Roses

Rosa spp. are neglected and understudied for the Maltese flora, where only three species have been reported. R. sempervirens L. is the only native rose established in at least 12 locations in Malta. R. gallica L. s. l. (including hybrids) and R. canina L. s. l. are only mentioned in historical literature with doubtful occurrences. However, there are several other roses occurring naturally in Malta, which are probably not studied due to the difficulties in identification. A study carried out between May and July 2016 has resulted in the examination of 27 populations of wild or naturally occurring roses, of which twelve species, hybrids or cultivars have been recorded, eight of which are new for the Maltese flora. In addition, new locations or rediscoveries of R. canina and R. gallica s. l. have been found and, hence, are still extant in the Maltese Islands.

An experiment was conducted to find out the preservative solution for extending the vase life of cut rose (Red pearl cultivar). Ten chemical preservative solutions were used for vase life analysis and these were T0: Tap water (Control); T1: Sugar (50-ppm); T2: Citric Acid (50-ppm); T3: Salicylic Acid (50-ppm); T4: Chitosan (50-ppm); T5: Silvar Thiosulphate (50-ppm); T6: Sugar + Citric Acid (50-ppm); T7: Sugar + Salicylic Acid (50-ppm); T8: Sugar + Chitosan (50-ppm) and T9: Sugar + Silvar Thiosulphate (50-ppm). From the experiment, maximum stem diameter (4.60 mm), period for first petal spreading (6.1 days), petal water content (65.4%) and vase life (15.7 days) was found from T7. On the other hand, minimum flower head diameter (31.8 mm), petal discoloration score (1.5) and flower freshness score (3.0) were also found from T7. Combined application of sugar and salicylic acid was the best among the chemicals used for extending vase life of cut rose cv. Red pearl.

. They each have different environmental requirements and are limited to northern India. R. spinosissima itself does not occur naturally in the Himalayas or south of them elsewhere in India but there seems to be no reason why it should not succeed as a cultivated plant in those parts of India where the climatic conditions allow some related species (e.g. R. sericea) to be grown successfully.

Quintessential Guru Purnima reflections on the essence of being a teacher via the geometry of the rose and its relationship to the moon. Inscribed on 1 foot X 1 ½ feet poster on July 12, 1995,

On Teachers Day, students at Rizvi College of Architecture in Mumbai used to offer roses to their professors. Teachers Day in India is traditionally celebrated on Guru Purnima which falls on the full moon day of Ashadha month, when disciples pay respect to their Guru, being the birth anniversary of Veda Vyasa the author of Mahabharata. Buddhists commemorate it as the day Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India.

My grandson Haydar Ahmad Muhyiddin Hasan Taj was born on Guru Purnima 24 July 2021

Cross Reference. See also

"Recollections of an Unconventional Pedagogy" in the Articles Section.
"Father Taught Me To Teach" in the Memoirs Section

Rosa spinosissima (also known as R. pimpinellifolia), the wild Scots Rose, has the widest natural geographical distribution of any rose species, extending from the coastal fringes of western Europe to Siberia. It has also become naturalised in North America and parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Its many vernacular names include 'Scots Rose' or 'Scotch Rose' (because of its association with Scotland), 'Burnet Rose' (because its leaves resemble those of the Burnets Sanguisorba) and 'Dune Rose' (because coastal sand-dunes provide one of its main habitats). Most of the common names used in mainland Europe also reflect these concepts and include translations of 'Scots Rose'. 'Scots Rose' is the preferred name in English. The adjective 'Scotch' is not favoured in Scotland -it should only be applied to whisky! Rosa spinosissima itself was cultivated in British gardens from at least the 16 th century and illustrated in the printed 16 th and 17 th century European Herbals. The flowers of British wild forms are normally white or cream and sweetly scented. Its fruits are such a dark purple that they appear black. The first form of the species with coloured flowers was found and described in Scotland in the 17 th century by Sir Robert Sibbald -one of the Founders of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Robert Brown raised the first coloured Scots Roses with 'double' flowers near Perth, Scotland in the late 18 th century. However, by 1830, hundreds of single, semi-double and double flowered coloured 'Scotch Roses' had been raised by Robert Brown, Robert Austin of Glasgow, Scotland and other nurserymen. The colours available included white, cream, yellow, pink, red, mauve and purple with combinations in veined, striped, marbled and tinged flowers. Some varieties were bicoloured in the same sense as Rosa foetida 'Bicolor' with the front of the petals being one colour and the back of the petals being a different colour.

Roses from different continents travel long distances to reach the international flower market in Holland and result in them reaching the market while they have aged thus reducing vase life and quality which are vital for consumer satisfaction. An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of five different pulse solutions (distilled water, aluminium sulphate + HTH + V90, aluminium sulphate + pentakill + V90, 3% sucrose solution + aluminium sulphate + V90, and water acidified with citric acid to a hydrogen potential of 4.2) on preserving the vase life of three rose (Rosa hybrid L.) varieties (Amore, Escimo and Calibra). The experiment was arranged as a 3×5 factorial treatment structure laid out in a completely randomised design (CRD). There was an interaction (p<0.001) between the three rose varieties and the five different pulse solutions. Escimo and Amore recorded the highest vase life days in solution containing 3 % sucrose averaging 19 and 18 days respectively. Calibra recorded the least vase life (17 days) in water acidified with citric acid to a hydrogen potential of 4.2. It was concluded that pulsing solutions prolong vase life of roses.

Roses from different continents travel long distances to reach the international flower market in Holland and result in them reaching the market while they have aged thus reducing vase life and quality which are vital for consumer satisfaction. An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of five different pulse solutions (distilled water, aluminium sulphate + HTH + V90, aluminium sulphate + pentakill + V90, 3% sucrose solution + aluminium sulphate + V90, and water acidified with citric acid to a hydrogen potential of 4.2) on preserving the vase life of three rose (Rosa hybrid L.) varieties (Amore, Escimo and Calibra). The experiment was arranged as a 3×5 factorial treatment structure laid out in a completely randomised design (CRD). There was an interaction (p&lt;0.001) between the three rose varieties and the five different pulse solutions. Escimo and Amore recorded the highest vase life days in solution containing 3 % sucrose averaging 19 and 18 days respectively. Calibra ...

Colombia is a country recognized for its variety of fresh flowers for export, among which roses represent a significant quantity. However, cut flowers must meet some quality requirements imposed by the international market. Ascorbic acid in living organisms has an extensive function as a free radical scavenger; therefore, it reduces the negative effects of oxidative stress. It is also involved in the biosynthesis of several hormones, has many functions in chloroplasts, and is a fundamental
compound for the correct functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus. The exogenous application of ascorbic acid improves the quality and nutritional value of agricultural products and induces stress resistance in plants. A greenhouse study was carried out in Cota, Colombia, with the objective of improving the quality of rose flowers by spraying ascorbic acid in concentrations of 0.0 (control), 600, and 1200mgL–1 in the Escimo, Latin Beauty, and Freedom cultivars. In response to the spraying, an increase in stem length and stem thickness was observed in all cultivars which was directly proportional to the concentration of ascorbic acid applied. There was no clear trend found in the response of cultivars to ascorbate regarding head size and chlorophyll content (SPAD) since in some cultivars, the values of these variables increased or decreased with statistically significant differences. As a result, spraying with ascorbic acid significantly improves some components of the quality of rose cut flowers, even though the response is highly dependent on the cultivar.

PHENOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE STUDY OF NINE VARIETIES OF ROSE (Rosa sp.), IN THE THIRD AND FOURTH PRODUCTION CYCLE IN CAYAMBE.
SUMMARY
In the Flower Company "Ponte Tresa Inversiones SA" located at Cayambe, Pichincha, was evaluated phenological and productive growth of nine varieties of rose (Rosa sp.), Explorer, Freedom, Green Tea, High & Orange Magic, High & Yellow Magic, Mondial was evaluated, Tibet, Titanic and Topaz, in third and fourth production cycle. For statistical validation tests of significance, was used test "t" of student and Chi-square (chi-square), with 30 observations per variety. The variables evaluated were: stem length and diameter (cm) long flower bud (cm), days to sprouting, days to flowering, number of harvested stems and productivity. The best results in the fourth production cycle (wet season), in the varieties: Explorer, with average height 92.8 cm; High Yellow Magic, with 0.78 cm in diameter; Titanic with button size 6.89 cm long; Green Tea, with 9.96 days of sprouting; Tibet 45.65 days to flowering; Titanic with 52.8 stems of productivity.

KEYWORDS: FLOWERING.  FLORICULTURE. ORNAMENTAL.  ROSACEAE.

Plant propagation from cuttings, adventitious root formation, is the most important use of rooting hormones. There are several other ways that these substances can be effectively used including grafting & stenting, layering, and improved transplanting using Hortus and Rhizopon plant rooting hormones. Article includes a case study of rose propagation.

"The Roses of Heliogabalus" (1888) by Lawrence Alma-Tadema represents a legendary episode of Heliogabalus' life, in which a rain of flowers literally buries people during a banquet. Although sources speak of "violets and other flowers", the painter chooses roses, probably for their reference to imperial luxuria, but also because tradition had always linked Heliogabalus and roses – as evidenced by some religious texts of the Seventeenth century – perhaps for their dual symbol of beauty and death. The paper presents and discusses a series of decadent European images, poems and novels, where the topos of rose as ambivalent symbol of beauty (and passionate love too) and death has a central place, from the rediscovery of Heliogabalus in French Romanticism, through Pre-Raphaelites and Symbolistsin England, up to D’Annunzio’s works at the Great War eve.

Hommage à une grande diplomatie syrienne Pin d'Alep, prune, pistache, arum ou rose de Damas et autres ambassadeurs. 1 : rose de Damas ou rosa damascena Ce n'est pas d'hier que la Syrie, ou ce grand Bilad Cham, est dans l'histoire, et par des célébrités qui, échappées de leur territoire d'origine, ont exposées sur leurs laisser-passer, titres de voyage et modernes passeports, une identité explicite. Le pinus halepensis, la rosa damascena, le prunus syriacus ou l'arum tout aussi syriacus, de Syrie, sont, sans doute, de ces ambassadeurs de la terre syrienne, les plus connus, et les plus indiscutables. Désormais, dans une vaste partie de notre planète, ils sont aussi, pour certains, très à leur aise dans leur nouveau terrain, et faciles à rencontrer. Mais...ils ne sont pas les seuls ! Il ne faudrait pas oublier, dans les savantes listes de nos flores, de peut-être plus humbles mais tout aussi présents représentants de la gente diplomatique syrienne souvent installés au pied de ces célébrités : sous l'ombre protectrice d'un pin d'Alep, par exemple ou non loin de hautes tiges drues de la ketmie – un clone d'hibiscus siriacus mais lui aux fleurs uniquement mauves d'où lui vient cette autre joliment appellation de «mauve en arbre», ou cet l'althea-althaea officinalis-un arbuste devenu courant dans les jardins, par successifs marcottages faciles à réaliser, et qui a été pourvu de fleurs aux coloris divers. L'hibiscus d'origine lui, est si robuste et bien enraciné dans la terre argileuse et bien nourricière de 2 Syrie qu'il en garde le nom venu d'un nom arabe : hatmi devenu ketmie et féminin tous les végétaux ont un sexe allez savoir pourquoi-et qui désignerait la guimauve. Enfin tous ces hisbicus de Syrie ou très proches parents sont de la grande famille des malvacées. L'hibiscus siriacus est un ambassadeur aux postes les plus divers, et qui s'est beaucoup déplacé. Il aurait été installé, sans doute en Espagne, à la fin du Moyen-âge, car transporté dans les bagages des Croisés. Et en Afrique, un de ces descendants a fait souche. Il est bien connu par son fruit : le gombo qui passa en Amérique avec les esclaves dont il était le plat principal car il était consommé par les plus pauvres. Sous son nom de karkadé-carcadet ou bissap, il est incontournable en boissons rafraîchissantes, ou infusions et en tisanes réputées pour ses multiples vertus. Mais le gombo entre dans une infinité de plats succulents. L'arbuste porte fleurs et feuilles comestibles, qui depuis la plus haute antiquité, entrent dans divers préparations médicinales.

La monarquia hispánica siempre tuvo gran interés por los puertos del norte de Cataluña a causa de su relevancia comercial, situados en medio del trayecto de la ruta de cabotaje que conducia a Francia y a Italia, y gracias a su particular situación estratégica cerca de la frontera francesa. Este breve artículo forma parte de un ambisioso trabajo dedicado a la obra de Mariano Ramón Sánchez, pintor de la corte de finales del siglo XVIII, y ofrece un análisis de las vistas de los puertos de Arenys, Sant Pol de Mar, Sant Feliu de Guíxols, Palamós i Roses pintados por este mismo autor por encargo de la corona, con aportaciones biográficas sobre su periplo por tierras catalanas entre los años 1787-1788.

Au XVIIIe siècle, la couleur émerge,  se déploie, s’impose : on vit dans une ambiance colorée et la vision colorée devient aussi une manière de penser le monde.
Dans ce contexte, qu’en est-il des liens qu’entretiennent les couleurs et les identités, sociales, sexuées et genrées ? Jusqu’à quel point peut-on parler de couleurs identitaires ?
Le présent numéro propose quelques pistes de réponse, en prenant en compte à la fois l’histoire matérielle et la représentation des couleurs au travers du lexique, des arts et de la littérature afin de mettre en relation les identités vécues et imaginées et d’en montrer l’influence réciproque.

The production of roses in Ecuador is an economic opportunity that has been increasing since the 1980&#39;s. Ecuador is the fourth country in the world with a comparative advantage in rose production. Its quality and variety of colors has positioned the Ecuadorian rose as one of the best in the world. The research aims to compare four control treatments of the red spider (Tetranychus spp). Three of them are controlled through biological control (Verticillium Lecanii), while one of them is through chemical control. It tries to identify which one is the most efficient and that has the greatest economic benefit when compared to the control costs of each treatment. The results show significant evidence on T4 (chemical control), which is not only the most efficient in controlling mites at all stages of development. Also, it proves to be the least costly and it therefore provides greater profitability to the company.

Poc abans de la invasió francesa de 1808 la costa catalana era un espai de perill constant, les veles dels corsaris amenaçaven les rutes marítimes. La bel·ligerància quasi permanent contra Anglaterra o França va propiciar que molts vaixells de Cadaqués, Roses, Palamós i Sant Feliu de Guíxols sol.licitessin llicències de cors. Els corsaris locals neutralitzaven incursions enemigues i protegien el comerç de cabotatge. Durant l'ocupació francesa canviaren les tornes i els ports de Roses i Palamós es convertiren en caus de corsaris francesos. El present article recull aquells fets i vicissituds que succeïren davant la nostra costa, protagonitzades per corsaris tant empordanesos com forans.

Tulips, Traders and Roses – Synopsis

The story of the tulip’s journey from Constantinople via Vienna to the Dutch Low Countries in the 16th century is well-known and documented. But why do we find Tulipa and other bulbous ornamental flowers such as Fritillaria imperialis, Hyacinthus, Muscari  growing from Anatolia across the plateau of Iran to Afghanistan to Central Asia and even the Himalayan foothills? “Silk Road” comes easily to mind, but this region has since over 15 centuries also been one of the main expansion routes of nomadic Turkic and Mongolian tribes originating in Central Asia.

The floral beauty of the steppes evidently accompanied the nomads and their rulers on their way to the west and south. Babur’s 16th century gardens in Afghanistan and Northern India are preserved in literature, if not actually. The clash of the Arab Islamic explosion with the mixed Persian-Turkish culture in Northern Iran and the Sogdiana basin in the 8th-10th  centuries had by then already resulted in a very specific garden culture, which moved west via Damascus, Egypt, Northern Africa to Andalusia and Sicily; later via Tabris, Anatolia to Istanbul.

The discovery of the trade route to India is often assigned to the Portuguese in the early 15th century, but they were only re-routing what had existed for centuries. Trade between the Roman Empire and India is documented, followed by actors such as Byzantium and Parthians on the land route, Venetians acting as interlocutors on the Mediterranean, Arab and Indian traders on the sea routes from the Malabar coast, along Oman and Aden down the east coast of Africa, even Chinese expeditions and traders to the West.

With this rich and long history of exchanges from China and India with the Islamic World and Europe, is it conceivable that Roses from the Orient appeared only in the late 18th and early 19th century in European gardens? We have to refocus our research to the edges of the European continent, along the ancient trade routes to find answers.

This paper summarizes the diversity of use for bush Roses in planting and garden design as both traditionally and contemporary. As a basic approach, it is evaluated that Roses are classified into two main categories according to their habit of growth-bush Roses and climbing Roses. In the study, bush Roses are reviewed ten main categories.

À partir du constat de l’univers coloré des contes, l’article fait l’histoire de cette colorisation spécifique au genre tel qu’il se fonde en France aux xviie et xviiie siècles. L’étude examine ainsi le passage d’un régime symbolique du conte où la couleur est d’abord une valeur à un régime purement visuel où le conte participe de la nouvelle culture visuelle qui se met en place dans la société mondaine à la même époque. On peut alors parler d’une véritable jouissance chromatique centrée autour du multicolore, du bleu et du vert. Enfin, l’article montre comment les contes deviennent également des discours sur la couleur et accompagnent le renouveau épistémologique de la couleur à l’époque des Lumières.



Starting from the observation of the colored universe of the tales, the article makes the history of this colorization specific to the genre such as it is founded in France in the 17th and 18th centuries. The study thus examines the transfer from a symbolic regime of the tale where the color is first of all a value to a purely visual regime where the tale participates in the new visual culture which is set up in the society at the same time. One can then speak of a real chromatic pleasure focused on the multicolor, the blue and the green. Finally, the article shows how the tales also become discourses on color and accompany the epistemological renewal of color during the Enlightenment.

Scots Roses are variants and hybrids of Rosa spinosissima with the foliage, habit and other characteristics of the wild species as it occurs in Scotland and other parts of north-west Europe. In Britain, they flower profusely for a few weeks in May or June. Single, semidouble and double cultivars were bred in a wide range of colours during the early 19 th century and at least 500 were in commerce by 1840. Most cultivars are sweetly scented.

Roses have an important place in the past, present and future human heritage environment - both tangible and intangible. Living rose cultivars are effectively ‘living artefacts’ but they may evoke complex emotional associations. They are the products of human intervention into the natural world, through selection of plants with ‘desirable’ features (e.g. distinctive flower colour, ‘doubling’ of petals, scent, attractive heps) from wild populations or cultivated assemblages and, sometimes, hybridization or other genetic modification.

Rose cultivars are vulnerable to changes in fashion. Whole classes of rose that were the height of fashion in the early 19th century (e.g. Scots Roses) were no longer commercially available from most nurseries by 1850. Even today, new roses that are ‘launched’ in a blaze of publicity one year are deleted from nursery stock after a few years - replaced by newer cultivars.

However, some old rose cultivars have been conserved through continuous active cultivation in gardens for hundreds of years, accidental survival in abandoned gardens or ‘escapes’. Many named rose cultivars that were illustrated and/or listed in early nursery catalogues and other sources are now endangered or extinct. Some may still survive unrecognized in old gardens or cemeteries around the world. Particular rose cultivars often form part of the local distinctiveness of an area’s old gardens. However, they are a heritage asset at risk, as old gardens are ‘modernized’ or succumb to building development and cemeteries suffer from 'corporate tidiness syndrome' or herbicide misuse.

Plant Heritage (NCCPG) in Britain, POM in Sweden and similar organisations in other countries record and conserve locally distinct and threatened cultivars by propagation, distribution, continued cultivation and education. However, the Covid-19 pandemic may cause the premature loss of individuals with expertise and threaten the financial security of conservation organisations and specialist nurseries.

The story of the tulip’s journey from Constantinople via Vienna to the Dutch Low Countries in the 16th century is well-known and documented. But why do we find Tulipa and other bulbous ornamental flowers such as Fritillaria imperialis, Hyacinthus, Muscari  growing from Anatolia across the plateau of Iran to Afghanistan to Central Asia and even the Himalayan foothills? “Silk Road” comes easily to mind, but this region has since over 15 centuries also been one of the main expansion routes of nomadic Turkic and Mongolian tribes originating in Central Asia.

The floral beauty of the steppes evidently accompanied the nomads and their rulers on their way to the west and south. Babur’s 16th century gardens in Afghanistan and Northern India are preserved in literature, if not actually. The clash of the Arab Islamic explosion with the mixed Persian-Turkish culture in Northern Iran and the Sogdiana basin in the 8th-10th  centuries had by then already resulted in a very specific garden culture, which moved west via Damascus, Egypt, Northern Africa to Andalusia and Sicily; later via Tabris, Anatolia to Istanbul.

The discovery of the trade route to India is often assigned to the Portuguese in the early 15th century, but they were only re-routing what had existed for centuries. Trade between the Roman Empire and India is documented, followed by actors such as Byzantium and Parthians on the land route, Venetians acting as interlocutors on the Mediterranean, Arab and Indian traders on the sea routes from the Malabar coast, along Oman and Aden down the east coast of Africa, even Chinese expeditions and traders to the West.

With this rich and long history of exchanges from China and India with the Islamic World and Europe, is it conceivable that Roses from the Orient appeared only in the late 18th and early 19th century in European gardens? We have to refocus our research to the edges of the European continent, along the ancient trade routes to find answers.

The research was conducted on five once-blooming different origin historical roses. The aims were establishing differences in the anatomical structure of shoots taken in four maturity stages and their natural ability to roots creating. There were hypothesized, that the changes in anatomical structure occur in the time of flowering and may affect the ability of rhizogenesis. Single node one leaf cuttings of chosen cultivars were cut from shoots in four maturity phases: flower buds closed, all flowers open, just after and 7-14 days after petal fall. The cuttings were planted in multipot trays in peat substrate without using rooting stimulators. The anatomical structure of shoots in the place of rhizogenesis were observed, the width of xylem layer and cambial zone, diameter of vascular cells were measured. The percentage of rooted cuttings and forming only a callus were counted. Adventitious roots appeared probably in the cambium zone, pith rays, and also in the zone of phloem and peri...

RESUMEN En la empresa DECO –FLOR, ubicada en Mulaló, Cotopaxi a 2 230 m.s.n.m., se realizó la evaluación de tres enraizadores hormonales (e 1 = Raizal 400, e 2 = Pilatus, e 3 = Rayziner) para la producción en el cultivo de rosa (Rosae sp.). Se utilizó un Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar dispuesto en un arreglo factorial de 2x3+3 adicionales (a 1 = Pilatus 0.62cc/litro + Raizal 4g/litro, a 2 = Raizyner 1.00 kg/litro, a 3 = Testigo Finca Materia Orgánica 100.00 kg/m 2) con cuatro repeticiones. La unidad experimental fue de 5.25m 2 y la parcela neta fue de 3.50 m 2. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Longitud de tallo, Velocidad de crecimiento, Producción de tallos, Longitud de raíz, Ancho y longitud del botón y Análisis Financiero. Entre los principales resultados se determinó que t 3 (Raizal, dosis alta 1.25 kg/ha) y t 4 (Pilatus, dosis baja 0.75kg/ha) alcanzaron las mayores alturas con 53.43 y 53.77 cm, respectivamente. Para la velocidad de crecimiento, t 3 (Raizal, dosis alta, 1.25 kg/ha) presentó el mejor promedio con 1.19cm/día. Para la producción de tallos fue t 7 (Pilatus 0.62cc/litro + Raizal 4g/litro) la que alcanzó la mejor respuesta con 169.82 tallos/m 2 y para longitud de raíz, el mejor tratamiento fue t 2 (Raizal, dosis media 1.00 kg/litro) con 56.91 cm. El análisis financiero estableció que los mejores tratamientos son los que incluyen el enraizador e 2 (Pilatus), los cuales alcanzan una relación Beneficio/Costo de 3.20 en todas sus dosis. SUMMARY In the company DECO-FLOR, located in Mulaló, Cotopaxi 2230 m, was evaluated three rooting hormone (e 1 = Raizal 400, e 2 = Pilatus, e 3 = Rayziner) for crop production in the pink (Rosa sp.). Design We used a Randomized Complete Blocks arranged in a 2x3 factorial arrangement of additional +3 (a 1 = Pilatus Raizal 0.62cc + 4g, a 2 = Raizyner 1.00 kg/ha, a 3 = Witness Finca 100.00 kg/ha) four replications. The experimental unit was 5.25m 2 and the net was 3.50 m 2. The variables evaluated were: stem height, speed growth, production of stems, root length and Financial Analysis. Among the main findings was determined that t 3 (Raizal, high dose 1.25 kg /ha) and t 4 (Pilatus, 750cc/ha low dose) reached greater heights with 53.43 and 53.77 cm respectively. Growth rate for t 3 (Raizal, high dose, 1.25 kg /ha) had the best average with 1.19cm/día. For the production of stem t 7 (Pilatus Raizal 0.62cc/liter + 4g/liter) achieved the best response stems 169.82 / m 2 and root length was the best treatment t 2 (Raizal, average dose 1.00 kg/ha) to 56.91 cm. The

A story about the magical Pimpinell Rose (Rosa spinosissima) - based on different French and Walloon versions of the Ardennes folktale 'La Rose Pimprenelle' - retold by the author. Followed by a short account of the story's origins and place in the history of such folktales.

The use of methyl jasmonate has demonstrated its efficiency to extend the vase life of cut flowers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate associated with storage at low temperatures on the postharvest quality of Rosa cv. Avalanche stems. The treatments consisted of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μM of methyl jasmonate, besides the control with distilled water. The flower buds were sprayed with 4 mL of the solution, according to the treatments, and then kept in a cold chamber (1 °C) for periods of 2 and 6 days. Subsequently, the stems were taken to the postharvest laboratory at a temperature of 16 °C. Better quality, higher fresh weight and water absorption were observed in flower stems stored for 2 days. The application of methyl jasmonate caused less turgescence and greater darkening of roses. It was possible to conclude that two days is the best storage time at 1 °C and the use of methyl jasmonate does not maintain the quality of roses cv. Avalanche af...

Selon la définition de l’UNESCO « on entend par patrimoine culturel immatériel les
pratiques, les représentations, les connaissances et le savoir-faire, ainsi que les
instruments, objets, artefacts et espaces culturels qui leur sont associés, que les
communautés, les groupes et, le cas échéant, les individus reconnaissent comme
faisant partie de leur patrimoine culturel. Ce patrimoine culturel immatériel,
Transmis de génération en génération est recréé en permanence par les
communautés et groupes en fonction de leurs milieux, de leur interaction avec la
nature et de leur histoire, et leur procure un sentiment d’identité et de continuité,
contribuant ainsi à promouvoir le respect de la diversité culturelle et la créativité
Humaine »

Jean Renart's romance, written in the early 13th century, is a particularly lively version of the Old French wager tale, where two men bet on the virtue of a woman. In this version, an elaborate network of metaphors for virginity, honor, and identity (roses, coins, and gold seals) results in a complex process of erotic negotiation and exchange, leading to the resolution of the drama.

These are three texts in this book comprising of a translation into Lusoga of the 23 commandments of marriage, an original poem marriage and a speech by Naimanhe. The book is written for use in school and specially designed to answer some of the gender issues surrounding the differences and relationships between men and women, husbands and wives, girls and boys. It is shared on valentine's to enable readers associate this festival to their own lives and the embedded commandments of love.

Medieval miracle tales, by definition, make manifest to a doubting world the presence of the divine. They evidence they offer of heavenly intervention is usually visual and often tangible; depending on the requirements of the story, this evidence may acquire permanent form, sometimes attaining the status of relic. Marian miracles offer a particularly rich variety of visible proofs; among the most popular of these tales are those in which a penitent's prayers are transformed into flowers -- visible signs of the Virgin's approval. In one such tale, Li Miracles del capiel de roses, a devout monk, threatened with bodily harm, is saved by reciting aves that become roses. The flowers are gathered by the Virgin, who ties them into a garland. In the unique manuscript version of this story, the scribe has transcribed this dramatic scene around a long sewn tear in the parchment, perhaps an early representation of a rosary cord.

The use of methyl jasmonate has demonstrated its efficiency to extend the vase life of cut flowers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate associated with storage at low temperatures on the postharvest quality of Rosa cv. Avalanche stems. The treatments consisted of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μM of methyl jasmonate, besides the control with distilled water. The flower buds were sprayed with 4 mL of the solution, according to the treatments, and then kept in a cold chamber (1 °C) for periods of 2 and 6 days. Subsequently, the stems were taken to the postharvest laboratory at a temperature of 16 °C. Better quality, higher fresh weight and water absorption were observed in flower stems stored for 2 days. The application of methyl jasmonate caused less turgescence and greater darkening of roses. It was possible to conclude that two days is the best storage time at 1 °C and the use of methyl jasmonate does not maintain the quality of roses cv. Avalanche af...

The use of methyl jasmonate has demonstrated its efficiency to extend the vase life of cut flowers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate associated with storage at low temperatures on the postharvest quality of Rosa cv. Avalanche stems. The treatments consisted of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μM of methyl jasmonate, besides the control with distilled water. The flower buds were sprayed with 4 mL of the solution, according to the treatments, and then kept in a cold chamber (1 °C) for periods of 2 and 6 days. Subsequently, the stems were taken to the postharvest laboratory at a temperature of 16 °C. Better quality, higher fresh weight and water absorption were observed in flower stems stored for 2 days. The application of methyl jasmonate caused less turgescence and greater darkening of roses. It was possible to conclude that two days is the best storage time at 1 °C and the use of methyl jasmonate does not maintain the quality of roses cv. Avalanche af...

The research was conducted on five once-blooming different origin historical roses. The aims were establishing differences in the anatomical structure of shoots taken in four maturity stages and their natural ability to roots creating. There were hypothesized, that the changes in anatomical structure occur in the time of flowering and may affect the ability of rhizogenesis. Single node one leaf cuttings of chosen cultivars were cut from shoots in four maturity phases: flower buds closed, all flowers open, just after and 7-14 days after petal fall. The cuttings were planted in multipot trays in peat substrate without using rooting stimulators. The anatomical structure of shoots in the place of rhizogenesis were observed, the width of xylem layer and cambial zone, diameter of vascular cells were measured. The percentage of rooted cuttings and forming only a callus were counted. Adventitious roots appeared probably in the cambium zone, pith rays, and also in the zone of phloem and pericycle. The anatomic structure of shoots changes during the period of flowering and influences rooting percentage and the percent of cuttings which developed callus only. The width of the cambium layer of shoots influences the width of the wood layer in all cultivars. The rise of width of cambium tissue have an effect of increase of percentage of cuttings forming a callus only in 'Hurdals' and 'Maiden's Blush'. The width of the cambium layer in shoots enlarges during full blooming in four of the studied cultivars ('Hurdals', 'Maiden's Blush', 'Mousseuse Rouge', 'Semiplena') and in one it stays at the same level for the whole duration of the experiment ('Duchesse d'Angoulême'). The specifying in practice the period of taking rose cuttings, individual properties of cultivars and phenological phase of shoot should be taken into consideration.