Periodontology & Endodontics

The periodontal tissues and the pulp-dentine complex form an intimate continuum through which pathological changes of either one may lead to infection of the other. When a periapical lesion communicates with a deep periodontal pocket, the etiology can be either endodontic or periodontal. The purpose of this review paper is to explain the nature of that relationship. Successful therapy will only result from the establishment of an accurate diagnosis and forming such a diagnosis requires a methodical mutli-staged approach.

Endo-Perio lesions are occasionally encountered complicated dental conditions, difficult to diagnose and treat. In this current review, various topics that will help clinicians in handling such situations have been summarized. Thus this article reviews the normal anatomic communications between the pulp and periodontium, aetiology of the endo-perio lesions, various available classifications, diagnosis, prognosis and decision-making in the treatment of these conditions.

Abstract Generally endodontically treated teeth have already undergone significant coronal destruction, loss of radicular dentin and an overall reduction in the capability of the tooth to resist intra-oral forces. The high success rates in modern day endodontics has resulted in an increased demand for an aesthetically convenient post and core system to help restore loss tooth structure. While the metallic post and cores provide a time-tested fulfillment of replacing the missing coronal tooth structure sufficiently to provide the required retention and resistance for the final restoration, yet aesthetic compatibility with the tooth structure is often compromised. Another important issue that is often not taken into consideration while using metallic posts is retreivability, when a metallic post fractures or fails, it is often virtually impossible to remove the residual post from the radicular portion of the tooth without greatly compromising the remaining dentin. Recent development in the field of esthetically viable non-metallic endodontic posts has served to erase these predicaments by providing an esthetically pleasing, easily retrievable post and core anchorage to replace the missing coronal tooth structure. This paper highlights the objectives, advantages and clinical predi- ctabilities in using a luscent glass fiber non-metallic post , thus providing an endo-aesthetic restorative continuum for both the patient and the dentist.  Key words: Post and core restoration, glass fiber nonmetallic post, endo-esthetic restorative monobloc, enhanced bond strength 

dr VINEET VINAYAK  |Dr VINEET VINAYAK|  dr VINEET vinayak

De la fisiología al metaboloma, de la etiología bacteriana al concepto del biofilm y la disbiosis en el microbioma humano. La caries y las enfermedades periodontales son infecciones donde el biofilm es un reconocido factor de riesgo microbiano que determina el inicio y progresión de una lesión. Las bacterias que causan estas enfermedades están organizadas en estructuras denominadas biofilm, que son comunidades de complejos microbianos compuestos por una gran variedad de microorganismos con diferentes requerimientos ecológicos y un alto potencial patogénico. El biofilm es un neologismos científico que no merece ser traducido y sobre todo mal interpretado. La placa bacteriana es en realidad un biofilm microbano...
V 2018 REVISTA DE LA ASOCIACIÓN DE ENDODONCISTAS DEL AZUAY.

The purposes of this study were to quantify some clinical parameters that are useful as esthetic guidelines when the gingival contour is modified and to compare the left and right sides of the six maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty interdental papilla sites in 20 healthy patients were evaluated. Interdental papilla heights of maxillary anterior teeth were measured from the gingival zenith, along with clinical crown lengths. Percentages of papilla height to crown length were computed and defined as papilla proportion, mesial papilla proportion (MPP) and distal papilla proportion (DPP). Results: Mean interdental papilla heights of maxillary teeth was 3.83 mm mesially and 3.8 mm distally. Mean MPP was 43.69% (n = 120) and DPP was 44.57% (n = 120). No significant differences were found between MPP and DPP for maxillary incisors (P ≥ 0.5). Conclusion: Papilla proportions were approximately 44% for all tooth groups. Canines demonstrated a trend toward increased distal papilla heights. In the present study the average MPP and DPP of the central incisor (CI), lateral incisor (LI) and canine (CA) measured were 43%, 41%, 46%, 40%, and 42% 51% respectively.

Bleaching is very common and costly procedure for whitening of teeth. As the aesthetic concern of the patient's increases these days, the introduction of wide range of less costly whitening products in the market also increases which promises whitening in few applications. Aim: The objective of this in vivo study is to check the bleaching efficacy of Colgate Visible White, Close-up Diamond Attraction compared with Pola Office Plus. Materials & Methods: 15 patients were selected and randomly divided into three groups according to whitening agents used. Each group contains five patients i.e. n=5.The application time is as per recommended by the product instructions. For the evaluation of shade selection-color of both canines in upper jaw was evaluated visually before and after bleaching. Tooth shade was evaluated using VITA classical shade guide. Results: After statistical analysis a significant difference was seen in shade change between pre and post treatment in each group. However, no significant difference was found between all the three groups. Conclusion: Tooth whitening using minimally invasive techniques is enjoyable for the clinician and allows the patients to smile with confidence.

ABSTRACT Background: Ultrasonic irrigation has been proved for its remarkable cleaning efficiency in the field of endodontics. But its role in endodontic re-treatment has been understated. There is not much data available to understand the effect of ultrasonic irrigation for the evaluation of cleanliness of dentinal tubules when it is used with or without chloroform, a gutta percha solvent during endodontic retreatment. Aim: To compare the influence of ultrasonic irrigation with syringe irrigation on cleanliness of dentinal tubules after gutta perch removal for endodontic retreatment with or without the use of chloroform a gutta percha solvent using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials  and  Methods: Freshly extracted 45 human mandibular premolar teeth for periodontal and orthodontic reasons were taken and were occlusally adjusted to a working length of 19 mm. The root canals of all teeth were prepared chemo mechanically to a master apical file size 40 and were divided in various groups. In Group 1 (n = 5; control group), the canals remained unfilled. In Groups 2 and 3 (n = 20 each), the canals were filled using lateral compaction with gutta-percha and AH plus sealer, removal of root fillings was undertaken after 2 weeks using Gates Glidden drills and H files without chloroform in Group 2 and with chloroform in group 3. The specimen of Group 2 and 3 were further divided into two subgroups I and
II (n=10). In subgroup I, irrigation was done using side vented needles and sodium hypochlorite. In subgroup II irrigation was done using passive ultrasonic irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Thereafter, the roots were split and the sections were observed under SEM. The number of occluded dentinal tubules /total number of dentinal tubules were calculated for the coronal, middle and apical third of each root half. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test using standardized technique. Result: Results indicated that the cleanest dentinal tubules were found in the control group (Group 1 where the canals were unfilled) followed by the non chloroform group with ultrasonic irrigation (Group 3 subdivision II) followed by chloroform group with ultrasonic irrigation (Group 2 subdivision II), the non chloroform group with syringe irrigation (Group 3 subdivision I) and least cleanliness was found in the chloroform group with syringe irrigation (Group 2 subdivision I). Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study it could be concluded that both ultrasonic and syringe irrigation showed cleaner canals when chloroform was not used. Irrigation when done with ultrasonics leads to cleaner tubules than syringe irrigation. Hence, mechanical methods of retrieval in conjunction with use of passive ultrasonic irrigation should be a part of retreatment protocol.
dr VINEET VINAYAK  | dr VINEET VINAYAK|

Aim: To explore the influence of obesity/overweight on development and treatment outcome of periodontal diseases (PD), and to explore possible mechanisms of interaction between obesity and PD.Method: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Go Pubmed databases.Conclusion: Obesity and PD can exert similar pathogenic effects via common pathways, and can influence each other bidirectionally. Elucidating the relationship between obesity and PD allows for the development of care guidelines and recommendations for clinicians and the public. Obesity  and  periodontal  diseases  (PD)  are  very  prevalent  among U.S. adults during recent years [1-4]. Since both can lead to severe  chronic  health  conditions  and  impair  people’s  life  quality  by exerting similar influences [5-10], a clear understanding of the association between obesity and periodontal diseases is warranted to reduce health and medical costs in the U.S. [5] The objective of this review is to explore the influence of obesity/overweight on development and treatment outcome of PD, and to explore possible mechanisms of interaction between obesity and PD.

"Background:

The strong link between sealer solubility and periapical reinfection indicates that water solubility of new sealers should be studied. This study aimed to assess the water solubility of five root canal sealers (AH-26, Topseal, 2-Seal, Acroseal, and Roeko Seal Automix [RSA]).
Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro experimental study, 30 specimens were fabricated from each of the abovementioned sealants. Then they were weighed and randomly divided into three subgroups of 10 each (A, B, and C). They were set at 37°C and 100% RH, in accordance with ANSI/ADA 57 and ISO 6876-2001 requirements. Afterward, the specimens in subgroups A were incubated at 37°C and 100% RH for 24 hours, while the specimens in the subgroups B and C were incubated in the same conditions for 7 days and 28 days, respectively. After incubation, the specimens were dried with blotting paper and were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and 0% RH. Then they were weighed. The percentage of weight loss was regarded as water solubility.
Results:

The mean solubility of the sealers AH-26, Acroseal, Topseal, 2-Seal, and RSA were 0.28%, 0.36%, 0.07%, 0.037%, and 0.141% after 24 hours, respectively. After 28 days, their solubility were 1.75%, 0.746%, 0.082%, 0.04%, and 0.517%, respectively. Only the solubility of the sealers 2-Seal and Topseal were not statistically different (P>0.3 [Tukey's]). Again only the solubility of 2-Seal and Topseal did not significantly increase between the 7th day and the 28th day of incubation (P>0.6 [paired-samples t]).
Conclusion:

All tested materials met the standards (maximum weight loss of 3% within 24 hours). However, the results of 2-Seal followed by Topseal were the most favorable ones."

Nowadays, the application of Nanobiomaterials in dentistry is increasing. The combination of biomaterials with nanotechnology leads to the term of "Nano biomaterial". Nanotechnology aims to control over material properties at nanoscale and over the precision and sensitivity of various tools and devices in different technologies. In the endodontic science, Nanobiomaterials are utilized in different aspects such as: instruments and materials modifications, improvement of root canal disinfection and obturation, root repair materials, local anesthesia and repair and regeneration of pulpal tissue. The aim of the present study was to reviews the research findings and future possible applications of Nanobiomaterials and nanotechnology in endodontics.

Forty-five patients who visited the Department of Periodontics, JSS Dental College, Mysore, were recruited for this study. All those patients diagnosed with moderate to severe periodontitis and who willingly agreed to participate in the study were considered for inclusion in the study.

ABSTRACT : Management of horizontal root fracture presents a formidable challenge for clinicians because of the difficulty of achieving a stable reunion of fractured fragments. This article presents endodontic management of horizontal root fracture using a fibre post. A 30 year old male patient presented with a horizontal fracture of maxillary right central incisor. Root canal treatment followed by internal splinting using a fibre post gave satisfactory results. KEYWORDS : Horizontal Fracture; Central Incisor; Splint; Fibre post
Dr VINEET vinayak

Radicular cysts are the most common cystic lesions affecting the jaws. They are most commonly found at the apices of the involved teeth. This condition is usually asymptomatic but can result in a slow-growth tumefaction in the affected region. The following case report presents the successful treatment of radicular cysts using autologous periosteum and platelet-rich fibrin with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft.