Profession

Abstract
Alejandro de la Sota begins thus his brief and concise report on the housing block at Prior Street (Salamanca, Spain, 1963) and closes with a "without further aspiration for innovation".
The architect’s attitude towards the inhabiting phenomenon is first urged on - as in many other projects - by normality and modesty but his existential acuity identifies immediately:
- the key issues of the project that ennoble the fact of inhabiting with other citizens: the double scale, home and city, the need for looking and for seeing the others, the creation of intermediate spaces for "spending time in them" while being almost invisible;
- the limitations that he has: the strange geometry of the plot, split in two on both sides of the corner, the narrowness of the street, the regulatory imposition of a material such as Villamayor´s stone;
- the formal abstraction as a strategy from which the timely and necessary innovations emerge: the light bulb bay window, which seems to disappear when used; the stone façade, carved in the traditional way with adze and dry joint but showed as a modern abstraction through two subtle and complex operations: the trimming defined by the bay windows on the stone façades and the fact that they sit in cantilever on "a single glass" of the ground floor.
Within this research work we have drawn a parallel with the thought process that Sota describes in the known drawings, made a posteriori, on the project process of the Gobierno Civil in Tarragona, from the recognition of normal answers to the issue, the definition of the specific problem of the project set out, in this case the particular and tense relationship between house, street and the "need for looking" and, finally, the justification of the need for focusing the innovation on those tiny bay windows.
The bay window, recognised as a subject specific to our architect, and present in works within different programs and at different levels, gains here sophistication through building the constructive detail allowing him perhaps the closest moment to the light bulb effect, as it was defined by the architect. His attitude is linked to an early work, the vernacular fenced bay windows at the village of Esquivel (Seville) (1952-56), technically not at all related to the Prior Street housing, but that shows a similar need for creating effective spaces to spend time in them and intermediate spaces between the home and the street.
The Sota´s attitude towards looking, perceiving and inhabiting the space seems to gather ontological concerns that were present, not only in architecture, in the 1950s and 1960s. These concerns, as a methodological source, as well as other architect’s works, have been useful in our research work on the reasons for materializing the idea of inhabiting on this particular residential and urban project.

Resumen
Así empieza Alejandro de la Sota su breve y sintética memoria del Bloque de Viviendas en Calle Prior (Salamanca, 1963)  para rematar la frase con un “sin mayores pretensiones de novedad”.
Normalidad y modestia espolean inicialmente, como en tantos otros proyectos, la actitud del arquitecto sobre el fenómeno de habitar y  cuya agudeza existencial desgrana:
- los temas claves del proyecto que subliman el habitar con los otros ciudadanos: la doble escala de la casa y la ciudad, la necesidad de mirar y ver a los otros, la creación de espacios intermedios para “estar tiempo en ellos” y que sean casi invisibles.
- las limitaciones que se encuentra: la extraña geometría del solar, partido en dos a ambos lados de la esquina, la estrechez de la calle, la imposición normativa de un material como la piedra de Villamayor.
- la abstracción formal como estrategia desde la que emergen las innovaciones necesarias y oportunas: el mirador-bombilla, cuya forma parece desaparecer cuando entra en uso; la fachada de piedra, labrada al modo tradicional con azuela y junta seca pero que se nos presenta como abstracción moderna con dos sutiles y complejas operaciones: el recorte que los miradores definen en los lienzos de piedra y que estos descansan en voladizo sobre “un solo vidrio” de la planta baja.
En la investigación que hemos realizado sobre estos temas, hemos establecido un paralelismo con el proceso de pensamiento que Sota describe en los conocidos dibujos, realizados a posteriori, sobre el proceso de proyecto del Gobierno Civil de Tarragona, desde el reconocimiento de respuestas normales al tema, la definición del problema específico del proyecto que se enuncia, en este caso la particular y tensa relación entre la casa, la calle y la “necesidad de mirar” y, finalmente, la justificación de la necesidad de concentrar la innovación en esos minúsculos miradores.
El mirador, reconocido como tema específico de nuestro arquitecto, y presente en obras de distinto programa y escala, adquiere aquí una sofisticación en la elaboración del detalle constructivo que le permite tal vez su momento de mayor aproximación al efecto bombilla, como definía el arquitecto, y cuya actitud lo emparenta con una temprana obra, absolutamente alejada técnicamente de las viviendas de Calle Prior, pero que manifiesta similar necesidad de crear espacios eficaces para estar tiempo en ellos  e intermedios entre la casa y la calle, como son los vernáculos miradores enrejados de las viviendas del poblado sevillano de  Esquivel (1952-56).
La actitud de Sota ante el hecho de mirar, percibir y habitar el espacio parece recoger preocupaciones ontológicas que estaban presentes, no sólo en la arquitectura, en aquellos años cincuenta y sesenta y cuyas referencias, como recurso metodológico, así como a otras obras del arquitecto, ha sido útil en nuestra investigación sobre las razones de la materialización de la idea de habitar en este particular proyecto residencial y urbano.

"The study explores the process of boundary demarcation within
hospital settings by examining a new phenomenon in modern
medicine: collaboration between alternative and biomedical
practitioners (primarily physicians) working together in
biomedical settings. The study uses qualitative methods to
examine the nature of this collaboration by calling attention
to the ways in which the biomedical profession manages to
secure its boundaries and to protect its hard-core professional
knowledge. It identifies the processes of exclusion and
marginalization as the main mechanisms by which symbolic
boundaries are marked daily in the professional field. These
processes enable the biomedical profession to contain its
competitors and at the same time to avoid overt confrontations
and mitigate potential tensions between the two medical systems."

ABSTRACT
The workshop was born to the purpose of encouraging and facilitating the participation of students in competitions that are called by companies related to the Building and Architectural sector. The aim for the students is acquire the necessary skills and competencies for their future professional practice. In addition, there is a vocation of transversality because teachers from different areas will participate. It is not necessary to emphasize the importance of the Competition in the Architecture and in the development of the professional careers of the architects; this is the reason to take advantage of the opportunity that numerous companies provide for the students to enter this world.  On the one hand, it is a possibility for them to carry out projects that will be judged and valued outside the academic environment, in the business world; on the other hand, they will carry out projects differently to their comfort environment teaching, the classroom with previously known evaluation criteria, as a parallel learning.
RESUMEN
El Taller nace con la finalidad de incentivar y facilitar la participación de estudiantes en concursos que convocan empresas relacionadas con la Construcción y la Arquitectura y con el objetivo de que adquieran habilidades y competencias necesarias para su futura práctica profesional. También con una vocación de transversalidad pues participarán profesores de áreas diferentes. No es necesario recalcar la importancia del Concurso en la Arquitectura y en el desarrollo de la vida profesional de los arquitectos, es por ello que la oportunidad que proporcionan numerosas empresas para que los estudiantes se introduzcan en este mundo no puede dejar de ser aprovechada. Por una parte supone una posibilidad para que realicen proyectos que van a ser juzgados y valorados fuera del entorno académico, en el ámbito empresarial; por otra, lo hacen de forma diferente a su entorno de confort en la docencia del aula, con unos criterios de evaluación conocidos a priori, como un aprendizaje paralelo.

Si les fonctions classiques des musées occidentaux de conservation et de préservation des objets et artefacts perdurent, on ne peut en dire autant de la composition institutionnelle du musée lui-même – qui a été à maintes reprises abolie et refaite au gré des forces politiques contradictoires et des discours critiques émergents. Ces transformations et les pressions en résultant ont provoqué des questionnements et une remise en cause de l’autorité des conservateurs et de leur rôle en général. À travers le prisme du symbolisme organisationnel, cet article analyse les expositions de musées au Vietnam pour montrer comment les forces sociales et politiques de l’indépendance nationale et du colonialisme ont redessiné les contours de la profession de conservateur et des institutions muséales en Asie. En insistant sur l’importance des rites professionnels et du symbolisme organisationnel dans les musées, il fait valoir que les expositions commémorant les pratiques et les actes professionnels révèlent des aspects et des éléments normatifs importants de l’éthos des professionnels des musées. Or, ces aspects illustrent le défi postcolonial que pose la construction d’une identité professionnelle dans les musées de l’Asie du Sud-Est, tout en soulevant des questions courantes relatives aux professions muséales.

This paper aims to discuss the current status of translators practising in Malaysia and their perceptions towards the profession. The study was motivated by the dearth of literature on the status of the translator’s profession in Malaysia. Past studies have shown that translation is not considered a full-fledged profession in many other countries. Translators also do not perceive their own job as belonging to a profession due to a number of reasons. This study which adopts hermeneutic phenomenology as its method of inquiry is mostly qualitative in nature with an inclusion of some basic quantitative measures. The findings of this study has revealed that though Malaysian translators regard themselves as professionals in society, clients and the public unfortunately do not share the same views. The translators also cited unfair competition from amateur translators and unprofessional practices in their profession due to a lack of code of ethics, as challenges which seriously undermine t...

While classic functions of Western museums have included conservation and preservation of objects and artefacts, the same cannot be said for the institutional makeup of the museum itself – which has been repeatedly torn down and rebuilt by conflicting political forces and emerging critical discourses. These transformations and consequent pressures have led to profession-related concerns and questioning around curatorial authority and the general role of professionals in the field. Through a lens of organizational symbolism, this paper analyses exhibitions from museums in Vietnam in an effort to shed light on how the social and political forces of national independence and colonialism have changed the contours of the curatorial profession and institutions in Asia. By emphasizing the significance of professional rituals and organizational symbolism in museums, this paper argues that exhibitions showing the practice and acts of professional commemoration reveal important normative aspects and elements of the professional ethos of museum professionals. In other words, these aspects illustrate the post-colonial challenge of crafting a professional identity in Southeast Asian museums, while also pointing to common profession-related concerns.