Tyrol

Abstract english / deutsch         
Schloss Tirol, the old church on the hillside: The story of the Castle of Tyrol begins a lot earlier then its actual buildings. In today’s vineyard at the south side of the hill a church of the Early Middle Ages was excavated. It seems to have been developed out of a Roman rectangular building. However, the function as a sacral room becomes only comprehensible with the building of an apse on the upper floor in the same dimensions as the rectangular room beneath. In the centre of the apse there was a cave for relics. In it there was a small sarcophagus of marble with a silver pyxis for relics. In the zone in front of the sanctuary there was supposed to be a one step elevated tribune (solea); on the south there were found children burials, one child having the name of Lobecena. In Carolingian time the church was expanded to a hall with three apses. With the building of today’s Castle the church was abandoned.
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Schloss Tirol, die alte Kirche am Hang: Die Geschichte vom Schloss Tirol beginnt lange vor dem Burgenbau. Im heutigen Rebberg am Südhang wurde eine frühmittelalterliche Kirche ausgegraben. Ihre Entwicklung startete mit einem, vielleicht noch römischen Rechteckbau. Die sakrale Funktion wird erst fassbar, als der Rechtecksaal im Obergeschoss mit einer gleichbreiten Apsis erweitert wurde. Gleichzeitig wurde im Zentrum der Apsis ein Reliquiengrab angelegt. Darin befand sich ein kleiner Marmorsarkophag mit einem silberner Reliquienbehälter. In der Zone vor dem Sanktuarium wird anfänglich eine Solea vermutet; später finden sich auf der Südseite Kinderbestattungen, eine mit Namen Lobecena. In karolingischer Zeit wurde die Kirche zu einem Dreiapsidensaal verbreitert. Mit Baubeginn der heutigen Burg wird die Kirche aufgelassen.

Schloss Tirol: Architectural sculpture of the South palas and the chapel: technique and stile / catalogue
The Castle “Schloss Tirol” near Meran was the main castle of the Tyrolean County. The architectural sculpture that is being presented here, is embedded in the residential quarters in the South and in the incorporated chapel. It belongs therefore to the parts of the Castle built around 1129/1141. It is made of marble and decorates the portals, windows and the triumphal arch. The portals show extreme contrasts: highly plastic sculptures at the outer part of the wall and fine, nearly of textile quality the ornaments in the jamb of the portals. In the combination of the lintel with the tympanum in the portal of the chapel creativity and imagination are seen very well. In this contribution architecture and sculpture are being critically acclaimed. The individual pieces are being described in the catalogue.
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Schloss Tirol: Bauplastik von Südpalas und Kapelle: Technik und Stil / Katalog
Schloss Tirol bei Meran war die Hauptburg der Grafschaft Tirol. Die Bauplastik, die hier vorgestellt wird, ist eingebaut in den Südpalas und in die damit verbundene Kapelle. Sie gehört somit zu den um 1129/1141 entstandenen Teilen der Burg. Sie ist in Marmor gehauen und ziert die Portale, Fenster und den Triumphbogen. Die Stufenportale leben von einem stark gegensätzlichen Programm: kräftige, körperhaft freigestellte Plastiken an der äusseren Mauerfront stehen der fast textil wirkenden, feinen Ornamentierung in der Tiefe der Portallaibungen gegenüber. Die Verflechtung von Sturz und Tympanon im Kapellenportal bringt die gestalterische Freiheit und Phantasie besonders gut zum Ausdruck. Architektur und Skulptur erhalten hier eine Würdigung. Im Katalog wird jedes Werkstück einzeln beschrieben.

"""""During Mussolini’s fascist regime, the Atlante internazionale del Touring Club Italiano – produced in Milan (1927-1938) and widely recognised far beyond the borders of Italy – included among its plates two maps of European ethnic groups. The makers of the TCI’s atlas passed on to us a specific approach to determine the kind of collective that ought to be considered an ethnic group.
The enigmatic second reprint of the fifth edition (1938) was inexplicably not accompanied by the symbolic features required by the fascist authorities, but, after World War II started, the new version of the “Europa etnografica” map – on a 1:12.000.000 scale – clearly showed the changes that occurred in the political context.
Link:
http://www.j-reading.org/index.php/geography/article/view/57/50"""""

Moorböden sind CO2-Speicher, deren Potential oft nicht bedacht wird. Viele Moorflächen wurden, etwa zum Zweck agrarischer Nutzung, inzwischen trockengelegt und sind daher gar nicht oder manchmal nur unvollständig erfasst. Da trockene Moore zu CO2-Quellen werden, ist es wichtig, deren Ausmaß zu kennen.

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, dazu beizutragen, ausgewählte Flächen im Bezirk Kufstein, die früher einmal Moore gewesen sind und zu anderweitiger Nutzung umgewandelt wurden, aber noch immer einen erheblichen Torfkörper aufweisen, zu erheben. Dazu werden in einem theoretischen Teil die geowissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Moorlandschaften sowie deren Entstehung und Typologie dargelegt werden und ebenso die Verbreitung von Mooren im Untersuchungsgebiet Bezirk Kufstein besprochen.

Weiters wird der anthropogene Einfluss auf Moore zum einen direkt, durch Maßnahmen wie Entwässerung, Torfabbau oder Nutzung für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, zum anderen indirekt, durch die Auswirkungen des anthropogenen Klimawandels auf Moore, aufgezeigt. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es umgekehrt wiederum notwendig, auch die daraus resultierenden Effekte ausgetrockneter Moore auf das Klima zu diskutieren.

Lösungsansätze und Alternativen zur Regeneration beziehungsweise nachhaltigen Nutzung im Sinne des Moorschutzes werden vorgestellt, um den Themenkomplex zu ergänzen. Diese beinhalten etwa Wiedervernässung oder Paludikulturen, die diesen sensiblen Feuchtgebieten wieder zur Entwicklung eines intakten Ökosystems verhelfen sollen.

Diese Arbeit dient zum Teil als Grundlage für weitere Forschungen, welche im Zuge des Projektes TiMo (Tiroler Moore) des Instituts für Geographie an der Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck durchgeführt werden

The Provisioning of the Court in Innsbruck under Frederick IV of Tyrol
This paper is based of my diploma thesis, which was accepted at the Department for
Historical Sciences and Ethnology at the University of Innsbruck by a. o. Univ.-Prof.
Dr. Klaus Brandstätter †. It deals with the court of Duke Friedrich IV of Tyrol and
its provision with food after the residence was transferred from Castle Tyrol near
Merano to Innsbruck. It relies primarily on the account books from this period. After
a brief outline of the historical framework, the Innsbruck court is characterized in
terms of size, composition and significance on the basis of the so-called Tischordnung
of c. 1431/32, which lists the members of the court and their functions. *e princely
books of account provide information on the provision of the court with various
foodstuffs and beverages, especially wine, spices, meat and fruits. *e paper briefly
explains the structure and function of the account books and gives an insight into the
administration of Tyrol in the late Middle Ages to show their significance as a source
for late medieval everyday and material history.

Fire is present in a number of celebrations and customs, in the form of fireworks, bonfires, torches, a wheel or wagon covered with flaming straw that is sent hurtling down a slope, or flaming wooden disks propelled into the air. There is a striking resemblance between these flaming disks and flying saucers (UFOs).

Il fuoco è presente in molte feste e usanze sotto forma di fuochi d’artificio, falò, torce, ruote o carrelli coperti di paglia fiammeggiante che vengono scaraventati giù da un pendio o dischi di legno incendiati lanciati in aria. La somiglianza tra queste tavolozze fiammeggianti e i dischi volanti è sorprendente.

This paper aims to analyse the expenditure and consumption of a noble family from Trentino, the Bossi Fedrigotti, in the nineteenth century. The origin and evolution of the family assets are traced from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century as they shifted from transport to trade, from trade to finance, and finally from finance to agriculture. The research is based on the household budgets and investigates the type, composition and variations in expenditures during two benchmark decades, 1835-44 and 1855-64. The relatively small share of expenses for food as compared to leisure, cultural activities, charity and conspicuous consumption reflects the family’s quest for social status and reputation, leading to the obtainment of a noble title in the eighteenth century. The Bossi Fedrigotti represented a pillar in the economic system of Rovereto, which they actively supported through a variety of economic and non-economic actions, helping the city to prosper and advance.

From the Germans of Danzig (now Gdansk, in Poland) to the Turks of Rhodes: the «Europa etnografica» map (1:6.000.000) of the Atlante internazionale del TCI (1st ed., 1927). For a later version of this map (3rd ed., 1929) you can see www.davidrumsey.com

La repercusión que la Paz de Westfalia tuvo sobre los vínculos dinásticos entre España y la línea secundaria del Tirol no ha llamado hasta el momento la necesaria atención de los historiadores modernistas. El análisis de los puntos clave que jalonaron estas relaciones desde 1648 resulta clave a la hora de abordar y comprender las motivaciones y expectativas de la corona española respecto del Tirol en un contexto de aguda crisis dinástica y divergencias político-estratégicas. Esta tensión dominante, nutrida por la marginalización de los intereses de la casa archiducal por Madrid y Viena, solo se disiparía con el advenimiento en 1659 de la Paz de los Pirineos.

The impact that the Peace of Westphalia had on the dynastic bonds between Spain and the secondary Tyrolean line has not yet drawn the necessary attention of Early Modern historians. The analysis of the focal points that marked these relations since 1648 is key when it comes to addressing and understanding the motivations and expectations of the Spanish crown with respect to the Tyrol in a context of acute dynastic crisis and political-strategic divergences. This dominant tension, nourished by the marginalization of the archducal house’s interests by Madrid and Vienna, would only dissipate with the advent in 1659 of the Peace of the Pyrenees.

Hindrance policies" is the keyword for the local society, whose radius of action is presented for debate in this paper. Manifoldly interwoven between familial and local levels, the house could have had a demographic effect here. Several extremely striking demographic factors characterize marriage patterns in the region studied. A first indicator is found in the age-specific proportions of single persons. Also the mean age at first marriage is consistently relatively high, particularly in the second half of the 19th century. Influx and settlement limitations regulated through the instrument of citizenship are reflected in the marriage pattern in terms of the aspect of endogamy and exogamy. The form of acceptance of citizens, political marriage consent, which tied marriageability to property, partitioning prohibition and house-building taboo, relatively fixed property sizes and the inheritance practice oriented to the primogeniture model and high migration rates. All of these factors together were the pillars of this citizenship-estate society. Marriage patterns are composed of various elements. Percentages and rates presented at the local level as the result of demographic analyses can be explained from concrete socio-cultural contexts, especially where significant deviations from the average are involved. What determines factors such as marriage age and frequency of marriages is not a diffuse, quasi autopoietic behavior, but rather a specific formation of socio-cultural norms interwoven in 1 The following is based on the results of my doctoral dissertation, M. Lanzinger, Das gesicherte Erbe. Heirat in lokalen und familialen Kontexten,

Dietrich Feil -Philipp Margreiter Bei Bauarbeiten für die Umgestaltung und Erweiterung der Swarovski Kristallwelten in Wattens wurde im September 2014 ein antikes Gebäude angeschnitten und dabei auch ein größerer Münzbestand gefunden. 406 Münzen konnten geschlossen geborgen werden 1 , knapp 300 weitere wurden im Zuge der Grabungen, die dann das Bundesdenkmalamt bzw. die Grabungsfirma ARDIS unternommen haben 2 , aus den schon durch Baggerarbeiten umgelagerten Erdmassen gesichert, sodass insgesamt ein Bestand von 702 Münzen vorliegt. Die Tatsache, dass auch die verstreut geborgenen Münzen sich genau in das Fundspektrum des einheitlich geborgenen Bestandes einfügen, erlaubt den Schluss, dass alle Münzen ursprünglich zum selben Bestand gehörten und nur ein Teil durch die Baggerarbeiten verstreut wurde. Da keinerlei Spuren eines Verwahrungsbehälters festzustellen waren, dürften sich die Münzen ursprünglich in einem Lederoder Stoffbeutel befunden haben. Bei den Münzen handelt es sich ausschließlich um ›Antoniniane‹, in der Regel in sehr gutem bis nahezu prägefrischem Zustand. In die erste Prägephase des ›Antoninians‹ von Caracalla bis Elagabal gehören mit 14 Exemplaren nur etwa 5% des Gesamtbestandes, den Hauptanteil stellen Münzen von Balbinus und Pupienus bis Trebonianus Gallus und Volusianus (Tab. 1).

There were so many people along the way who have inspired me, and I would like to mention in particular Walter Hagg as Austrian Ambassador to Ireland, who has shown constant support to me and to my students at UCD. He came repeatedly to the seminars on South Tyrolean history to talk to my students, which they always found incredibly enriching. He has of fered some profound insights into the role of Austria in the history of the German-speaking minority in Italy and, most importantly, has always been wonderful company. Christoph Pan, who has of course been so important in the history of South Tyrol in shaping its identity as a province and its role in Europe through the Südtiroler Volksgruppen Institut and the representation of the South Tyrolean autonomy between Brussels and Budapest, Strasbourg and Bukarest, has been unfailingly generous with his time, support and expertise. Finally, the greatest support came, as usual, from my wife Lindsey Earner-Byrne. Her thoroughness and patience were invaluable in the process of finalizing the manuscript. A big 'thank you' to Hannah and Ellen for giving me the time to write this book. Despite all this support I need to state that any errors in the book are of my own making.

This article examines attempts to develop research cooperation and the research sector in a European cross-border region (CBR), Tyrol––South Tyrol––Trentino. It reports the result of thirty-one expert interviews with key actors: senior managers in universities and research institutes, and policy-makers and administrators within the region. The focus is on the positioning of higher education and research institutes at various scalar levels: the regional, the respective national contexts (Italy and Austria), the Euroregion, and the international. The paper draws on social identity and positioning theory in analyzing the material and emphasizes the, often paradoxical, dynamic between the scalar levels. It concludes by drawing out some broader implications of the case study for understanding the role of HE and research institutions in emerging knowledge cities or regions.

Der Inn durchfließt heute drei Staaten und ist die Lebensader einer ganzen Region. Durch seine schimmernd grüne Farbe ziert er so manches idyllisches Postkartenmotiv. In seiner Geschichte hat der Fluss aber auch noch eine andere, viel tragendere Rolle gespielt, und das im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes. Die Epoche der frühen Neuzeit hat im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert tiefgreifende Spuren in der Geschichte hinterlassen. In einer Zeit der politischen und religiösen Unruhen sowie der tiefgreifenden sozialen Umbrüche diente der Fluss Inn neben dem friedlichen Transport von Gütern auch etwas ganz anderem, nämlich der Beförderung von durchziehenden Truppen, Waffen und Gefangenen.

Today, the Inn flows through three states and is the lifeline of an entire region. lifeline of an entire region. Its shimmering green green colour, it adorns many an idyllic postcard motif. In its history, however, the river has has also played another, much more important role in its history, in the truest sense of the word. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the early modern era left its left profound traces in the history of the history. In a time of political and religious and religious unrest as well as far-reaching social upheaval In addition to the peaceful transport of goods, the river Inn served goods, the river Inn also served something quite different, namely the transport of troops, weapons and prisoners. prisoners.

Continuano gli "Incontri del giovedì in Archivio provinciale": prossimo appuntamento il 17 maggio alle 17 [ APTn, Spaur Valer, n. 505] L'archivio dei conti Spaur di Castel Valer, dichiarato di notevole interesse storico nel 1964 e acquistato dalla Provincia autonoma di Trento nel 2012, è un importante complesso documentario costituito da 1459 unità archivistiche, fra cui 619 pergamene (la più antica del 1285), 114 registri e un epistolario di circa 7.000 lettere, dal secolo XVI fino al primo Novecento, per un complesso di circa 15 metri lineari di documentazione. Gli Spaur, nominati nel 1464 baroni dell'impero e nel 1658 conti, rappresentano uno dei casati più illustri dell'intero Tirolo storico; signori delle giurisdizioni di Spor, Flavon e Fai-Zambana, furono proprietari di un vasto patrimonio di beni e di diritti. Dalle fila di questa famiglia emersero vescovi (di Trento, Bressanone, Vienna, Salisburgo, Gurk), ecclesiastici di alto rango (canonici dei capitoli di Trento, Bressanone, Salisburgo; badesse di vari conventi), esponenti di spicco dell'amministrazione sia locale sia centrale (consiglieri dell'Imperatore e del Governo di Innsbruck, governatori di Veneto e Lombardia, capitani all'Adige, vicari delle valli di Non e Sole), militari di grado elevato, giudici. Il complesso documentario in questione si riferisce a uno dei rami del casato Spaur, quello residente appunto a Castel Valer, che ebbe origine nella seconda metà del Cinquecento; l'archivio comprende nella porzione più antica importanti testimonianze su altre linee familiari, in particolare quella di Sporminore. Si tratta di un fondo particolarmente significativo per la storia dell'ampio territorio sul quale gli Spaur detennero possessi e diritti: dai territori di Tassullo, Flavon, Terres, Sporminore, all'intera valle di Non, alla piana Rotaliana (Mezzocorona, Mezzolombardo, Zambana), all'altopiano della Paganella (Spormaggiore, Molveno, Cavedago), alla città di Trento, alle zone di Termeno e Cortaccia, al Burgraviato e alla val Venosta (Lagundo, Merano, Ciardes, Castel Montechiaro/Lichtenberg), alla città di Bolzano nonché ad altre aree degli attuali Alto Adige, Tirolo austriaco e Baviera. Nella prima parte dell'incontro Stefania Franzoi, curatrice del riordino e dell'inventariazione dell'archivio, approfondirà genesi e composizione del fondo, soffermandosi su una selezione di documenti individuati sia in base a particolari caratteristiche materiali e tipologiche sia per l'interesse contenutistico, legato alla ricostruzione biografica di alcuni esponenti della famiglia che svolsero ruoli di rilievo nella vita politica, sociale, culturale delle rispettive epoche. Nella seconda parte dell'incontro Giovanni Dellantonio, dell'Ufficio per i beni storico-artistici della Soprintendenza per i beni culturali, traendo spunto da alcuni documenti conservati in copia presso l'archivio Spaur di Castel Valer, da una nota ritrovata in un altro archivio e fondamentalmente da una ricerca impostata per cercare di comprendere meglio il contesto di realizzazione di un singolare dipinto murale, parlerà dell'interesse di alcuni storici per la vicenda che coinvolse a partire dal 1565 i coniugi Giovanni Gaspare Spaur ed Elisabeth von Eck che il cardinale Cristoforo Madruzzo, l'ospite del Concilio di Trento, voleva allontanare dal Principato vescovile di Bressanone, a cui era pure all'epoca preposto, perché richiedevano di continuare ad avvicinarsi all'eucaristia nelle due forme del pane e del vino. Questa pratica legata alla celebrazione della messa era rimasta cara in Tirolo e Oltralpe a laici di diversa estrazione sociale che erano stati influenzati dalle dottrine evangeliche e luterane. Dopo lunghe discussioni e ripetuti rinvii dettati da pressioni politiche, i padri conciliari riuniti a Trento, per tentare di confinare quanto più possibile l'influenza del protestantesimo, decisero di riservare la pratica di assumere il calice con il vino oltre che l'ostia ovvero il pane come simboli del sangue e del corpo di Cristo nel corso della celebrazione liturgica ordinariamente al solo sacerdote celebrante. Stefania Franzoi, Giovanni Dellantonio-funzionari della Soprintendenza per i Beni culturali L'archivio dei conti Spaur di Castel Valer: un patrimonio da riscoprire

ABSTRACT: Arthropod remains from a Middle to Late Bronze Age (3410 to 2920 a BP cal.) site for ore smelting and slag washing were analysed within the scope of an archaeological and palaeobotanical investigation near Mauken / Brixlegg in Tyrol (900 m asl). The soil ...

Der Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Geschichte von Lienz im 20.Jahrhundert sowie die Beziehungen zwischen Russland und Osttirol. Themen die behandelt werden sie unter anderem Kriegsgefangenschaft, Kosaken in Osttirol 1945, Kosakenkinder und Lienz als transnationaler Erinnerungs- und Begegnungsort.

Der Beitrag ist auf den S.93-100 abgedruckt.