Systematic botany

A phylogeny based on nrITS1 and trnL-F sequences resolves the Lejeunea tumida species group polyphyletic with individuals belonging in two clades either side of the basal-most node within Lejeunea. It is impossible for the Lejeunea tumida species group to be more polyphyletic and still be attributed to the same genus under the existing generic classification. A simulation-based approach to testing the null hypothesis of group monophyly rejects this at the P < 0.01 level of significance. Bayesian tests find very strong support for polyphyly, given the data. The monophyly of L. tumida s.s. + L. colensoana is fully supported; however, although Lejeunea tumida s.s. is nested within L. colensoana, this position is not supported. Both L. oracola and L. rhigophila are resolved as monophyletic. Whereas there is moderate support for the monophyly of L. rhigophila, there is no support for the monophyly of L. oracola. Neither is the monophyly of L. oracola + L. rhigophila supported in Bayesian or parsimony analysis.

Morphometric data have long suggested the existence of three species of Sicyos in Australia and New Zealand. Molecular data now corroborate this and place the three species in the context of the remaining 72 species of Sicyos, most of them in the New World. We here describe and illustrate Sicyos undara I.Telford & P.Sebastian from northern Queensland and S. mawhai I.Telford & P.Sebastian from New Zealand, and emend the circumscription of S. australis to account for the removal of these two extraneous elements. We also provide a key to the three species, map their ranges, and note their habitat and conservation status.

Polyphyly among genera of grammitid ferns has necessitated several nomenclatural innovations. The genus Galactodenia is here described to accommodate two species that were previously placed in Terpsichore, G. delicatula and G. subscabra, and three new species that are here described, G. pumila, G. parriseae, and G. vareschii. In recent phylogenetic studies, the two previously described species form a clade sister to the clade of Lellingeria, Melpomene, and Stenogrammitis, and are not closely related to either Terpsichore or Alansmia, two genera that they have been previously considered close to. Galactodenia can be diagnosed by having concolorous rhizome scales, monomorphic fronds with non-calcareous hydathodes, and hairs that are simple and 2-celled or 1-furcate and 3-celled with large translucent clavate glands that produce a viscid exudate. Most species of Galactodenia are found in montane forests from southern Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia, from 2,000-4,000 m. One exception to this is G. pumila, which is known only from isolated granite inselbergs at 1,500 m, in southwestern Venezuela. All five species are illustrated, and a distribution map and a key are provided.

The plant family Commelinaceae displays a wide range of variation in vegetative, floral, and inflorescence morphology. This high degree of variation, particularly among characters operating under strong and similar selective pressures (i.e., flowers), has made the assessment of homology among morphological characters difficult, and has resulted in several discordant classification schemes for the family. Phylogenetic relationships among 40 of the 41 genera in the family were evaluated using cladistic analyses of morphological data. The resulting phylogeny shows some similarity to the most recent classification, but with some notable differences. Cartonema (subfamily Cartonematoideae) was placed basal to the rest of the family. Triceratella (subfamily Cartonematoideae), however, was placed among genera within tribe Tradescantieae of subfamily Commelinoideae. Likewise, the circumscriptions of tribes Commelineae and Tradescantieae were in disagreement with the most recent classification. The discordance between the phylogeny and the most recent classification is attributed to a high degree of convergence in various morphological characters, particularly those relating to the androecium and the inflorescence. Anatomical characters (i.e., stomatal structure), on the other hand, show promise for resolving phylogenetic relationships within the Commelinaceae, based upon their agreement with the most recent classification.

Book reviews (continued) I stood by the Braun Blanquet (Zurich-Montpellier) school. Most of the papers present a synopsis of higher syntaxa (classes, orders, alliances) in the classification of vegetation in Europe. According to Rodwell et al., who wrote the introduction to this work, the main interest of such cont ri butions lies in the fact that they provide necessary structure for the multitude of more detailed studies that abound in the literature.

Systematic Botany (2001), 26(2): pp. 420-437 © Copyright 2001 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogenetic Relationships and Floral Evolution of the Byttnerioideae (&quot;Sterculiaceae&quot; or Malvaceae sl) Based on Sequences of the Chloroplast Gene, ndhF ...

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... Page 12. For my wife Lakshmi and daughter Anita Page 13. ... Finally, I wish to pay tribute to my wife, Lakshmi, and daughter, Anita, for their encour-agement and understanding, which prompted me to complete this book sooner than I expected. V. Raghavan October, 1988 ...

The Macaronesian clade of Crassulaceae comprises four genera (Aichryson, Aeonium, Greenovia, and Monanthes) that are largely endemic to Macaronesia, a region encompassing the Azores, Madeira, and the Cape Verde, Canary, and Salvage Islands. The monophyly of this clade has been supported by recent family-level phylogenetic analyses; however, the relationships within the clade remain uncertain. To resolve relationships within the Macaronesian clade, we sequenced several chloroplast DNA regions (matK and the trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH spacer regions) and the nuclear rDNA ITS region. Parsimony analyses of separate ITS and cpDNA data sets recover three major clades, corresponding to Aichryson, the perennial species of Monanthes, and Aeonium (including Greenovia). Congruence tests revealed significant heterogeneity between the ITS and cpDNA data sets. Comparison of the topologies resulting from analyses of these separate data sets indicated five instances of incongruence between the ITS and cpDNA that may be the result of cpDNA capture events. Those five cpDNA sequences that appear to be the result of hybridization were removed, and a combined cpDNA/ITS data set was constructed and analyzed. Parsimony analyses of this combined data set again resolve three major clades that correspond to Aichryson, Monanthes, and Aeonium (including Greenovia); however, the combined analyses provide greater resolution and higher internal support than the analyses of the separate data sets. Given this estimate of phylogeny, the Macaronesian clade most likely evolved from herbaceous, continental ancestors; the woody habit evolved once in Aichryson tortuosum and again in the ancestor of the Aeonium clade. Combined analyses of cpDNA and ITS for a large sampling of the Macaronesian Crassulaceae also confirms recent conclusions that Aeonium originated in Macaronesia and not in Africa and that the east African species, A. leucoblepharum, is of recent origin and represents long-distance dispersal from Macaronesia to Africa.

Identification of Australian species of Nitella is problematic. Several species of monoecious Nitella have been described from south-eastern mainland Australia, but identification of these based on current treatments has been difficult. In response to the discovery of a new monoecious Nitella from the swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia, the monoecious species of Nitella from south-eastern mainland Australia were examined and compared. N. paludigena M.T.Casanova & K.G.Karol is distinguished from other monoecious species on the basis of its overall vegetative morphology and oospore morphology. N. paludigena is found in peaty tea-tree (Leptospermum sp) swamps on the Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia, and in the south-west of Victoria. A description of the morphology and ecology of the five monoecious Nitella species from south-eastern mainland Australia is given, along with a key.

Este trabalho se constitui de uma pesquisa a respeito das folhas sagradas, bem como suas aplicações e usabilidade dentro do espaço místico que as utilize. A correta compreensão da empregabilidade e suas propriedades inerentes permite-nos ter um melhor resultado dos objetivos a serem alcançados. Aqui é demonstrada a associação do respectivo nome científico de cada espécie ao seu nome vulgar conforme o dialeto  ou nacionalidade de cada região de uso.
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Este trabalho se constitui de uma pesquisa a respeito das folhas sagradas, bem como suas aplicações e usabilidade dentro do espaço místico que as utilize. A correta compreensão da empregabilidade e suas propriedades inerentes permite-nos ter um melhor resultado dos objetivos a serem alcançados.

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An international journal devoted t o t h e t a x o n o my, b i o g e o g r a p hy and evolution of all plant groups a u s t r a l i a n s y s t e m a t i c b o t a n y Abstract. A taxonomic revision with full descriptions and key are presented for the 109 known species of Gastrolobium, including 29 new species described here for the first time. Brachysema, Jansonia and Nemcia are formally placed into Gastrolobium and new combinations have been made where necessary. Included in the revision are full taxonomic descriptions for all species, full synonymies, literature references for original publications, typification, including selection of lectotypes where necessary, distributions complete with maps, and taxonomic and nomenclatural notes.

Late Eocene prickly-leaved and scaly-fruited palm macrofossils are described from Pikopiko, Southland, New Zealand, and compared with extant Arecaceae: Calamoideae. Lamina prickles and scaly fruits support affinities to the subfamily and tribe Calameae and possible association with the extant genus Calamus. Because isolated calamoid leaf fragments and fruit are difficult to determine precisely, the fossils are placed into a new form genus (Calamoides) for the leaves and the existing form genus Lepidocaryopsis for the fruits. These represent the first calamoid-like palm macrofossils from New Zealand and suggest a subtropical to tropical palaeoclimate at far southern latitudes in the Late Eocene and an early, widespread vicariant Gondwanan distribution for the subfamily.

Apocynaceae (Dogbane and Milkweed Family) is a taxon under the order Gentianales. It contains 424 genera that are grouped into five subfamilies: Rauvolfioideae, Apocynoideae, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae. Recently, Asclepiadaceae was recommended to be included within Apocynaceae to make the latter monophyletic, since the former is accounted to be an apomorphic derivative of Apocynaceae.

Major Botanical gardens of India – Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah; National Botanical Garden (NBRI) Lucknow; Lloyd Botanical Garden, Darjeeling; Lalbaugh or Mysore State Botanical Garden Bangalore, Botanical survey of India and regional branches of India

In this comprehensive revision of Oenothera subsect. Oenothera, representing the most com plex species group in the Onagraceae, 13 species are recognized. This subsection, known as "Euoenothera," has had a long history of study, notably cytogenetic and genetic work that elucidated the anomalous genetic system of permanent translocation heterozygosity (PTH). The group has been significant in studies of chloroplast func tion, genetics, self-incompatibility, genetic interactions between genome and plastome, and recently as a phar macological crop for the fatty acid y-linolenic acid. New cytological, common garden, and extensive herbarium studies were incorporated into a revised taxonomic system using features of the genome, plastome, and mor phology that is consistent with other angiosperm classifications. All published names (562) were analyzed, in cluding many names (156), especially from the cytogenetics literature, that have never been validly published. Of the 388 validly published specific and infraspecific names the greatest number (292) have been applied to the widespread PTH species (0. biennis, 0. glazioviana, 0. oakesiana, 0. parviflora, and 0. villosa), including many for naturalized European populations. Within the subsection there are three major genomes, designated A, B, and C, and five basic plastid genomes (plastomes I, II, III, IV, and V). Five species are delimited with the ple siomorphic features of primarily outcrossed flowers, bivalent formation in meiosis, and genomic homozygosity, SYSTEMATIC BOTANY MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 50 species with plastome V. Three additional PTH species with wide, primarily eastern North American natural ranges had hybrid origins: 0. biennis (AB or BA with plastome II or III); 0. oakesiana (AC with plastome IV); and 0. parviflora (BC with plastome IV). All three species are widely naturalized, especially in Europe. Hybrids occur between many of the species (19 known combinations), especially the PTH species. When they represent a more widespread phenotype, they are included in the taxon they phenotypically most closely resemble and that has the same genome and plastome composition. Exceptionally, two morphologically distinctive additional PTH species of recent hybrid origin are recognized: 0. glazioviana (AB-III), and 0. stucchii (AA-I). Both originated in Europe via hybridization outside the indigenous range of the subsection, the former possibly in England and the latter in Italy. Oenothera glazioviana has achieved a nearly worldwide distribution. cial category of the heterogamic complex, which consists of "heterogamic microspecies" (series of true-breeding forms) and their bivalent-forming ancestors. Permanent translocation heterozygosity (PTH) occurs in only about 59 species in seven families of plants (cf. Holsinger & Ellstrand 1984), including Onagraceae (49 species: Oenothera, 45 spp.; Gaura, 2 spp.; Gayophytum, 1 sp.; and Calylophus, 1 sp.; Raven 1979), Campanulaceae (2 spp.), Commelinaceae (2 spp.), Clusiaceae (2 spp.), Iri daceae (3 spp.), Paeoniaceae (2 spp.), and Papaveraceae (1 sp.). There are variations in the features of PTH in these families, and in some cases it is not clear if they are truly PTH; they are included only tentatively in this list (for discussion see Holsinger & Ellstrand, 1984). A theoretical model has been proposed to account for the evolution of PTH (Holsinger & Feldman 1981). Species of Oenothera subsect. Oenothera are. known nearly worldwide, especially in Europe, but they are indigenous only to North America, with a few populations of 0. elata subsp. elata extending as far south as Panama. Several of the species of subsect. Oenothera were introduced to Europe at least three centuries ago, and, largely through hy bridization, numerous new phenotypes have originated there. Renner (1942) recognized at least 18 PTH species in Europe, and many others have been described as species since then (e.g., Hudziok 1964, 1968; Rostan'ski 1985). This approach of giving formal names to every different true-breeding phenotype discovered also has been used in North Amer ica (e.g., Gates 1936). If this approach were taken to its extreme, hundreds or perhaps thousands of specific names would result. The study needed to begin to identify the re sulting entities with anything but rudimentary accuracy would be extraordinary. Because there has been no overall taxonomic treatment of the group, many names have persisted in the literature, leaving no one with a clear idea of what classification and what names to use. The lifelong cytogenetic study of the group by Ralph Cleland (summarized in 1972;

An international journal devoted to t h e t a xo n o my, b i o g e o g r a p hy and evolution of all plant groups a u s t r a l i a n s y s t e m a t i c b o t a n y Australian Systematic Botany 14, 689-869 Abstract A total of 222 taxa (excluding Cyanophyceae and non-geniculate corallinales) are reported from the Suva Lagoon and Reef (Fiji), consisting of 71 Chlorophyceae, 24 Phaeophyceae and 127 Rhodophyceae. Of these, five represent new or undescribed species. The Suva flora is comparatively impoverished with only 222 species, although the relative percentage of the three classes is comparable to the overall Fijian flora, in particular with respect to the Rhodophyceae. M a r i n e a l g a e f r o m S u v a A . D . R . N ' Y e u r t A n t o i n e De R a m o n N ' Y e u r t S B 0 0 0 1 5

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Calathea, with an estimated 285 species, is the largest genus of Marantaceae and an important component of Neotropical herbaceous diversity. The genus is also of high importance for horticulture as species are cultivated for their showy, patterned leaves. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies indicated that the genus is polyphyletic, but have not provided a basis for redefining generic limits due to incomplete taxon sampling. To address this problem we analyzed DNA sequence data from three plastid markers (matK with flanking 3 0 trnK intron, trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer) and one nuclear marker (ITS) under a maximum parsimony criterion for a large and representative taxon sample covering all previously proposed infrageneric entities, and representing the full range of morphological variation known in the genus. Our results confirm that Calathea is polyphyletic. One clade, including subgenus Calathea, the C. lanicaulis group, and the genus Sanblasia, is sister to a clade formed by Ischnosiphon and Pleiostachya. The genus Monotagma is placed as sister to this clade. The remaining species form a second strongly supported clade as sister to a clade containing these other genera. Based on these findings Calathea is recircumscribed in a narrow sense and Sanblasia is placed in synonymy. The genus Goeppertia is resurrected and redefined to include all members of the second Calathea clade. Morphological characters defining each genus are provided. A total of 246 new combinations are made.

A parsimony analysis of ndhF nucleotide sequences representing 24 species and 13 genera of Sterculioideae strongly supports (100% bootstrap) the monophyly of the group. Within the Sterculioideae clade four major clades are recognized with good bootstrap support but relationships among them are not resolved. This analysis suggests the recognition of Argyrodendron as separate from Heritiera, supports Acropogon as separate from Sterculia, and Tarrietia as part of Heritiera. The current circumscriptions of Hildegardia and Firmiana are not supported. The use of fruit characters in the delimitation of genera within Sterculioideae may not be appropriate in some cases and other morphological characters need to be found.

Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) is an American genus of ca. 30 species (Moscone et al. 2007). It can be easily recognized by the unlobed calyx that usually bears appendices or teeth, the conspicuous expansion of the filaments where they unite with the corolla tube (stapet), which is functionally related to nectar presentation, and berries that are usually pungent and with giant cells in the innermost layer of the mesocarp (Hunziker 2001). The genus is economically important for its five domesticated species (

At least seven foliar taxa of Proteaceae occur in Oligo-Miocene lignite from the Newvale site. These taxa include two new species of the fossil genus Euproteaciphyllum, and previously described species of tribe Persoonieae and Banksia. Other specimens from Newvale are not assigned to new species, but some conform to leaves of the New Caledonian genus Beauprea, which is also represented in the lignite by common pollen. Two other Euproteaciphyllum species are described from the early Miocene Foulden Maar diatomite site. One of these species may belong to Alloxylon (tribe Embothrieae) and the other to tribe Macadamieae, subtribe Gevuininae. Ecologically, the species from Newvale represented important components of wet, oligotrophic, open vegetation containing scleromorphic angiosperms and very diverse conifers. In contrast, Proteaceae were large-leaved and rare in Lauraceae-dominated rainforest at the volcanic Foulden Maar site. Overall, the Oligo-Miocene fossils confirm that Proteaceae was formerly much more diverse and dominant in the New Zealand vegetation, and provide fossil evidence for biome conservatism in both leaf traits and lineage representation.

Pachira (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae) is distributed predominantly in northern South America and is the largest genus in the subfamily, including about 50 species. Ongoing studies of the systematics of neotropical Bombacoideae and field work in northeastern Brazil led to the discovery of a new species, herein described and illustrated. Pachira moreirae is known from a single population that is endemic to caatinga vegetation (a type of seasonally dry tropical forest) in the state of Bahia. The new species is leafless during its flowering period, a condition commonly seen in some genera of Bombacoideae but rare in Pachira, a genus that mostly comprises evergreen species. We provide a description of the morphology of this new species and notes on its distribution, phenology, and conservation status. A phylogenetic analysis using ITS data shows that P. moreirae is a member of a Brazilian extra-Amazonian clade of Pachira that also includes P. glabra and P. retusa.

We present a detailed morphological study of three South American species of Ormosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, genistoid clade) that have been confused in herbaria and in the literature. The three species are morphologically linked by the shared possession of relatively few leaflets, small, thin-walled fruits, and relatively small seeds, and they each occur in habitats associated with white sand deposits. Individually diagnostic morphology and non-overlapping geographical distributions support their specific distinction from each other and from other closely related species of the genus. Ormosia costulata is recircumscribed to include only populations in Suriname and French Guiana, while Ormosia trifoliolata, previously treated as a synonym of O. costulata, is lectotypified and re-established as a distinct species ranging across much of the Brazilian Amazon and western Guiana Shield. Material formerly identified as O. costulata from the Atlantic Forest domain in the Brazilian state of Bahia is recognized as a distinct and endangered species, herein described and illustrated as O. lewisii.

Este trabalho se constitui de uma pesquisa a respeito das folhas sagradas, bem como suas aplicações e usabilidade dentro do espaço místico que as utilize. A correta compreensão da empregabilidade e suas propriedades inerentes permite-nos ter um melhor resultado dos objetivos a serem alcançados. Aqui é atribuido à cada divindade e seu respectivo culto a associação direta de cada espécie. Versão Beta Release 3 Aguardem novas publicações e atualizações

The rhizomes of all species in the fern genus Lecanopteris Reinw. contain galleries (hollow chambers) that serve as domatia (homes) for ants. Some aspects of the biology of these species have been elucidated clearly, e.g., adaptations linked to the facultative, co-ecological association between Lecanopteris species and ants have been well established. Other aspects such as the evolutionary relationships between Lecanopteris and other genera of the Polypodiaceae as well as among the thirteen species in Lecanopteris remain widely debated. Diverse leaf and rhizome features have provided numerous autapomorphic characters for diagnosing species and describing subgenera, but there are few synapomorphies to establish reliable interspecific alliances. DNA sequences of the rbcL gene and the trnL-F non-coding region were obtained to test hypotheses of evolutionary history for Lecanopteris and related taxa. Data from each DNA region were considered separately and in combined analyses. The phylogeny obtained from parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of separate and combined data sets were congruent, but the analyses of combined data sets contained more informative characters, more robust bootstrap support, and better Bremer (''decay'') values than did analyses of the individual DNA regions. Lecanopteris was solidly supported as monophyletic, subgenus Lecanopteris appeared monophyletic, but subgenus Myrmecopteris was paraphyletic. Rhizome morphology, including surface indument, branching patterns, and internal galleries, correlated with DNA-based hypotheses of evolutionary history and interspecific relationships, but aspects of leaf morphology, including blade shape and soral position, appeared homoplastic. Low levels of infrageneric sequence divergence between morphologically distinct species suggest a relaxation of selective pressure on morphology, perhaps owing to the ant/plant association. Narrowly distributed, derived species may have arisen as peripheral isolates from more geographically widespread progenitors.

A new circumscription and new generic delimitations of the tribe Morindeae in the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae) have been proposed as a result of two recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Th e adoption of a narrow circumscription of Morinda and a broad circumscription of Gynochthodes requires new combinations and names in these genera. Th is study presents descriptions of the newly delimited Gynochthodes and Morinda, and 78 new combinations (73 in the former and fi ve in the latter) and three new names (Gynochthodes alejandroi Razafi m. & B.Bremer, G. ridsdalei Razafi m. & B.Bremer, and G. wongii Razafi m. & B.Bremer). We make three lectotypifi cations, and recognize 15 species in Appunia, 11 species in Coelospermum, 93 species in Gynochthodes, 39 species in Morinda, and one species in Siphonandrium. Finally, a list of all currently recognized species for each genus of Morindeae is presented.

The phylogenetic relationships of Pachycereus (Cactaceae) species and relatives from subtribe Pachycereinae were studied using DNA sequence data. The plastid rpl16 intron, trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer, and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) were sequenced for 30 species, representing the four genera of subtribe Pachycereinae (Carnegiea, Cephalocereus, Neobuxbaumia, and Pachycereus) as well as three additional outgroup genera from subtribe Stenocereinae. Phylogenetic analyses support neither the monophyly of Pachycereus as currently circumscribed nor Pachycereinae unless Stenocereus aragonii and S. eichlamii are included within it. However, these results suggest that the subtribe can be divided into three major clades. The first includes Pachycereus hollianus and P. lepidanthus, which is sister to a large clade combining species from the Pachycereus and Cephalocereus groups. Within this large clade Cephalocereus and Neobuxbaumia together with Pachycereus fulviceps are sister to the remaining species of Pachycereus as well as Stenocereus aragonii, S. eichlamii, and Carnegiea gigantea. Our results suggest that Pachycereus is paraphyletic and that several other genera (Backebergia, Lemaireocereus, Lophocereus, and Pseudomitrocereus) may be resurrected to accommodate these new phylogenetic insights. A number of morphological and anatomical characters support these relationships, indicating that future analyses combining both molecular and morphological characters will be particularly useful in resolving relationships within this group of columnar cacti.

Citation: Nagaraju Siddabathula, Ravi Kiran Arigela, Rajeev Kumar Singh & L. Paramesh. 2020. The endemic tanglehead grass Heteropogon fischerianus Bor and the giant speargrass Heteropogon triticeus (R. Br.) Stapf ex Craib, new records for the flora of Telangana state, India. NeBIO 11(1): 1-6. Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to

Phylogenetic analysis of plastid (rbcLa, matK, trnH-psbA and the trnL intron) and nuclear (ITS1) sequence datasets in a wide sampling of species of Asphodelaceae: Alooideae provides a generally well-resolved phylogeny. Among traditionally accepted genera only Astroloba and Gasteria are supported as monophyletic. Species of Haworthia are distributed among three clades corresponding to the current subgenera. Aloe s. l. (including Chortolirion) segregates into six, well-supported clades corresponding respectively to sections Dracoaloe (= Aloidendron), Kumara + Haemanthifoliae, Macrifoliae, Aristatae, Serrulatae, and the remainder of the genus. The first three clades are retrieved as early branching lineages, whereas A. sects. Aristatae and Serrulatae are strongly supported as members of a clade including Astroloba + Haworthia subg. Robustipedunculatae. We examine possible options for recircumscribing the genera of Alooideae as reciprocally monophyletic entities. Although morphological and molecular data are consistent with expansion of Aloe to include all members of Alooideae, we accept and implement an alternative option maintaining historical usage in the group as far as possible. Astroloba and Gasteria are retained as currently circumscribed; Haworthia is restricted to H. subg. Haworthia; the genus Tulista is accepted for members of H. subg. Robustipedunculatae, with the new combination T. minima; and H. subg. Hexangulares is treated as the genus Haworthiopsis with the new combinations H. koelmaniorum, H. pungens, and H. tessellata. The genus Aloe is restricted to the clade comprising the 'true aloes', with Aloidendron, Aloiampelos, and Kumara accepted as segregates, the latter broadened to include A. haemanthifolia as K. haemanthifolia. Aloe aristata is segregated in the monotypic genus Aristaloe as A. aristata and Aloe sect. Serrulatae is treated as the new genus Gonialoe with the species G. dinteri, G. sladeniana, and G. variegata.

A phylogenetic analysis of species of Didymodon from the Mediterranean area, Macaronesia, and Southwestern and Central Asia is presented. The ITS1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS2 for 30 species have been sequenced, which represent about 25% of the recognized species in the genus. The molecular data confirm the monophyly of Didymodon as clearly separated from Barbula. The transfer of Didymodon giganteus to Geheebia, of D. sinuosus to Oxystegus, and D. australasiae to Trichostomopsis is not supported by the molecular data. The phylogenetic affinities of the species generally do not correspond with the infrageneric classification proposed for the genus based on morphological characteristics. The only monophyletic section is Asteriscium, but only after the inclusion of D. bistratosus.