afro-descendiente y su transversalidad, 16. Estigmatizaciones, 17. Pasta base: donde el círculo se cierra. IV Tras las huellas de los procesos. Construyendo en la intemperie: 18. 1908 Quintas y barrios jardín, 19. 1958 Las Sendas, 20. 1972 Los Palomares, 21. 1990 Los años neoliberales y la proliferación de asentamientos, 22. La última crisis y las nuevas políticas sociales. Conclusiones: 23. Un collage en la ciudad, 24. Por una política instituyente. Glosario de términos. Siglas institucionales. Bibliografía.

This study concerns the urban periphery of Rome in the period 200 to 500 AD. Our thesis is that the periphery in this period obtained a new meaning and gradually began to surpass the centre in importance, and that this displacement of activity-nodes and movement created decisive prerequisites for the polycentric structure which was to dominate the urban development of Rome up to the nineteenth century. The main focus of thisinvestigation will be on areas and situations contextually related to the Via Tiburtina, mainly from the Clivus Suburanus inside the Porta Esquilina to and somewhat beyond the Aurelian Wall. The defined period begins with the Severan dynasty’s monumentalization of the area between Porta Esquilina and Porta Maggiore around 200. The following three centuries present a flourishing periphery all around Rome. However, after 500 this flourishing is concentrated in only two areas: the Lateran and Vatican, probably due to the huge loss in city population at that time. This marks the end of the period under investigation in this article. The years 200–500 comprise major shifts in the power structure of the Roman Empire and the rise of new driving forces which transform Rome’s spatial configuration and the physical and mental limits between centre and periphery.

El presente trabajo de tesis titulado “El proceso de crecimiento urbano en la periferia Norte de Mazatlán: caso sector Libramiento”, plantea una caracterización de las fases de expansión y consolidación del crecimiento urbano acontecido en el sector Libramiento de la periferia Norte de Mazatlán; proceso que a su vez involucra la configuración de distintas tipologías de asentamientos regulares e irregulares, lo que implica una manifestación diversa en cuanto a condiciones sociales, arquitectónicas y urbanas.

This report-cum-appraisal of the life and works of (late) Prof. Ravi S. Singh (1971-2021), Professor of Geography at Banaras Hindu University, narrates the academic story and the research themes dealt with him (covering 8 books and anthologies, 108 research and appraisal papers, 25 book reviews, 6 INSA evaluation reports of Cultural and Historical geography, and some popular articles), which includes geographical thought, status of geographical teaching, intricacies and fallacies of geography in higher studies in India, and several innovative ideas that would be taken in future. Full list of his publications are also presented.

Livro com poemas de 100 autores, o livro é resultado do trabalho coletivo de vários protagonistas de saraus, slams, grupos e coletivos de artistas da palavra, que representam quase 3 milhões de vozes da capital baiana. Organizado por Valdeck Almeida de Jesus. Registra parte da produção literária de Salvador e traz denúncias contra o genocídio da juventude negra e periférica, racismo, homofobia, racismo religioso, machismo e todas as opressões. E também tem poemas de amor, sonhos e alegria. A publicação pretende dar visibilidade, proporcionar a compilação de poemas para fontes de pesquisas, além de valorizar o movimento de leitura e escrita, bem como fortalecer políticas de formação de leitores e facilitar o acesso à produção poética da periferia para os interessados. Além disso, o projeto é um instrumento de estímulo à criação poética para fortalecer o trabalho em grupo já realizado pelos diversos coletivos. A publicação deve facilitar a circulação da produção poética através dos saraus e slams e fomentar o mercado editorial local. A obra foi selecionada na Primeira Chamada do Calendário das Artes 2017, da Fundação Cultural do Estado da Bahia, Secretaria de Cultura do Estado da Bahia. Livre para baixar para leitura, divulgação, pesquisa, trabalhos escolares e literários. Proibido a comercialização sem a devida autorização dos autores e da editora.

Small-scale public spaces form an essential part of Barcelona’s urban development. During the beginning of the democratic era, Oriol Bohigas began the reconstruction of the city by creating small-scale public spaces of quality with the purpose of “higienizar el centro y monumentalizar la periferia”. They were applied in all the districts of Barcelona, with the intent of compensating for the loss of open spaces and segregation caused during the dictatorship. Thus, the city gained a series of small public spaces that recovered its urban fabric and provided a better quality of life and coexistence. The means of creating these small-scale public spaces is through the ‘esponjamiento’ of the urban fabric, that involved a selective destruction of specific deteriorated sites and the redevelopment of residual spaces. The study of the historic framework of these operations in Barcelona demonstrates that the creation of small public spaces through ‘esponjamiento’ is attributed to the GATCPAC’s sanitation plan for the old town, and the interventions of Adolf Florensa in the city. This method originated from the concerns of urban hygiene in the 19th century. European industrial cities were suffering from epidemics, overpopulation and insalubrity, and the first measures of urban hygiene were through the ‘eventrement’ of the city, opening it up with large straight axes that crossed though its urban fabric eliminating everything in their path. In Barcelona, the first initiative was by tearing down its walls and expanding into the Plain. Ildefons Cerdà drafted his expansion plan focusing a great deal on hygiene and ventilation and provided the blocks in his grid with small-scale interior courtyards. As for the old town, early measures were taken through the ‘eventrement’ of the old fabric initially proposed by Cerdà and later redeveloped by Àngel Baixeras. Thus, began the opening of the Via Laietana that resulted in the loss of large amounts of historic and monumental buildings. From that moment, the creation of small-scale public spaces through ‘esponjamiento’ was born as an alternative solution to large-scale demolitions and expropriations. And thanks to this procedure Barcelona gained a network of small-scale public spaces that still play an important role in our present day.

Située dans le département du Gard (France), dans la partie orientale du Languedoc, la ville de Nîmes constitue, depuis longtemps, un champ privilégié d'études pour les historiens et les archéologues. Depuis le début des années 1960, et plus particulièrement durant la dernière décennie, plusieurs fouilles préventives, parfois très vastes et le plus souvent inédites, y ont été réalisées et permettent désormais de mieux percevoir les principales étapes de son évolution entre la fin du VIe s. av. J.-C., date de création de l'agglomération, et l'Antiquité tardive.
Après une introduction générale consacrée aux principales caractéristiques géographiques du site ainsi qu'à une brève présentation de l'histoire de la recherche archéologique locale, un catalogue de sites permet d'établir les bases documentaires sur lesquelles se fonde l'étude. Toutes les fouilles récentes réalisées entre 1965 et mars 1996, et qui peuvent être positionnées avec précision sur le plan actuel de la ville, y sont traitées sous la forme de notices abondamment illustrées. Quelques observations plus anciennes sont également prises en compte dans cet inventaire, lorsqu'elles sont susceptibles de participer à la restitution des grandes lignes de la topographie. C’est ainsi un outil efficace et désormais irremplaçable qui est méthodiquement construit.
Les synthèses qui suivent sont partagées en deux parties. Dans la première, l'auteur s'attache d'abord à restituer le paysage naturel, dont certains éléments vont influer sur les formes de l'urbanisation. Suit une étude de l'évolution de la topographie urbaine, depuis le premier village de la fin du VIe s. av. J.-C. jusqu'à la ville de l'Antiquité tardive, en passant par celle du Haut-Empire, caractérisée notamment par sa vaste enceinte augustéenne. La seconde partie est consacrée à une analyse similaire mais portant cette fois sur les abords immédiats de l'agglomération, qui fluctuent au rythme du développement urbain. Les voies principales — dont la Domitienne — et le monde des morts font l'objet d'une présentation rapide. L'accent est surtout porté sur les aménagements agraires dont certains ont pesé sur la structuration des parties de la ville qui s'y sont superposées.
Une conclusion générale, enfin, traite des apports plus spécifiquement historiques qui ressortent de cette étude de topographie urbaine et périurbaine.

Le paysage de Senlis, ville de 17 000 habitants de l'Oise (Hauts-de-France) est composé depuis le Ier s. de notre ère, comme partout, d'un milieu urbain entouré d'un milieu rural. Entre les deux, il existe une marge, un espace de « frontière » au sens anglo-saxon du terme, c'est à dire une zone que l'on bâtit pendant les périodes prospères et que l'on déserte pendant les périodes plus difficiles. C'est cet espace particulier que nous présentons ici La ville de Senlis a été enserrée pendant de nombreuses années dans un corset de remparts destinés à la protéger. Ce sont d'abord les murailles enserrant le castrum (la Cité) à partir du III e s. puis les remparts médiévaux, plus vastes. L'édification de ces derniers commence au début du XIII e s. (Philippe Auguste n'y est probablement pour rien), et dès 1288 le faubourg Viétel ou Saint-Vincent (vicus vietelli) est englobé dans les fortifications. Ces ouvrages bloquèrent considérablement la croissance urbaine de Senlis jusqu'à leur destruction quasi complète au XIX e s. Cependant, le développement de l'économie et la pression démographique ont conduit les Senlisiens à adopter deux solutions pour étendre l'urbanisation. La première a été la création, plus ou moins spontanée, de faubourgs construits le long des principales routes d'accès, juste au-delà des cinq portes qui perçaient les remparts au XVIII e siècle (portes Bellon, de Meaux, de Paris, de Creil et Saint-Rieul). La proximité des remparts permettait un repli rapide en cas de crise grave. Certains de ces faubourgs ont même été élevés au statut de paroisse. La deuxième solution a été d'habiter des écarts, des hameaux, des fermes, des moulins, plus éloignés de la cité, mais proche des ressources agricoles, hydrauliques ou autres. Après la destruction des remparts médiévaux, décidée par une ordonnance royale de 1827, la ville de Senlis a pu s'étendre sans contrainte. C'est ainsi que sont nés des quartiers périphériques comme les quartiers Carnot-Foch et de la gare (XIX e siècle) et les « cités » planifiées, construites en fonction des besoins en logements d'une population nouvelle, attirée à Senlis après guerre et après la création d'un échangeur sur l'autoroute du Nord. Faubourgs, hameaux, quartiers ou cités, tous ont leur histoire et leur géographie propres et tous sont constitutifs de l'identité de Senlis, à l'égal de la ville ancienne.

This working paper examines the role of rural-urban linkages in the context of sustainable development and environmental protection, analyzing how harnessing linkages between urban and rural areas can potentially reduce spatial disparities. Emphasis is placed on examining the flows of people, goods, money and information between rural and urban areas, as well as upon the linkages that form between different economic sectors.

L'articolo indaga i costrutti simbolici che il cinema italiano contemporaneo crea tramite una raffigurazione del quotidiano collocato in contesti periferici. Nella prima parte, attraverso un'analisi sia narrativa che tecnica dei film, si rifletterà sulle differenti modalità utilizzate dal cinema nel rappresentare la vita quotidiana in periferia.  Nella seconda parte, tramite strumenti riconducibili alla ricerca sociologica, si analizzerà la tipologia di significati simbolici prodotti dal cinema sulle periferie e il loro impatto su chi le abita.

This article examines the symbolic constructions that the contemporary Italian cinema creates through a representation of everyday life placed in suburban contexts. In the first part of the article, drawing inspiration from the film studies methodology, a systematic analysis of the films, that releates the diversity of approach to everyday life, is made. In the second part, through tools attributable to sociological research, an attempt is made to problematize the symbolic constructs created by film works.

Amidst extensive peripheral urbanization in India, this paper focuses on the city of Gurgaon and describes how the forms and processes of sub/urbanism not only exceed the confines of the city but also of the urban. It argues that even though the questions of land and peasantry have changed, the agrarian question remains at the heart of contemporary urban transformation. It forges a conversation between urban and agrarian studies and outlines the contours of an urbanism it identifies as agrarian urbanism, an urbanism that can explain how changing relations of caste and land endure and produce an uneven geography of spatial value. Such an urbanism does not erase or assimilate the rural but shows how agrarian and urban dynamics sustain and produce each other. Agrarian urbanism, it suggests can help stretch the comparative register of urban studies that tends to be largely city-centric or even urban-centric. ARTICLE HISTORY

The industrial city and memories of ancient heritage: archeological discoveries at building sites along the urban stretch of the via Ostiense
Until the middle of the 19th century the area between the basilica of San Paolo and the gate in the city walls which also carries the name of Saint Paul appeared on maps as an agricultural area criss-crossed by pathways and country lanes and peppered with ancient ruins, farmhouses and country churches. After the proclamation of Rome as the capital city of the new Italian nation, a campaign of urban development began which definitively transformed this territory into what became Industrial Zone I of Rome, as declared by the General Regulatory Plan of Rome approved in 1883. In the following decades, the ambitious works for the creation of new infrastructures and industrial complexes were to profoundly alter the character of the area, almost completely destroying all trace of the ancient world. And yet this urban development, while causing an irreversible loss of precious remains of ancient structures, has at the same time given rise to fortuitous archeological discoveries, often very important ones. Through the study of archival documents recording the work carried out during this period along the via Ostiense, it is possible to reconstruct a rich archeological heritage which would otherwise be lost, and contribute to an improved picture of the ancient topography of the area.

L'avvio di un processo d'industrializzazione nel suburbio romano da un lato provocò una totale alterazione del paesaggio agricolo, dando l'avvio all'urbanizzazione, dall'altro costituì l'occasione per importanti rinvenimenti archeologici. Lo spoglio dei documenti d’archivio relativi ai lavori effettuati fra la fine dell'ottocento e i primi decenni del secolo successivo lungo il primo tratto della via Ostiense restituisce la memoria, altrimenti perduta, di un ricco patrimonio archeologico e contribuisce ad una migliore definizione della topografia antica dell’area.

The West Bengal government's plan to develop the Rajarhat new township on the periphery of Kolkata in the mid-1990s unwittingly produced an urban landscape that contradicts the master plan. The new town is fragmented into a formal network of roads and gated residential high-rise complexes on the one hand, and dense urban villages with traditional housing layouts on the other. Urban villages and gated communities represent a continuum of new urban living which is marked by a constant need to make sense of the changed reality through varied strategies of place-making. These are in response to the multiple ways in which inhabitants of these very distinct settlement types have been unsettled by urbanisation. The particular emphasis of this paper is on the lived life of inhabitants—examining routine activities that go into the material and social construction of place as well as how place influences social interactions, livelihoods and aspirations.

Mobility plays an important role in the population’s quality of life and is also an essential tool for spatial planning and development, thus this research intends to contribute to better informed and targeted spatial and
mobility management policies in metropolitan areas, with a special focus on peri-urban areas. To achieve this
aim, a methodological approach was developed to define different types of peri-urban areas according to their
mobility and accessibility characteristics. A set of indicators was proposed as the basis of a cluster analysis of
parishes in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). A new map of the LMA, which reflects a new understanding of
the metropolitan reality, was drawn up. The knowledge provided in this study, which consists of the clear
differentiation of peri-urban areas located in the metropolitan context in terms of mobility, is an important
contribution for policies development and for the management mechanisms of metropolitan mobility.

This work addresses the current discourse on peri-urbanization dynamics and its emergence in
the wide metropolitan area of Athens and the plain of Messoghia. In order to examine the driving forces of the main socio-spatial transformation processes that are taking place in metropolitan fringe areas
the study investigated if and how decentralization of economic activities is related to peri-urbanization of population in the specific case of Messoghia. First it explored the geographical and functional width of the work-residence linkages. Second it investigated the socio-occupational dimension of daily movements to work in order to reveal the evolving socio-spatial structure of the metropolitan peri-urban space. Finally, the research explored the influence of the recent development strategies of large-scale infrastructure on the current peri-urbanization patterns/processes that are based on accessibility, land-use change and economic restructuring and the conflicts and contradictions between the existing planning policies and practices in Messoghia.
The study points out the polarizing effects of the ongoing urbanization of the central metropolitan agglomeration that is expanding in terms of economic and residential development through a “decentralized” network of functional linkages between center, peri-urban towns and rural hinterland. Moreover, the emerging peri-urbanization patterns in Messoghia do not constitute a strong polycentric structure in terms of compactness or hierarchy of towns and cities because of the high levels of dispersed and uncontrolled urban development in rural peri-urban areas (ribbon development along the main communication axes, dispersed isolated structures).
The ongoing urbanization processes is mostly characterized by an unplanned and spontaneous mode of expansion, related to a great loss of farmland and natural landscape in rural/urban fringe. The main problems refer to weaknesses related with regulatory control of rural areas, coastal protection policies and environmental planning, absence of proper agri-urban policies, integration of the peri-urban interface. All these problems derive from piecemeal planning practices and mixed regulations as well as from informal development practices (illegal settlements) and raise concerns about the negative environmental impacts of low density development. The perspectives of the future relation between employment and population deconcentration is therefore discussed in the context of generalized crisis and unemployment, emphasizing on the necessity of more compact development patterns in order to preserve sustainability of future urban and rural development.

Cities’ growth has been studied in order to search understanding about socio-spatial phenomena that are inherent to this process. One of these phenomena is the peripheral growth that occurs in the interfaces of cities with natural or rural environments, where residential constructions, from both high and low so-cioeconomic classes, prevail. This way, the investigation approaches the formation of urban peripheries from urban morphology, understanding that physical space and society are directly associated. The study aims to identify relations between morphology and peripheral growth dynamics, seeking location patterns and forms of urban patches patterns related to periphery production in cities in Southern Brazil. Modeling techniques and geosimulation by cellular automata are used considering aspects of the city and the natural environment in an integrated manner. Exploratory experiments are designed with a mod-el of urban growth by cellular automata implemented in the CityCell software and applied to the empiri-cal case of a city in the extreme South of Brazil: Pelotas, RS. These experiments are dedicated to sim-ulating the formation of peripheries, following the hypothesis of association of location patterns and forms of the patches patterns of peripheral types in urban structure with concentration of urban facilities and built stocks, with characteristics from the natural environment and with characteristics of socioeco-nomic similarity of neighborhoods. Results show a high level of accuracy in the simulation of the formal structure of the stains that correspond to both peripheral types. Although studies do not allow locational predictions for future scenarios, they make it possible to speculate about arrangements of forms of the peripheries in the urban structure in Southern Brazil cities, which can contribute with decision making systems for urban planning. Furthermore, this research also allows enhancing the discussion towards theoretical understanding of the peripheral growth phenomenon and development of urban models with cellular automata.

[RESUMO]Este artigo objetiva analisar a formação periférica do bairro infraero II, dentro do contexto de expansão urbana da cidade de Macapá, considerando o papel do Poder Público nesse processo. O recorte temporal de investigação foi da exploratória, a partir de investigações documentais, como legislações e Planos bairro. Concluiu-se que a gestão da capital Macapá, ergueu e negligenciou por múltiplas vezes a oportunidade de aplicar estratégias do urbanismo que certamente fariam do cenário problemático atual em áreas periféricas da cidade mais ameno, considerando as tendências urbanísticas da época.
[ABSTRACT] This paper intends to analyze the peripheral establishment of the Infraero II district , inserted in the Macapá city urban expansion context. Taking into account an exploratory research that contains bibliographical and documentary research , for instance legislations and urban planning projects. Moreover, an interview-glected, for multiple times, the righteous opportunity to apply certain strategies of urbanism that would make the current scenario less problematic, considering the urbanistic trends of the period.

Street art in Urbe. Urban art in the suburbs of Rome. Rome in the past was the undisputed cradle of the arts, the imperative destination of the eighteenth-century grand tourists for its constant combination of old and new, humble and magnificent. Recently, Rome is playing once again that key role in the 21st century world. The scenario is mostly regarding the Roman suburbs, borderline not only geographically, but also culturally and socially, where external ugliness is often due to an original lack of aesthetic design or frequently subjects to carelessness and degradation. On this type of urban contest many street artists are involved with their works, directly in contact with the territory and its inhabitants. In this essay the focus is on the connection born from the involvement of artists and citizens, which leads to a legal, programmatic and connected artistic production. So, Art becomes a means of communication in places that are often voiceless and, at the same time, it always performs its function: trough the Beauty, Art re-qualifies and educates.

This essay researches the link between projects such as "Incompiuto Siciliano" by the international collective Alterazioni Video and the abstract concept of a common European memory, suggesting new ways of conceiving the heritage canon and reinventing urban peripheries.

Urban open public spaces have a special significance in terms of resilience in cities. They work as extra room to move (Walker et al. 2004) in any case of environmental variability, such as flood, earthquake, etc. Resilience is also related with diversity, which refers to the degree of capacity for a system to adopt to a wide range of different and sometimes unpredictable circumstances (ibid). In urban morphology studies, diversity is measured by the variety of land-use, block sizes, and density. This study focuses on resilience abilities of four peripheral "urban squares" in İstanbul, Turkey. These areas have retained their peripheral characteristics yet at the same time served as sub-centers for the surrounding regions. Is it possible to calculate resilience ability by morphological and space syntax analyses? Do land-use patterns affect resilience? Are there any associations between diversity in land-use and user behaviors and cognitions related to that urban public open space (spending more time, using frequently, etc.)?

The paper defines two variables to measure resilience in context of urban morphology: diversity and connectivity. The methodology applied in the study then includes a synthesis of three types of expertise: 1) behavioral mapping of areas (through the analysis of patterns of use based on direct observation), 2) cognitive evaluation of spaces based on perceived factors (through user questionnaires), and 3) quantifying urban public spaces objectively (through the methodology of space syntax). The results identify associations between objective characteristics of public spaces designed at the peripheral districts, patterns of use and users' perception of these areas.

Any city in the world suffers from density problems. From an urbanistic standpoint these problems are related to a shortage of public spaces and the presence of areas in poor conditions of ventilation and light, filled up with degraded buildings and small residual spaces that are misused or transformed into mere parking.
In this final project I am studying small-scale public interventions as a system or method of urban acupuncture and hygiene that has been applied across the districts of Barcelona tackling important problems related to public spaces.
I am studying the process of restoring, urbanizing and converting these degraded areas, that were occupied by "infected" buildings and deteriorated factories, or remained as left over junctions, into useful public spaces, mainly squares and gardens.
My research is based on the concept of urban acupuncture and hygiene. Just like the Asian medical acupuncture heals and unblocks energy channels in the body so does urban acupuncture in a city. Much like the pressure points on a human body, punctual operations on the urban fabric are chosen to apply urban acupuncture causing by that a ripple effect, what Bohigas called metastasis, that provides the city with a chance to breathe in a new positive energy, render a better image and improve the usage of the new public space. In short, offering the citizens a better quality of life.
All the research is based on the "Barcelona Model", where for the last two centuries, urban projects in every corner of the city were being carried out using the same system of urban acupuncture and hygiene.
As case studies, several small-scale public interventions are selected in the districts of Barcelona, and analyzed according to their history, transformation, design approach, usage, choice of materials, urban furniture and greenery.

Le differenti crisi del primo Ventennio del XXI secolo nel ricco Occidente
e nei Paesi di recente industrializzazione, nonché i tempi e i modi del loro superamento, hanno messo in evidenza il riacutizzarsi di problematiche sociali che avevano assunto grande rilievo nei tessuti urbani nel corso del XX secolo e che ci si era illusi di aver lasciato alle spalle con la pervasività dei loro conflitti sociali. Come nel passato ad essere interessate da gravi problemi sociali nei contesti urbani sono state soprattutto le periferie.

Urban peripheries are important in their own right. In an age of increasing population growth and ever-changing patterns of urban habitation and participation, we need to consider afresh how to design them well, engaging with the best available methodologies and architectural ethics.

To find good design, you have to design something for itself and not design it, at least principally, to serve some other purpose or purposes. Periphery often takes second place to the needs of a centre, and design of it can become subsumed by agendas and matters that don’t directly relate to it.

Both the Barcelona (1992) and London (2012) Olympics were staged and facilitated on periphery sites in each city. Because these distil many of the issues faced by urban peripheries in general, I will evaluate them as case studies. Barcelona (1992) was for a time considered, almost without criticism, to have written a new blue print not just for design of Olympic parks but even for urban regeneration more generally. It supposedly became the model, the ‘Barcelona Model’, by which an international moment such as the Olympics could bring long-lasting benefits to the host city. London (2012) sought to learn and borrow from the Barcelona model but, as will be argued, the global-centric and city-centered focus of each of these Olympics has come at the cost of the periphery sites themselves by overlooking their inherent values, incumbent cultures and their local needs and concerns.

This dissertation will assert the value of peripheries in their own right and that their design should be brought to the forefront of urban practice rather than be allowed to remain reduced to an inconvenient by-product or a subsidiary afterthought of some idea or scheme of supposedly greater importance.

The significance continues to grow of scholarship that embraces critical and contextualized entrepreneurship, seeking rich explorations of diverse entrepreneurship contexts. Following these influences, this study explores the potentialized context of punk entrepreneurship. The Punk Rock band Rancid has a 20-year history of successfully creating independent musical and related creative enterprises from the margins of the music industry. The study draws on artefacts, interviews and videos created by and around Rancid to identify and analyse this example of marginal, alternative entrepreneurship. A three-part analytic frame was applied to analysing these artefacts. Place is critical to Rancid’s enterprise, grounding the band socially, culturally, geographically and politically. Practice also plays an important role with Rancid’s activities encompassing labour, making music, movement and human interactions. The third, and most prevalent, dimension of alterity is that of power which includes data related to dominance, subordination, exclusion, control and liberation. Rancid’s entrepreneurial story is depicted as cycles, not just a linear journey, but following more complicated paths – from periphery to centre, and back again; returning to roots, whilst trying to move forwards too; grounded in tradition but also radically focused on dramatic change. Paradox, hybridized practices, and the significance of marginal place as a rich resource also emerged from the study.

This paper is aimed at investigating the urban sprawl patterns caused by the development of planned housing (real estate/KPR) in Banjarmasin peri-urban areas (macro scale) and specifically analyzing the morphological characteristics (urban structure, building and spatial layout) of that housing type in North Banjarmasin and Handil Bakti (micro scale). Findings show that the development of those planned housing has shaped a sporadic pattern or what so-called a leap frog development, in which they are concentrated in North and South of Banjarmasin fringe-urban areas where availability of agricultural land is still abundant. Form three areas, the cluster of residential has a similarity in building and spatial layouts such as streets with grid system and rectangular plot and marked by a single entrance with enclosed cluster and no boundary between buildings / land plot. Kata Kunci: Morphology, planned housing (real estate/KPR), Banjarmain peri-urban areas.

Urbanization is occurring rapidly in some of the world’s most populous and least urbanized areas, notably Asia, and Africa. While just over half of the world’s population now live in urban areas, the percentage is expected to increase to about 68% by the year 2050. Already high, demand for housing in African cities is expected to grow exponentially in the upcoming decades. Angola is one of the fastest urbanizing countries in Africa; 65% of its population currently lives in cities. Rapid ongoing urbanization, coupled with severe housing shortages, has produced sprawling informal settlements throughout the nation’s capital, Luanda. The bulk of this housing is self-built at very low densities and limited to one or two stories; the vast majority of residents lack title to the land they occupy. Very little of the city’s housing stock benefits from municipal infrastructure (sewers, water, electricity, etc.). Despite sporadic efforts by the government to augment the country’s housing stock, severe housing shortages and low-density sprawl have produced inefficient and unsustainable urban patterns. Addressing this situation involves both the redevelopment of much of Luanda’s existing urban fabric and new strategies for the build-out of the city’s peri-urban landscapes. By and large, this involves finding ways to build at higher densities, which is difficult to do without access to capital. Good design is also key to the success of high-density development -- at the scale of the building, site, and larger public realm. Strategic architectural interventions, coupled with investment in infrastructure, will produce a more sustainable urban morphology and strengthen housing markets as communities evolve in harmony with the public realm. This thesis explores strategies and prototypes for sustainable and affordable low-rise, high-density housing on Luanda’s periphery. The design portion of the project explores a model neighborhood for a micro-financed, not-for-profit development that offers residents the opportunity to own their units. It is intended as an alternative both to bottom-up, informal settlements and top-down, high-rise, government-sponsored housing.

This paper aims to analyze and understand the contemporary Italian approach to urban development and regeneration, which is structured around the category of decaying periphery.
Inspired by the works of Michel Foucault, Henry Lefebvre, and Lois Waquant, the analysis of the discourses on urban regeneration takes into account the Urban Agenda of the EU, the urban policies promoted by the Italian government, and the ways in which the Municipality of Brescia (Northern Italy) is applying them in three specific neighborhoods of this city. Then, the analysis takes into account the ways in which the residents of this area (re)produce, negotiate, and contest the discourses on urban (im)properness; these processes produce specific effects on the conceptualizations, perceptions, and experiences of these spaces in the every-day life urban interactions.

This paper suggests that the Italian approach of regeneration, and its local application in the decaying periphery of Brescia, sustain institutional forms of territorial stigmatization, framing the historical transition from the industrial to the post-industrial socioeconomic system through class, gender, and racially polarized urban representations and narratives.

Este ensayo es fruto de una experiencia de investigación etnográfica de carácter colaborativo y experimental, junto a técnicos de un Centro Juvenil ubicado en las proximidades de Casavalle, Montevideo. A partir de ejercicios de mapeo colectivo, recorridas y análisis de otras fuentes de información, procuramos generar conocimien-to sobre las condiciones contemporáneas de la periferia urbana, a un tiempo que se plantea una línea de intervención con la población, en particular con los jóvenes residentes en estas zonas. En primer lugar se contextualiza la investigación, explicitando las condiciones de una “revisita etnográfica” a Casavalle y su potencial conceptualizador. Luego, se profundiza desde una “experiencia oblicua” la conceptualización del territorio en cuestión, desde el caso singular proyectando diferentes niveles y sentidos de generalización en relación al habitar urbano contemporáneo. Posteriormente se pasa a una propuesta de intervención ligada a las características distintivas del fenómeno, lo que a un tiempo nos permite profundizar en la conceptualización del habitar y los procesos de subjetivación, la prácticas de diseño y comunicación, apelando a la emergencia de “sujetos cartografantes” desde un “activismo expresivo”. Finalmente, se concluye poniendo el acento en reflexionar sobre los modelos de ciudad que están en juego principalmente desde las políticas sociales y otros agentes, afirmando la necesidad de concebir formas híbridas de “rurbanidad” e intentando superar la precariedad característica de una forma de habitar históricamente reproductora de exclusión y vulneración de derechos.

The expansion of large cities in the last century has gradually distanced rural landscapes from towns and villages, depriving their inhabitants of ccontact with and experience of the countryside. More recently, interest in landscapes has shifted from spaces with great heritage or environmental values to more mundane ones. In this paper we will analyse the peri-urban parks around Seville, their landscape/heritage values, as well as their importance not only in terms of liveability and public recreation, but also in maintaining society's links with its territory (identity) and increasing its quality of life. The management of these spaces, their effective integration (physical, formal and functional) into the urban structure and the use of all their potential as a resource are the challenges to be faced in the future with a view to their protection and conservation.

This chapter discusses the concept of Black life in the city in an attempt to explore what I call fugitive ways of re-materializing and reimagining the urban peripheries. Based on two years of urban ethnography in the city of Salvador, Bahia (Brazil), the chapter centres on the analysis of art-based initiatives by the Acervo da Laje (The Rooftop Collection, henceforth referred to as the Laje Collection or simply Laje), a self-managed museum located in the Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador, one of the main Black outlying areas of the city. In particular, I focus on how Laje's politico-aesthetic practices reanimate a different sense and materiality of Black life that allows Laje's inhabitants, along with its visitors and participants, to sense, think and enact Black life in the urban peripheries otherwise-beyond images of placelessness, dispossession, violence and death. To this end, Black life is explored here through an ontology of fugitivity. The concept of fugitivity stems from the Black radical tradition and the emancipatory practices of enslaved people (Hartman 1997). Fugitivity suggests that in situations of abjection, violence and subjugation, there are always forms of Black life that escape capture and develop practices of refusal (Hartman 1997; Moten 2003; Campt 2017). However, before going on with this conceptual focus, in this introduction I aim to elaborate how the experience of living in Salvador and being immersed in the socio-material spaces of the Subúrbio and Laje, pushed me to reorient my theoretical perspective towards doing urban ethnography. In December 2016, fresh from a Barcelona still in its post-15M Movement 1 period, I landed directly in the capital of the northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia to conduct the ethnographic research for my project "For a cosmopolitics of urban government. Citizen labs and other urban assemblages". 2 I had designed this project in the light of discussions I had participated in my previous work in Barcelona (Estévez 2019), mainly around the challenges that both the 15M movement and the crisis of representation in Spain had thrown up in the field of urban studies. By crisis of representation, I mean the deep and generalized citizen distrust in both institutional forms of politics and expert knowledge (see Callon et al. 2011), which spread in Spain after the 2008 financial crisis. Central to these challenges was the irruption of a host of radical citizen initiatives that-without waiting for permission from city's institutional governance-were 4 Black life and aesthetic sociality in the

Il progetto dei margini delle nostre città è un'operazione complessa perché soggetta a un'infinità di condizioni al contorno, di progetti interrotti, di desideri e ambizioni individuali e collettive che hanno lasciato tracce visibili e ormai stratificate. Il tentativo diventa ancora più complesso quando si assiste a uno scostamento tra la forma fisica e spaziale di un territorio e la configurazione immateriale di strutture e sovrastrutture burocratiche definite dalle normative o dai diritti e dalle proprietà.
Quest'ultimo è l'aspetto che il presente contributo intende approfondire, attraverso l'indagine su una porzione strategica della città metropolitana di Cagliari, in cui l'estrema frammentazione fondiaria ha reso inefficace qualsiasi intervento avallato da procedure di pianificazione ordinaria, basate sul risultato alla scala urbana piuttosto che sul processo di trasformazione.
L'area in questione, denominata Cuccuru Macciorri, si estende per circa quarantadue ettari a nord di Cagliari - tra i centri di Assemini e di Elmas - ed è composta da un mosaico di circa 400 diverse proprietà, con un'estensione media di 1.000 metri quadrati. Già nel corso degli anni Novanta, l'applicazione di un Programma Integrato di Riqualificazione Urbanistica e Ambientale  aveva portato alla redazione di un progetto guida , con lo scopo di valutare le potenzialità edificatorie dell'area, le funzioni da insediare e i livelli d'infrastrutturazione necessari. Questo processo però si è realizzato solo per frammenti e ha visto la sua unica espressione fisica nel desolante asse centrale di via Lubiana, oggi abbandonato e in via di disfacimento.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir a política de pacificação, em franca atividade no Estado do Rio de Janeiro desde 2008, não como estratégia policial de segurança pública, mas a partir de seus efeitos no tecido associativo carioca. Uma característica marcante desta política foi a intensificação dos investimentos públicos para a composição de parcerias com atores da sociedade civil. Neste contexto, proponho uma análise das relações entre duas figuras de destaque no Rio de Janeiro nos anos de 1990 e início da década seguinte: José Júnior, líder do grupo cultural AfroReggae, e o pastor Marcos Pereira, da Assembléia de Deus dos Últimos Dias (Adud). A partir deste caso, procurei demonstrar que o emaranhado social urbano cria associações e dissociações situacionais e circunstanciais. Discuto ainda o “trabalho do tempo”, tal como abordado por Veena Das, na criação de uma coreografia dos atores nas tramas urbanas das periferias cariocas e o modo como se evidenciam estilos de articulação variáveis no tempo, na composição dos atores em conexão, na produção de conflitos e em sua inscrição territorial.

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the processes of expansion-consolidation of popular settlements in the northeastern periphery of Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, from 1970 until 2010. Few other studies had emphasized, these urban processes and the importance of this phenomenon in intermediate touristic cities. Popular settlements are one problem, manifested in various cities of Latin America since the middle of the last century. Urban expansion-consolidation processes, has led to the configuration of various self-produced settlements by low-income groups, mainly, under conditions of legal and urban irregularity. The methodology of this research has been structured in 2 phases. The first phase analyzed the expansion process of the Northeast of Mazatlán, the second phase, presented the characteristics of urban structure of 3 popular settlements with irregular origin corresponding to different decades of creation. The research concludes that in recent decades the city and port of Mazatlán has been characterized by a peripheral expansion that involves the phenomenon of popular urbanization, where the resulting settlements have been immersed in urban consolidation processes over time that have a significant impact on its urban structure through the physical changes of the built environment.

Os Centros Educacionais Unificados (CEUs), construídos a partir de 2003 em 45 pontos dos distritos mais pobres e desfavorecidos do município de São Paulo, oferecem uma combinação de equipamentos educacionais, culturais e esportivos. Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de minha pesquisa de mestrado e reflete sobre a relação entre espaço e política, indo além da associação consagrada entre abertura espacial e democracia. O artigo propõe, também, pensar em termos de combinações de contextos extensivos, intensivos e separadores. Para isso, realizo uma análise comparada do cotidiano das bibliotecas de dois CEUs, utilizando etnografia e modelos virtuais.