Pula

u Puli… 71 JOSHUA KALČIĆ Pula SUBKULTURE MLADIH U PULI: OD PUNKA DO RASAPA ALTERNATIVNE SCENE Pula je grad bogate (sub)kulturne povijesti koja se može pratiti već od pedesetih godina dvadesetog stoljeća, no rad počinje s 1977. godinom, kad fenomen punka obilježava prekretnicu ne samo u pojavi subkultura mladih već i u njihovom znanstvenom proučavanju. Takav pristup omogućava da se, s određenim vremenskim odmakom, valorizira i katalogizira stanje subkulturnih stilova u Puli u usporedbi sa subkulturama mladih u drugim urbanim središtima, dominantnom kulturom te, longitudinalno, stanjem prvog desetljeća drugoga milenija, kad je subkulturna scena u Puli očito siromašnija nego nekoć.

With a detailed analysis and a critical review of former perceptions regarding the secondary use of the Temple of Augustus in Pula through the centuries, and the presentation of previously unreleased documents, we follow the social, actual and architectural transformation of the temple from an Early Christian church, dwelling house, town granary, lapidarium, to a museum. At the same time certain observations or historical interpretations from the past have been corrected. In the middle of the 18 th century Pula's ancient monuments became an unavoidable object of interest to many researchers of antiquity: architects, archaeologists and painters. Thus, in addition to written materials, historical sources from the field of fine arts also figure prominently in the study of the Temple of Augustus.

Uz detaljnu analizu i kritičko preispitivanje dosadašnjih spoznaja o sekundarnoj namjeni Augustovog hrama u Puli kroz stoljeća, kao i uz prezentiranje dosad neobjavljenih dokumenata, prati se društvena, namjenska i arhitektonska preobrazba hrama od ranokršćanske crkve preko stambene zgrade, gradskog fontika pa lapidarija do muzeja. Pritom se ispravljaju pojedina dosadašnja opažanja ili povijesna tumačenja. Sredinom 18. stoljeća pulski antički spomenici postaju nezaobilazan predmet interesa mnogih proučavatelja antike: arhitekata, arheologa i slikara. Samim time su nezaobilazno povijesno vrelo za proučavanje Augustovog hrama-osim pisanih-i likovni povijesni izvori.

Presented in this work are fibulae unearthed in the zone surrounding the temple of Hercules located in the vicinity of the freshwater spring. These fibulae were discovered either in
the untouched layers on the slopes of a hillock at Pula, or in alayer of fill that served as a base for a drainage layer consisting of amphorae, which was erected in the third quarter of the 1
st
century BC. These fibulae encompass a period of time from the 6th to the middle of the 1
st
century BC. They were typologically
determined, and each type is accompanied by data regarding
its phases of existence, as well as location. The spread of most types was shown with the help of a chart. The possibility that a prehistoric sanctuary existed in the area around the freshwater spring even before the erection of Hercules’ temple was likewise explored.

Bila je carska kćerka i sestra. Bila je supruga cara i majka trojice careva. Njena životna priča je i pored toga imala mračan i zastrašujući završetak. Poslednji dani carice Fauste deo su nerazrešene istorijske misterije koja je do danas ostala jedna od najbolje čuvanih tajni dvora Konstantina Velikog.

This work deals with stone beds, the role and basic characteristics of stone during the building of monumental Roman amphitheaters on the eastern Adriatic coast (Pola, Iader, Burnum and Salona). This work pays particular attention to the dichotomy of the uses and utilitarianism of this stone, which it assumes in the antique, and the post antique time.
The state of Roman amphitheaters during the time when gladiatorial fights no longer existed is particularly interesting; they became free quarries serving for the construction of numerous buildings in the areas around them. Therefore, it is not surprising that a good part of the quality stone was transported, for instance, in the area of present day Venice. It is also worth mentioning that the Venetian government sometimes paid their officials in stone from Solin.
Besides these quarries, certain architectural characteristics and various interesting facts, this paper also presents a chronological review of the transformation and adaptation of the afore mentioned Roman buildings. The passing of certain historical periods caused, or rather resulted in them getting different functions, through valorization and the significance of the Roman amphitheaters on the eastern Adriatic coast, beginning at the period of the Late Antique – Early Christianity, and lasting to the beginning of the 17th century. In this manner, certain Roman amphitheatres on the eastern Adriatic coast turned into memorial chapels, forts, defensive city walls, or, into free quarries.