Planck length

This article proves that the electrostatic and gravitational forces exerted between two electrons are closely related. For example, these two forces can be expressed as related linear and nonlinear effects in nearly identical equations. The vast difference between the electron’s electrostatic and gravitational forces is due to the electron’s wave amplitude term raised to two different powers. This unification was found by adopting John Wheeler’s “quantum foam” model of the quantum vacuum and modeling an electron as a rotating wave in this medium.  This rotating wave model of an electron is shown to achieve an electron’s approximate energy and de Broglie wave characteristics while exhibiting no detectable volume. Also, ħ/2 quantized angular momentum gives this electron model wave-particle duality characteristics. It is possible to go directly to Section 12 (page 16) to see the equations that prove the close relationship between the electron’s gravitational and electrostatic forces.

Planck length is the length scale at which the structure of space becomes dominated by quantum effects, and it is impossible to determine the difference between two locations less than one Planck length apart. In string theory, the Planck length is also in the order of magnitude of the oscillating strings that form elementary particles, and shorter length do not make physical sense … but there is an annoying problem that deserves full attention because it causes problems in many domains of quantum physics. Working with the Planck length, has anyone ever paid attention to the geometric anomalies that are present when applying the normal mathematical rules when it comes to surfaces and volumes and what the consequences are? This paper tries to give an answer to that question, and the conclusions are unexpectedly far-reaching.

PREFACE Gravitation (the attractive force existing between any two objects present in the universe that have mass) refers to one of the four fundamental forces in physics that are responsible for the attraction between masses. The other three fundamental forces are strong nuclear power, weak nuclear power and electromagnetism. In comparison to these other three forces, gravitation is certainly the "odd" one. While there is one single theory called the "Grand Unified Theory" that describes the other three forces, gravitation is explained solely by Einstein's general theory of relativity. According to that general theory of relativity, masses cause a distortion of the space-time structure around them. Any other mass that comes closer will experience the warping of space-time, and this appears to us as an attractive force between two masses. We will reason that this view is the wrong side of the coin. By turning over that same coin, another possibility appears that has a much stronger argument and brings out the true nature of gravitation. In that search, a number of fixed assumptions were reviewed and there, too, surprising new insights emerged. The phenomenon of the "spin" of elementary particles finally gets a plausible explanation, the reason for the expansion of the universe and the consequences involved showing a different reality, and the key in the lock of the Grand Unification theory has been turned, opening up a new dimension in physics. Let us take a first step : " … Einstein himself believed that the theory of general relativity could not properly function without a medium … " so the big question is where to look for that nebulous concept and determine what its energetic signature is?

“Maxwell’s equations are wrong because length can not be smaller than Planck length and time can not be smaller than Planck time”
Adrian Ferent

“Maxwell’s equations are wrong, because the Electric field E and the Magnetic field B are not continuous functions”
Adrian Ferent

“The Electric field E and the Magnetic field B are discrete functions”
Adrian Ferent

“Black Holes are Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“Information is lost in black holes”
Adrian Ferent

“Our universe will die; Gravitons will change Matter in Dark Matter, inside the Black Holes”
            Adrian Ferent

How Matter is change in Dark Matter by Gravitons:
Ferent equation for photon – graviton interaction, photon absorption by a Black Hole:

E = h × f + a × f + a × ν

where  a × ν is the negative energy of the graviton
ν is the frequency of the interaction graviton.
I calculated: the graviton’s energy emitted by black holes is higher than: 
E = 4.14559 × 105 GeV

After n interactions the energy of the photon is:

where f is the initial frequency of the photon.
Because graviton’s frequency νk > fk the energy E of the photon is higher after each photon-graviton interaction, this means photon’s frequency is much higher and this is the process how Matter is change in Dark Matter inside a Black Hole.

“Gravitons change Matter in Dark Matter, inside a Black Hole”
Adrian Ferent
That is why:

“Information is lost in Black Holes”
Adrian Ferent

“Black holes are Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“Black holes are Ferent Matter”
Adrian Ferent

This is another proof that my Gravitation theory is right.

Wrong things what you learned about Black Holes, because Gravitons are not present in Einstein’s wrong Gravitation theory!

That is why in my view Gerard 't Hooft, Leonard Susskind, Stephen Hawking, Jacob Bekenstein… are wrong regarding Black Holes:
Bekenstein and Hawking conjectured that the black hole entropy is directly proportional to the area of the event horizon divided by the Planck area.
From the entropy it is possible to use the usual thermodynamic relations to calculate the temperature of black holes.

The entropy measures how many such squares, whose side is a Planck length, are there on the surface of a black hole.
From here Gerard 't Hooft and Leonard Susskind suggested that the information is in fact preserved and is stored on the boundary of a system.
After the “The Black Hole War”  Gerard 't Hooft, Stephen Hawking  and Leonard Susskind agreed that the information is not lost inside a black hole; Gerard 't Hooft and Leonard Susskind discovered the holographic principle, the informational content of all the objects that have fallen into the black hole is entirely contained in surface fluctuations of the event horizon.
They considered a photon falling in a black hole, that will increase the black hole entropy and surface area; the black hole’s mass increases and the photon information is stored on the event horizon.

Alice and Bob thought experiments:
Alice jumps into a very large black hole, leaving Bob outside the event horizon. Physicists have assumed that Alice won’t notice anything unusual as she crosses the event horizon.

Gerard 't Hooft and Leonard Susskind are wrong because Information is lost in black holes.

That is why:

“The holographic principle is wrong”
      Adrian Ferent

“My Quantum Gravity theory explains that the Event Horizon is made of Gravitons”
Adrian Ferent

That is why the informational content of all the objects that have fallen into the black hole is not contained in surface fluctuations of the event horizon.

What happens when we fall in a Black Hole?

“When we fall in a Black Hole, the Gravitons will break our atoms before we get to the event horizon”
Adrian Ferent

That is why:
Gerard 't Hooft and Leonard Susskind are wrong regarding Alice and Bob thought experiments, because the Gravitons will break the atoms of Alice and Bob, before they get to the event horizon.

You learned from your professors, from your books about the temperature of Black Holes!

“Because Black Holes are Dark Matter, Black Holes do not have temperature”
Adrian Ferent

“Black holes are Ferent Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“Ferent Matter is Dark Matter with the density greater than Planck density”
      Adrian Ferent

I discovered that Black holes are Dark Matter, I discovered that the Information is lost in Black Holes, I discovered what is the Event Horizon, I explained that the holographic principle is wrong and I discovered what happens when we fall in a Black Hole.

51. I am the first who explained Gravitation

52. I am the first who discovered what happens when we fall in a Black Hole: the Gravitons will break our atoms before we get to the event horizon

53. I am the first who explained that the holographic principle is wrong

54. I am the first who discovered that Black holes are Dark Matter

55. I am the first who explained that Information is lost in black holes

56. I am the first who explained what is the event horizon: the Event Horizon is made of Gravitons

57. I am the first who explained that our universe will die; Gravitons will change Matter in Dark Matter, inside the Black Holes

58. I am the first who discovered that Gravitons change Matter in Dark Matter, inside a Black Hole

59. I am the first who discovered that Black Holes do not have temperature, because Black Holes are Dark Matter

In these few pages through a number of essential intermediate steps, an opening has been made to one of the most pressing questions concerning the core of the quantum world that has remained unanswered for decades ... the enigma of the unseparable quarks.

If the presumptions made in this document, points in the right direction, it means that the fundamental strong force has been stripped of that haze of indefinability and at the same time QCD, gluons, the residual strong force … are on their way to the archaeological box of quantum science.

We address four physics opportunities. First, suggest new elementary particles and forces. Second, explain phenomena such as dark matter. Third, augment and unite physics theories and models. Fourth, point to opportunities for further research.
We use models based on solutions to equations featuring isotropic pairs of isotropic quantum harmonic oscillators.
First, we show solutions that match the known elementary particles. We propose that other solutions correlate with elementary particles that people have yet to detect and with dark energy forces leading to three known eras - early acceleration, subsequent deceleration, and current acceleration - pertaining to the rate of expansion of the universe.
Second, we extend solutions to encompass known conservation-law symmetries. Extended solutions correlate with known kinematics. We suggest that extended solutions describe dark matter, explain ratios of density of dark matter to density of ordinary matter, correlate with dark energy density, and explain other phenomena.
Third, we propose that our work unites, suggests details regarding, extends, suggests complements to, and suggests limits regarding aspects of traditional physics theory. Those aspects include classical physics, special relativity, general relativity, quantum mechanics, the elementary particle Standard Model, the cosmology timeline, and galaxy evolution scenarios. The work provides possible insight regarding foundation of physics topics.
Fourth, we suggest opportunities for people. We suggest opportunities for observational, experimental, and theoretical physics research. We suggest quantum field theory that features few interaction vertices, sums of few terms as alternatives to conditionally convergent sums of infinite numbers of terms, and no needs to deal with some infinities. We point to possible opportunities to further develop and apply modeling and math we use.

This means the duration of the clock cycle of a moving clock increased, it is measured to be running slow. This means 'Riding on a beam of light' time would stop, and distance would be zero. "What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Special theory of relativity is wrong" Adrian Ferent In Ferent Quantum Gravity beyond the Planck wall is another wall, the Ferent wall. At Ferent wall were created Ferent matter and gravitons.

It is the ultimate dream of physicists to forge a hypothetical single, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all physical aspects of the universe, a single mathematical framework in which all fundamental forces and units of matter can be described together in a manner that is logical and coherent with current and future observation. Having extra dimensions of space makes it possible to substantiate such a theory … five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, 26-dimensional spacetime in bosonic string theory, 10-dimensional spacetime in superstring theory, and 11-dimensional spacetime in supergravity theory … Starting with the exploration of the fourth dimension envisioning why it is not possible to physically explore a higher dimension a surprisingly simple deduction will have a significant impact on the quest and research of n-dimensional spaces with repercussions in those fields of science where extra spatial dimensions, if they really exist, are thought to be curled-up, or compactified.

This study presents a unique set of solutions, using empirically determined physical quantities, in achieving a novel dimensionless constant α (1/R ∞)/PL from the ratio of the inverse of the Rydberg constant to the Planck length. It is henceforth shown that the Lorentz Scalar coming into play, which we dub the Parana constant, necessitates us to interpret the Gravitational constant G as being neither universal nor Lorentz Invariant. Just the same, the elementary charge in the MKS system should not by itself be considered as Lorentz Invariant, but the term e^2 /ε 0 , including its powers, ought to be. That being the case, the "Rydberg constant" must not, according to the present undertaking, be deemed a ubiquitous magnitude either, but the ratio of its reciprocal to Planck length would, in effect, be. The Parana constant is furthermore shown to exhibit meaningfulness as the proportion of the Planck mass to the electron rest mass. Throughout our derivations, we take the oppurtunity to reveal interesting features and deliberate over them.

The word photon is one of the most confusing and misemployed words in physics. A small selection from the difference in word choice : the photon in spectroscopy as to explain how spectra are connected to the atoms and molecules has an another understanding than those in photon quantum optics experiments and again those have another understanding as from the photons used in high energy research and then there are the photons in the photoelectric effect, photons jumping around in atoms, the Compton scattering, Feynman diagrams, virtual photons, photons in two photon physics, Thomson scattering …and the photons that are usually associated with our ability to see …..

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity, Dark Matter gives mass to electrons and the Higgs field does not exist”
Adrian Ferent

“The Ferent mechanism: the interaction energy of gravitons emitted by Dark Matter gives mass to the elementary particles”
Adrian Ferent

“Because the elementary particles contain Dark Matter with the mass much smaller than particles mass, Dark Matter is not detected at CERN”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity the Higgs field has nothing to do with Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“The Higgs mechanism does not give mass to Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity the Higgs field does not exist”
Adrian Ferent

“Because the Higgs field does not exist, the Higgs boson as a ‘God particle’ does not exist”
Adrian Ferent

“The Lagrange density for the Yukawa interaction of a fermion field ψ and the Higgs field   is wrong because length can not be smaller than Planck length and time can not be smaller than Planck time.”
Adrian Ferent

“All these equations from Quantum mechanics, Quantum field theory, Einstein General Theory of Relativity, String theory, LQG…are wrong because length can not be smaller than Planck length and time can not be smaller than Planck time”
Adrian Ferent

”After you paid the university professors to teach you the wrong theories like Quantum field theory, Einstein General Theory of Relativity, String theory, LQG…in physics and math, you have to find jobs working on these wrong theories. The good thing for you is that those who give the money politicians, companies, media…do not understand that these are wrong theories.”
Adrian Ferent

“In the photoelectric effect the photons interact with the electrons at Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“In photon-photon collisions, the photons interact at Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“The photons see the Electron’s size as Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l = Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a light beam you will see the Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“There are not Black Holes at Planck wall”
Adrian Ferent

“What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Black Holes is wrong”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed Faster Than Light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of the gravitons v = 1.001762 × 10^(17)  m/s from Special theory of relativity, means l = Ferent length”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a graviton you will see the Ferent length”
Adrian Ferent

“Because Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, they see only Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“Gravitons moving Faster Than Light, they see Black Holes”
Adrian Ferent

“What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter is wrong”
Adrian Ferent

The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrically charged particles like electrons or other free carriers when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation.
The photoelectric effect was first observed in 1887 by Heinrich Hertz.
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for ‘his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect’.

Einstein riding alongside a light beam.
Einstein was still puzzled by his attempts to imagine riding alongside a light beam, all his life and did not find an answer for it.
Einstein later wrote, “I should observe such a beam of light as an electromagnetic field at rest.”
That is why Einstein and your professors were not able to explain the photoelectric effect.

“The photons see the Electron’s size as Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

Planck length: lP = 1.6 × 10^(-35) m
Einstein and your professors did not understand:

“In the photoelectric effect the photons interact with the electrons at Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“In photon-photon collisions, the photons interact at Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l = Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

Einstein and your professors did not understand that photons interact with the electrons at Planck length, because they did not understand Special theory of relativity and Quantum mechanics.

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a light beam you will see the Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

That is why:

“There are not Black Holes at Planck wall”
Adrian Ferent

“What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Black Holes is wrong”
Adrian Ferent

Length contraction:

Length contraction is the phenomenon of a decrease in length of an object as measured by an observer which is traveling at any non-zero velocity relative to the object and it is usually only noticeable at a substantial fraction of the speed of light.

What means l = 0 from Special theory of relativity in Ferent Quantum Gravity?

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 from Special theory of relativity, means l ≤  Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

This means:

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l = Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed Faster Than Light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of the gravitons v = 1.001762 × 10^17 m/s from Special theory of relativity, means l = Ferent length”
Adrian Ferent

That is why Special theory of relativity is wrong.

Ferent length: lF = 1.296 × 10^(-69) m

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a graviton you will see the Ferent length”
Adrian Ferent

That is why:

“Because Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, they see only Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“Gravitons moving Faster Than Light, they see Black Holes”
Adrian Ferent

“What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter is wrong”
Adrian Ferent

You learned from your professors, from your books, from journals, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter:
The majority of Dark Matter is non-baryonic in nature.
Candidates for non-baryonic Dark Matter are hypothetical particles such as axions, sterile neutrinos…

This means Dark Matter is limited to Planck length, but I explained there are not Black Holes at Planck wall because there are Photons.

Stolen (quotations against Plagiarism) from Ferent Quantum Gravity in 2016–2017 the idea of dense Dark Matter or Dark Matter being Black Holes, Primordial Black Holes. The idea of dense Dark Matter or Dark Matter being Black Holes, Primordial Black Holes following results of gravitational wave detection.
LIGO and gravitational wave detection is a fraud.

You learned at universities, from  books, from journals…about Black Holes, Primordial Black Holes at Planck wall, but Black Holes, Primordial Black Holes at Planck wall do not exist.

Dense Dark Matter is Ferent Matter. Ferent Matter was created at Ferent wall, beyond the Planck wall.
That is why:

“Black Holes are Ferent Matter”
Adrian Ferent

But you see on TV, YouTube wrong things about Wormholes, how scientists like Michio Kaku, Kip Thorne… can travel trough a Black Hole!

“What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Black Holes is wrong”
Adrian Ferent

This is another proof that Ferent Quantum Gravity is the right Gravitation theory and all quantum gravity theories like String theory, LQG… are wrong theories because Einstein’s Gravitation theory is wrong and limited to the speed of light.

142. I am the first who discovered that in the photoelectric effect the photons interact with the electrons at Planck length

143. I am the first who discovered that in photon-photon collisions, the photons interact at Planck length

144. I am the first who discovered that the photons see the Electron’s size as Planck length

145. I am the first who discovered that there are not Black Holes at Planck wall

146. I am the first who explained that what you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Black Holes is wrong

147. I am the first who explained that in Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed Faster Than Light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length

148. I am the first who explained that in Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of the gravitons v = 1.001762 × 10^17 m/s from Special theory of relativity, means l = Ferent length

149. I am the first who discovered that in Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a Graviton you will see the Ferent length

150. I am the first who discovered that Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, they see only Dark Matter

151. I am the first who discovered that Gravitons moving Faster Than Light, they see Black Holes

152. I am the first who explained what you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter is wrong

How did the Universe evolve from Ferent Wall to Planck Wall, how was Matter created from Dark Matter? I will answer to the most difficult questions: How did the Universe evolve from Ferent volume to Planck volume? How did the Universe evolve from Ferent length to Planck length? How was Matter created from Dark Matter? “I am the first who discovered how the universe evolved from Ferent Wall to Planck Wall” Adrian Ferent “Between Ferent wall and Planck wall the universe expanded 1.546× 10^85 times in a period t = 5.391 × 10^(-44) s” Adrian Ferent “The inflation period started at Ferent wall before the Planck wall” Adrian Ferent “The Gravitons at Ferent Wall had the highest energy, these Gravitons interacting with small Dark Matter particles like Dark Matter electrons or smaller at Planck time changed Dark Matter in Matter” Adrian Ferent “The Gravitons with the highest energy at Planck time changed Ferent volume in Planck volume” Adrian Ferent “The Gravitons with the highest energy at ...

This paper proposes a set of relatively new conjectures and hypotheses in modern physics, mainly concept of subquantum movement (SQM), the finite “elasticity” of (charged/neutral) spacetime hypothesis (FESTH) (a unifying concept which may bring under the “same umbrella” both Einstein’s General relativity [EGR] and Quantum Field Theory [QFT]), the self-repulsiveness of electromagnetic charge (SR-EMC) and the gravitational significance (GS) of the fine structure constant (GS-FSC): each conjecture (or hypothesis) in part is based on at least one observation and generates some interesting predictions. This paper continues (from alternative angles of view!) the work of other past articles/preprints of the same author.
#DONATIONS. Anyone can donate for dr. Dragoi’s independent research and original music at: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=AQYGGDVDR7KH2

Through a number of essential intermediate steps, an opening has been made to one of the most pressing questions concerning the core of the quantum world that has remained unanswered for decades … the enigma of the unseparable quarks. The structure of the nucleus of the atom got remodeled and explains its inner workings. If the presumptions made in this document point in the right direction, it means that the fundamental strong force has been stripped of the haze of indefinability and at the same time QCD, gluons, the residual strong force … are on their way to the archaeological box of quabtum science.

Abstract This paper discusses and applies a basis for modeling elementary forces and particles. We show that models based on isotropic quantum harmonic oscillators describe aspects of the four traditional fundamental physics forces and point to some known and possible elementary particles. We summarize results from models based on solutions to equations featuring isotropic pairs of isotropic quantum harmonic oscillators. Results include predictions for new elementary particles and possible descriptions of dark matter and dark energy.