Resonance

This paper describes a five-visit heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback protocol we have used both clinically and in research. This protocol was refined in a study of biofeedback therapy for treating asthma. Similar, longer methods have been used for treating various conditions involving pain, anxiety, depression, and other psychophysiological disorders.

Details are given on a method of tuning a hydrogen maser cavity by means of a variable capacitance diode placed in a loop directly inside the cavity. The design of the loop-in which the varactor is placed, the loop connection to an external dc bias, and a theoretical analysis of the whole loop system (cavity, tuning loop, and coupling loop) are also given.

Purpose
We evaluated objective, auditive perceptual and subjective changes in the voices of children who underwent resonance voice therapy to treat vocal fold nodules.
Methods
We included 30 children with vocal fold nodules. All were evaluated prior to therapy and 6 and 8 weeks after therapy commenced via acoustic voice analysis, the grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain (GRBAS) scale, and the Turkish version of the pediatric voice handicap index. Fundamental frequency, jitter, and shimmer were recorded. The results were compared.
Results
The overall success rate was 86%. All data acquired before therapy differed significantly from those obtained after therapy.
Conclusion
Resonance voice therapy is effective for children with vocal fold nodules.

A method is investigated to directly engineer the voltage swing in SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITDs). Voltage swing, defined here as the voltage difference between the peak voltage and the projected peak voltage, is independent of series resistance, and thus directly impacts the noise margin in hybrid tunnel diode memory and logic applications. The three components of the total RITD current are analyzed to describe the voltage swing. The dependence of voltage swing on -doping concentrations and post-growth annealing temperatures in SiGe RITDs grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (LT-MBE) is investigated and the experimental results are compared with a theoretical analysis. Techniques to increase the voltage swing are discussed.

Absiruct4alculated data are presented on the performance of printed antenna elements on substrates which may be electrically thick, as would he the case for printed antennas at millimeter wave frequeneies. Prioted dipoles and microstrip patch antennas on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), quartz, abd gallium arsenide substrate are considered. Data are given for resonant length, resoriant resistance, bahdwidth, loss due to surface waves, loss due to dielectric heating, and mutual coupling. A h presented is an optimizatidn procedure for maximizing or minimizing power launched into surface waves from a multielemerit printed antenna array. The data are calculated by a moment method solution.

He is currently in Jain University, Bangalore. He continues to teach and do research. His work is in the area of organosilicon chemistry, synthetic and mechanistic organic chemistry, and claycatalysed organic reactions (Green Chemistry). Alchemists developed and used many apparatus, instruments and experimental procedures that may be considered as the forerunners of their modern counterparts. According to phlogiton theory, a colourless, odourless and weightless substance called 'phlogiston' is present in all materials and it is given off when they are burnt. The remaining ash was 'dephlogisticated' material and considered to be the element.

This paper aims to develop and validate an ANSYS finite element model to predict both the cured shape and snap-through of unsymmetric bistable laminates actuated by piezoelectric macro fibre composites attached to the laminate. To fully describe piezoelectric actuation the three dimensional compliance [s ij ], piezoelectric [d ij ] and relative permittivity [ε ij ] matrices were formulated for the macro fibre actuator. The deflection of an actuated isotropic aluminium beam was then modelled and compared to experimental measurements to validate the data. The model was then extended to bistable laminates actuated using macro fibre composites. Model results were compared to experimental measurements of laminate profile (shape) and snap-through voltage. The modelling approach is an important intermediate step toward enabling design of shape-changing structures based on bistable laminates.

We observe the appearance of Fano resonances in the optical response of plasmonic nanocavities due to the coherent coupling between their superradiant and subradiant plasmon modes. Two reduced-symmetry nanostructures probed via confocal spectroscopy, a dolmen-style slab arrangement and a ring/disk dimer, clearly exhibit the strong polarization and geometry dependence expected for this behavior at the individual nanostructure level, confirmed by full-field electrodynamic analysis of each structure. In each case, multiple Fano resonances occur as structure size is increased.

This letter finds the relation between different parameters that characterize the reverberation chamber as a channel emulator for over-the-air (OTA) testing of wireless devices and components. It is shown experimentally for the first time that the coherence bandwidth is proportional to the average mode bandwidth of the chamber. Both coherence bandwidth and average mode bandwidth increase when the chamber is loaded with absorbing objects, and thereby, the reverberation chamber can be controlled to emulate many different real-life environments. The relationship between RMS delay spread and coherence bandwidth are found from the measured channel response and are equal to the theoretical relation for isotropic multipath environments, being within previously published fundamental limits.

A simple method for accurately measuring the birefringence of a ring resonator waveguide using its resonant characteristics is presented. A measurement accuracy of 1 10 6 is observed. This approach is then used to measure the effect of thermal annealing on the level of birefringence in an ion-exchanged waveguide.

The electromagnetic interaction governs many aspects of our daily lives. Although the unity of the electric and the magnetic phenomena is established through Maxwell's theory, it is not adequately emphasized in most of the courses on electrodynamics that the electric interaction together with the special theory of relativity provides a firm basis for magnetism, which follows as a natural consequence. In this article is reported a computer simulation of trajectories of charged particles in electromagnetic fields as observed from different inertial frames of references. An examination of these trajectories offers a vivid illustration of charged particle dynamics in electromagnetic fields and reveals the relationship between the electromagnetic interaction and the special theory of relativity.

Quantum logic gates require qubits that can interact strongly with each other and with external fields while minimizing unwanted coupling to the decohering environment. Neutral atoms trapped in a far-off resonance optical lattice satisfy these criteria. The adjustable parameters of the lattice (e.g., laser polarization, frequency, intensity) allow one to design interactions for which atoms interact strongly via dipole-dipole interactions

We report an ultracompact label-free biosensor that uses a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based measurement system for the characterization of biomolecular interactions. It consists of a VCSEL, a plastic guided-mode resonant filter, and two p-in detectors. The system has demonstrated very high sensitivity to molecules on top of the sensor.

Subband all-pole modelling is a flexible, scalable, and powerful approach for parsimoniously modelling rational transfer functions. Its advantage lies in its ability to model frequency bands independently of one another, thereby resulting in lower model orders in each subband and an overall reduction in the required number of parameters. To alleviate discontinuities in the spectrum at subband boundaries, it is necessary to increase slightly the computational complexity of the problem by incorporating continuity constraints. Previous solutions for implementing these constraints have been formulated for mathematical tractability and convenience; however, they are approximate and introduce modelling artifacts. This paper outlines an exact solution to the constrained modelling problem by using Lagrangian multipliers. The modelling results improve on the approximate formulations previously published.

This paper presents a micromagnetoelastic sensor array for simultaneously monitoring multiple biological agents. Magnetoelastic sensors, made of low-cost amorphous ferromagnetic ribbons, are analogous and complementary to piezoelectric acoustic wave sensors, which track parameters of interest via changes in resonance behavior. Magnetoelastic sensors are excited with magnetic ac fields, and, in turn, they generate magnetic fluxes that can be detected with a sensing coil from a distance. As a result, these sensors are highly attractive, not only due to their small size and low cost, but also because of their passive and wireless nature. Magnetoelastic sensors have been applied for monitoring pressure, temperature, liquid density, and viscosity, fluid flow velocity and direction, and with chemical/biological responsive coatings that change mass or elasticity, various biological and chemical agents. In this paper, we report the fabrication and application of a six-sensor array for simultaneous measurement of Escherichia coli O157:H7, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and ricin. In addition, the sensor array also monitors temperature and pH so the measurements are independent from these two parameters.

The relation between the near-field and far-field properties of plasmonic nanostructures that exhibit Fano resonances is investigated in detail. We show that specific features visible in the asymmetric lineshape far-field response of such structures originate from particular polarization distributions in their near-field. In particular we extract the central frequency and width of plasmonic Fano resonances and show that they cannot be directly found from far-field spectra. We also address the effect of the modes coupling onto the frequency, width, asymmetry and modulation depth of the Fano resonance. The methodology described in this article should be useful to analyze and design a broad variety of Fano plasmonic systems with tailored near-field and far-field spectral properties.

This paper describes a five-visit heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback protocol we have used both clinically and in research. This protocol was refined in a study of biofeedback therapy for treating asthma. Similar, longer methods have been used for treating various conditions involving pain, anxiety, depression, and other psychophysiological disorders.

SUMMARY A batch-compatible, post-fabrication annealing technique based upon filament-like heating of microstructures is demon-strated as an effective means for trimming the reSonance fre-quencies (fa's) and increasing the quality factors (Q's) of surface-micromachined, ...

Soils contain enormous numbers of diverse living organisms assembled in complex and varied communities. Microscopic examination of a soil sample reveals the presence of billions of organisms like nematodes, protozoa, fungi, algae, actinomycetes, bacteria and cyanobacteria. These diverse organisms interact in the ecosystem, forming a complex web of biological activity. Environmental factors, such as temperature, moisture and acidity, as well as human activities such as agricultural and forestry management practices, affect soil biological communities and their functions. Soil biology is an interesting area of soil research and has yielded considerable information that is used in soil fertility management.

Near resonance sloshing in containers, filled with a liquid to a given depth h, depends on three parameters, which are the viscous damping, the frequency offset that contains the forcing amplitude and the fluid depth. Experiments have been conducted with low-viscosity liquids mainly in circular cylindrical containers of radius R subjected to harmonic horizontal forcing; complementary experiments on wave breaking have been performed in a square-base container. The fluid depth was kept large (h/R > 1) so that it was no longer a variable parameter. The bounds of existence of the different wave regimes, namely planar waves, swirling waves, chaotic sloshing as well as breaking waves, have been determined as a function of forcing frequencies relative to the lowest natural frequency ω1 and for a wide range of forcing amplitudes. It is shown that when the forcing frequency ω is slightly larger than the lowest natural frequency ω1, planar wave motion bifurcates to a swirling wave mode at ...

This paper overviews theoretical and practical design issues related to inductive power transfer systems and verifies the developed theory using a practical electric vehicle battery charger. The design focuses on the necessary approaches to ensure power transfer over the complete operating range of the system. As such, a new approach to the design of the primary resonant circuit is proposed, whereby deviations from design expectations due to phase or frequency shift are minimized. Of particular interest are systems that are neither loosely nor tightly coupled. The developed solution depends on the selected primary and secondary resonant topologies, the magnetic coupling coefficient, and the secondary quality factor.

What is the nature of the force or mechanism that moves massive continents thousands of miles across? What causes violent earthquakes to displace huge landmasses abruptly? How could great mountain ranges like Himalayas and Alps rise to such incredible heights? What makes earth's interior so restless? Answers to some of these questions may lie in understanding the Earth's interior itself.

Equivalent static wind load evaluation formulas considering the dynamic effects based on peak factor were proposed to estimate the design wind load on the wind turbine tower in complex terrain. The non-linear part of wind pressure was considered to estimate the mean wind loads. The peak factor based on a non-Gaussian assumption was derived to estimate the non-linearity of wind load, especially in the high turbulence intensity. The formula of the peak factor is simplified to a function of the third order moment (skewness) considering the spatial correlation of wind velocity, the resonance response and the background response. The proposed methods showed favorable agreements with dynamic wind response analysis by FEM.

Abstruct-Acoustic noise emission from PWM-VSI inverter driven induction motors is a well-known problem. The generated noise depends mainly on two factors: the harmonic content of the supply voltage waveform and the mechanical resonance frequencies of the induction motor. It is necessary to know the mechanical resonances to optimize the switching scheme of the inverter to reduce the noise emission. Measuring the resonance frequencies is normally a laborious process. This paper introduces a new method for estimating the mechanical resonances from acoustic noise measurements. Employing random modulation of the output voltage of the inverter, the voltage spectrum can be spread over a wide frequency range. Using the spectrum analysis of the measured acoustic noise, the resonances can easily be estimated as the dominant frequencies of the acoustic noise spectrum. The method was tested on a 2.2-kW induction motor at no load and full load. Some of the mechanical resonances of the motor at no load were calculated by the Holzer method. The calculations showed good agreement with the sound measurements.

Current theories from biosocial (e.g.: the role of neurotransmitters in behavioral features), ecological (e.g.: cultural, political, and institutional conditions), and interpersonal (e.g.: attachment) perspectives have grounded interpersonal and romantic relationships in normative social experiences. However, these theories have not been developed to the point of providing a solid theoretical understanding of the dynamics present in interpersonal and romantic relationships, and integrative theories are still lacking. In this paper, mathematical models are use to investigate the dynamics of interpersonal and romantic relationships, which are examined via ordinary and stochastic differential equations, in order to provide insight into the behaviors of love. The analysis starts with a deterministic model and progresses to nonlinear stochastic models capturing the stochastic rates and factors (e.g.: ecological factors, such as historical, cultural and community conditions) that affect proximal experiences and shape the patterns of relationship. Numerical examples are given to illustrate various dynamics of interpersonal and romantic behaviors (with emphasis placed on sustained oscillations, and transitions between locally stable equilibria) that are observable in stochastic models (closely related to real interpersonal dynamics), but absent in deterministic models.

The goal of this work is to compile the basic components for the construction of an electromagnetic field theory of consciousness that meets the standards of a fundamental theory. An essential cornerstone of the conceptual framework is the vacuum state of quantum electrodynamics which, contrary to the classical notion of the vacuum, can be viewed as a vibrant ocean of energy, termed zero-point field (ZPF). Being the fundamental substrate mediating the electromagnetic force, the ubiquitous ZPF constitutes the ultimate bedrock of all electromagnetic phenomena. In particular, resonant interaction with the ZPF is critical for understanding rapidly forming, long-range coherent activity patterns that are characteristic of brain dynamics. Assuming that the entire phenomenal color palette is rooted in the vibrational spectrum of the ZPF and that each normal mode of the ZPF is associated with an elementary shade of consciousness, it stands to reason that conscious states are caused by the coupling of the brain to a particular set of normal modes selectively filtered from the full frequency spectrum of the ZPF. From this perspective, the brain is postulated to function as a resonant oscillator that couples to a specific range of ZPF modes, using these modes as a keyboard for the composition of an enormous variety of phenomenal states. Theoretical considerations suggest that the brain-ZPF interface is controlled by altering the concentrations of neurotransmitters, placing the detailed study of the neurotransmitter-ZPF interaction at the center of future research activities.

A numerical study based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, as applied to nonlinear resonant standing waves excited directly by a wavemaker in a rectangular tank, is presented. The stationary solutions of the problem serve as a starting point of the investigation. Bifurcations from a single steady state to multiple stationary solutions are obtained for several values of damping coefficients along the tank and at the wavemaker. The stability of the latter solutions is tested. Limit-cycle or fixed-point solutions are obtained. The results of the numerical study are discussed in connection with experimental data. The necessity of incorporation of dissipation at the wavemaker in the theoretical model in order to obtain qualitative agreement with experiment is demonstrated.

One word for the Devil is 'Diabolos', the divider, the splitter-into-fragments. Healing likewise has always been associated with integration, integrity and becoming whole. From ncient times to the present, artistic performance in all its variety has been connected to healing of self and community and yet a recurrent question arises, 'What are the arts for?'. A less than concrete answer to this question appears to justify reducing or eliminating funding to arts-related programs whenever fi nancial crisis occurs. This paper explores the evolutionary signifi cance of trauma, dissociation, and the human brain and raises the possibility that the evolutionary selection of artistic performance is as a primary integrating mechanism for traumatized individuals and groups, without which human beings may not be able to fully heal.

Observation of human-induced large-amplitude lateral vibration of an actual pedestrian bridge in an extremely congested condition is reported. Walking motions of pedestrians recorded by a video camera are analysed. It is found that walking among 20 per cent or more of the pedestrians on the bridge was synchronized to the girder lateral vibration. With this synchronization, the total lateral force from the pedestrians to the girder is evidently increased and it acts as a resonant force on the girder lateral vibration. 1 Hz [Figure l(b)]. The magnitude of the lateral force from human walk, however, is smaller by one order than the vertical force, as shown in Figure 1(b)2. Nevertheless, it should be noted that human-induced lateral 1.5-2.3 Hz.

The article is devoted to development and research of half-wave ultrasonic oscillatory systems (UOS) combining the piezoelectric transducer and stepradial concentrator with the mushroom-like working tool. The technique of engineering calculation and modeling technique of created UOS are considered, permitting to define the key parameters of UOS.

Many researchers have studied a wide range of nonlinear equations of motion describing a ship rolling in waves. In this study, a form of nonlinear equation governing the motion of a rolling ship subjected to synchronous beam waves is suggested and solved by the generalized Duffing's method in the frequency domain. Various representations of damping and restoring terms found in the literature are investigated and their solutions are analyzed by the abovementioned method. Comparative results of nonlinear roll responses are obtained for four distinct vessel types at resonance conditions which constitute the worst situation. The results indicate the importance of roll damping and restoring, when constructing a nonlinear roll model. An inappropriate selection of damping and restoring terms may lead to serious discrepancies with reality, especially in peak roll amplitudes.

A cantilever based Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) for mass detection is presented. The sensor for multiple detections is composed by several cantilevers integrated monolithically with CMOS. Cantilevers are excited electrostatically to its resonance frequency. The oscillation of the cantilever is detected by a capacitive detection technique. Mass variation is detected by resonance frequency shifting.

A composite self-excited PZT-glass cantilever (4 mm in length and 2 mm wide) was fabricated and used to measure the binding and unbinding of model proteins. A key feature of the cantilever is that its resonant frequency is dependent on its mass. The fabricated cantilever has mass change sensitivity in liquid of 7.2 × 10−11 g/Hz. Resonant frequency change was measured as protein reacted or bound with the sensing glass cantilever surface. Protein concentrations, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL, which resulted in nanogram mass change were successfully detected. The mass change sensitivity gave a total mass change of 54 ± 0.45 ng for the binding of anti-rabbit IgG (biotin conjugated) to rabbit IgG immobilized cantilever and the subsequent binding of captavidin. The unbinding of anti-rabbit IgG and captavidin gave a total mass change of 54 ± 1.70 ng. Fluorescence based assays showed the combined mass of both proteins in the released samples was 54 ± 2.24 ng. The binding kinetics of the model proteins is modeled as first order. The initial binding rate constant of anti-rabbit IgG to rabbit IgG was 1.36 ± 0.02 (min (mg/mL))−1. The initial binding rate constant of captavidin to biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG was (2.57 × 10−1) ± 0.003 (min (mg/mL))−1. The significance of the results we report here is that millimeter-sized PZT-actuated glass cantilevers have the sensitivity to measure in real-time protein–protein binding, and the binding rate constant.

The detection of concealed weapons at a distance is a critical security issue that has been a great challenge for different imaging approaches. In this paper we discuss the use of ultrasonics in a novel way to probe for metallic and non-metallic materials under clothing. ...

The aim of this work on tumour-immune system (T-IS) interaction is to assess the effect of delays concerning the stimulation of the immune system by tumour cells, as well as the interplay between antitumour immunotherapies and delays. After defining a new family of super-macroscopic models for the T-IS interaction, we introduce a constant delay in the proliferation of immune effectors. We then investigate, both analytically and by means of simulations, the stability of equilibria and the onset of sustained oscillations through Hopf bifurcations. Both constant and exponentially distributed lags are considered. In particular, in the case of periodically varying immunotherapies we show that nonlinear resonances and chaos may arise, although for parameters slightly outside the range of biological realism.

Two types of modified dipole antennas, zigzag and meander-line types, are analyzed and the shortening ratios are calculated. A zigzag dipole antenna with a wire length of 0.58 wavelengths has a shortening ratio of 24 percent with a resonant resistance of 46 n. A meander-line dipole antenna with a wire length of 0.70 wavelengths has a shortening ratio of 30 percent with a resonant resistance of 43 0. It is found that the radiation patterns of these two types of antennas are similar to the radiation pattern of a conventional half-wave linear dipole antenna.

This paper describes the state of the art in land mine detection technology and algorithms. Landmine detection is a growing concern due to the danger of buried landmines to people's lives, economic growth and development. Most of the injured people have no connection with the reason why the mines were placed. There are 50-100 million landmines in more than 80 countries around the world. Deactivation is estimated at 100 000 mines per year, against the nearly 2 million mines laid annually. In this paper we describe and analyse sensor technology available including state-of-the-art technology such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic induction (EMI) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) among others. Robotics, data processing and algorithms are mentioned, considering support vectors, sensor fusion, neural networks, etc. Finally, we establish conclusions highlighting the need to improve not only the way images are acquired, but the way this information is processed and compared.

Wireless Power transmission is the transfer of electrical power from a power source to an electrical load without using discrete manmade conductors. The reason for going to wireless power transfer system is to provide reliable power transmission at low cost and to make life more comfortable. This wireless power transmission system is completely eco-friendly and efficient. Just imagine the future with wireless power where in there will be no need of power cables and no need to plug in the electrical devices to the electric sockets for charging which brings a profound change in the society. The core technology used in the wireless power transmission system is Inductive coupling through magnetic fields. An Impedance compensating circuit is also used to achieve maximum power transfer. The core technology is similar to those found in transformers, except primary and secondary windings are physically separated and tuned to resonate for increasing their magnetic coupling. These magnetic field generated by the primary coil is arranged to interact vigorously with matched secondary windings where the load is connected.