Limiting

Thread-Level Speculation has been used to take advantage of multicore processors in virtual execution environments for the sequential JavaScript scripting language. While the results are promising the memory overhead is high. Here we propose to reduce the memory usage by limiting the checkpoint depth based on an in-depth study of the memory and execution time effects. We also propose an adaptive heuristic to dynamically adjust the checkpoints. We evaluate this using 15 web applications on an 8-core computer. The results show that the memory overhead is reduced for Thread-Level Speculation by over 90% as compared to storing all checkpoints. Further, the performance is often better than when storing all the checkpoints and at worst 4% slower.

This paper seeks to identify and discuss mobile network operators' (MNOs) business opportunities in spectrum sharing where the several MNOs would share the same spectrum band. This sharing model, here called co-primary spectrum sharing (CoPSS), aims to increase the efficiency of spectrum use by introducing licensed sharing between MNOs in new bands where two or more MNOs would get the license to operate on a shared basis, instead of separate exclusive licenses for different MNOs or unlicensed sharing. The paper starts with a discussion concerning the domains needed for defining CoPSS: a) type of spectrum authorized for sharing, b) temporal, spatial, and spectral dimensions of shared resources, c) degree of information shared, and presents a definition of CoPSS. Regarding CoPSS business opportunities for MNOs we present CoPSS enabling and limiting factors and CoPSS related challenges within a framework of value co-creation, co-capture, and co-opetition. The paper concludes with a variety of alternative ways of doing business with CoPSS.

Contraceptive prevalence rate is far behind in Bihar in comparison to national average. Unmet need of family planning is high in Bihar against national average. Population control in a situation of low prevalence of contraceptive use and high unmet need is the biggest challenge for Bihar. The two broad objectives of the study are; to examine the socioeconomic , demographic and cultural factors affecting unmet need of family planning and; to evaluate the government policies and programmes in relation to unmet need in Bihar. Secondary sources data from Annual Health Survey, Census, NFHS and SRS has been used. Quantitative methods like univariate, and multi variate analysis has been done along with some cartographic techniques. The result reveals that women's educational level, their age at marriage and employment status play positive role in society in terms of obtaining desired result in demographic goals. The community level participation is must in present scenario to achieve better result as lots of community has cultural issues which make obstacles in using family planning measures. Providing more incentives and counseling of beneficiaries will helpful in promotion of contraceptive use. The districts like Siwan, Gopalganj, Kishanganj, Katihar, Araria need special attention as these districts have highest unmet need for family planning in terms of spacing as well as limiting.

A modular superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) consisting of 16 elements was constructed and tested in a 220 V line for a fault current between 1 kA to 7.4 kA. The elements are made up of second generation (2G) YBCO-coated conductor tapes with stainless steel reinforcement. For each element four tapes were electrically connected in parallel with effective length of 0.4 m per element, totaling 16 elements connected in series. The evaluation of SFCL performance was carried out under DC and AC tests. The DC test was performed through pulsed current tests and its recovery characteristics under load current were analysed by changing the shunt resistor value. The AC test performed using a 3 MVA/220 V/60 Hz transformer has shown the current limiting ratio achieved a factor higher than 10 during fault of up to five cycles without conductor degradation. The measurement of the voltage for each element during the AC test showed that in this modular SFCL the quench is homogeneous and the transition occurs similarly in all the elements.

In current longitudinal magnetic recording media, high areal density and low noise are achieved by statistical averaging over several hundred weakly coupled ferromagnetic grains per bit cell. Continued scaling to smaller bit and grain sizes, however, may prompt spontaneous magnetization reversal processes when the stored energy per particle starts competing with thermal energy, thereby limiting the achievable areal density. Charap et al. have predicted this to occur at about 40 Gbits/in 2 : This paper discusses thermal effects in the framework of basic Arrhenius-Néel statistical switching models. It is emphasized that magnetization decay is intimately related to high-speedswitching phenomena. Thickness-, temperature-and bit-densitydependent recording experiments reveal the onset of thermal decay at "stability ratios" (KuV =kB T)0 = 35 6 2. The stability requirement is grain size dispersion dependent and shifts to about 60 for projected 40 Gbits/in 2 conditions and ten-year storage times. Higher anisotropy and coercivity media with reduced grain sizes are logical extensions of the current technology until write field limitations are reached. Future advancements will rely on deviations from traditional scaling. Squarer bits may reduce destabilizing stray fields inside the bit transitions. Perpendicular recording may shift the onset of thermal effects to higher bit densities. Enhanced signal processing may allow signal retrieval with fewer grains pers bit. Finally, single grain per bit recording may be envisioned in patterned media, with lithographically defined bits. Index Terms-Arrhenius-Néel model, dynamic coercivity, high K u alloys, magnetic recording, signal decay, thermal switching. I. INTRODUCTION A N overview of thermal effect limits in magnetic recording is presented. The emphasis is on continuous dimensional scaling of granular longitudinal recording media, where these effects will first become apparent. We try to answer the important question of how thermally stable today's media are and review the assumptions behind Charap's 40 Gbits/in limit prediction [1]. In particular, we discuss a new experimental approach to reliably determine media stability by combining long time signal decay measurements with short time write experiments. A brief outlook discusses materials alternatives, in particular high anisotropy media, and points to various options to avoid thermal effects. These include reduced bit aspect ratio recording, fewer grains per bit, perpendicular recording, possibly with thermal assist, and patterned media.

This paper presents a practical technique that uses Ping's interleave(r)-division multiple access and single-user decoding to provide uncoordinated access for a family of binary-input binary-output multiple-access channels (MACs) including the OR-MAC where users' binary transmissions are combined with the logical OR operation. Information theoretic calculations provide the achievable sum-rates and optimal ones densities for these MACs. Because the required ones

In this paper, the rate region of the two user MIMO broadcast channel (BC) is investigated in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, when linear precoding is used without time sharing. The transmitter is assumed to have more antennas than the sum of the receiving antennas, which is a meaningful assumption in cellular network after a scheduler has been used. To reach the rate region's boundary, the sum rate is maximized subject to a given ratio between the user's rates. The sum rate is first considered asymptotically when the SNR tends to infinity and the well known high SNR affine approximation in terms of the logarithm of the SNR is used. The multiplicative and the additive parameters are called respectively the multiplexing gain (MG) and the rate offset (RO) and the maximal values of these two parameters, which were not known in that case with proportional rate fairness considered, are derived at every point of the boundary of the rate region, as well as the optimal stream allocations associated with them. Analytical bounds for the boundary of the high SNR approximated rate region are then developed. Finally, the maximization of the rate subject to a rate ratio constraint is studied at finite SNR and algorithmic inner and outer bounds for the rate region boundary are derived. They are shown to be very close to each other and accurate even at intermediate SNR.

The paper sketches the history of the development and implementation of free basic electricity in South Africa. It covers the promises made by politicians, the establishment and work of the Electricity Basic Services Support Tariff (EBSST) Task Team. The paper discusses the challenges of the continued provision of free basic electricity (FBE) with tariff increase restrictions (imposed by the National

The job accommodation, the redesign of a job or the creation of new vacancies for optimizing the utilization of manpower through job analysis, has become an important concept during the past decades. Effective job accommodation strategies can assist the people with disabilities in general, and hearing impaired people, who accounted for a majority of the disabilities in the labor market, in special, to expand their capability set and maximize their work performance. However, very few researches have been developed on how the job accommodation strategies can be defined. Furthermore, most available job accommodation strategies as well as assistive technologies were based on researches being developed one decade ago, which are not feasible and should be updated for modern industries. Thus, a fuzzy DEMATEL based MCDM framework will be introduced for deriving suitable accommodation strategies. An empirical study based on the operators from the electronic industry advanced and verified both available job accommodation strategies as well as job accommodation research methods. In the future, the proposed strategies as well as the research framework can be used to enhance the welfare of the disabilities.

Cognitive radios implement adaptive resource allocation schemes that exploit knowledge of the channel state information to optimize the performance of the secondary users while limiting the interference to the primary users. The algorithms in this paper are designed to maximize the weighted sum-rate of secondary users which transmit orthogonally and adhere to three different constraints: i) limits on the long-term (average) power at each secondary transmitter; ii) limits on the long-term interfering power at each primary receiver; and iii) limits on the long-term capacity loss inflicted to each primary receiver. Although the long-term capacity constraints render the resultant optimization problem non-convex, it holds that it has zero-duality gap and that, due to the favorable structure in the dual domain, it can be efficiently solved.

Namen prispevka: Številna poročila mednarodnih in nacionalnih organizacij iz zadnjega obdobja govorijo o hitrem in inovativnem razvoju kibernetske kriminalitete. V tem prispevku želimo analizirati organiziranost in način boja proti kibernetski kriminaliteti v Sloveniji, proučiti pravne podlage za to področje in predstaviti nacionalne statistične podatke o njenem uresničevanju. Metode: Splošne ugotovitve so oblikovane na podlagi pregleda literature, pregleda dejavnosti v Republiki Sloveniji, javnih, zasebnih in mednarodnih organizacijah, povezanih s kibernetsko in informacijsko varnostjo, pregleda zakonodaje ter dostopnih uradnih statističnih podatkov o kibernetski kriminaliteti. Ugotovitve: Ključno vlogo pri preiskovanju kibernetske kriminalitete v Sloveniji imajo Center za računalniško preiskovanje, Slovenski center za posredovanje pri omrežnih incidentih (SI-CERT) in Evropski center za kibernetsko kriminaliteto. V boj proti kibernetski kriminaliteti so vključene tudi druge državne, nepolicijske organizacije, zasebna informacijsko-varnostna podjetja, nevladne in mednarodne organizacije. Pravna podlaga za boj proti kibernetski kriminaliteti v Sloveniji je napredna in je del več nacionalnih in mednarodnih pravnih aktov. Največji problem, s katerim se srečujejo organi pregona, je redko obravnavanje kibernetskih kaznivih dejanj v globalnem razcvetu kibernetske kriminalitete, saj smo imeli v Sloveniji v zadnjih sedmih letih le nekaj obsodilnih obsodb. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave: Prispevek proučuje boj proti kibernetski kriminaliteti v Sloveniji, vključujoč mednarodne organizacije, ki delujejo na območju države. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Na državni ravni še niso bili analizirani način, organiziranost in uspešnost boja proti kibernetski kriminaliteti. V prispevku izpostavljamo probleme, s katerimi se VARSTVOSLOVJE, let. 15 št. 3 str. 317-337 srečuje Slovenija, in predlagamo priporočila za uspešnejši boj proti kibernetski kriminaliteti.

We study the trade-off between delivery delay and energy consumption in a delay tolerant network in which a message (or a file) has to be delivered to each of several destinations by epidemic relaying. In addition to the destinations, there are several other nodes in the network that can assist in relaying the message. We first assume that, at every instant, all the nodes know the number of relays carrying the packet and the number of destinations that have received the packet. We formulate the problem as a controlled ...

This paper presents the nonlinear IV methodology as an effective inferential basis for nonstationary panels. The nonlinear IV method resolves the inferential difficulties in testing for unit roots arising from the intrinsic heterogeneities and cross-dependencies of panel models. Individual units are allowed to be dependent through correlations among innovations, interrelatedness of short-run dynamics and/or cross-sectional cointegrations. If based on the instrumental variables that are nonlinear transformations of the lagged levels, the usual IV estimation of the augmented Dickey-Fuller type regressions yields asymptotically normal unit root tests for panels with general dependencies and heterogeneities. Moreover, the nonlinear IV estimation allows for the use of covariates to further increase power, and order statistics to test for more flexible forms of hypotheses, which are especially important in heterogeneous panels.

Sensor node localization is a basic and important part in constructing sensor networks. Among the techniques for localization, much research has been conducted using acoustics as the primary data source because of its high accuracy. However existing methods use either additional ...

Indonesia should have a scientific-based approach and evaluation system to counteract negative accusations and allegations that Oil Palm Plantations (OPP) in Indonesia are not environmentally friendly, unsustainable, and destroy forests and peatlands. The proposed evaluation instrument basically to assess the OPP sustainability and current productivity also the limiting factors for oil palm production which are useful to determine management recommendations for increasing the productivity of each type of OPP. Basically, the evaluation model assessed recent soil-land and environment conditions/quality and linked it to productivity, and then compared it with soil-land and environment conditions/quality before the land was converted into OPP. After comparing soil-land and environment qualities before and after converted into OPP, hence the balance derived from the increase or decrease in the quality of soil-land and the environment from all OPP types can be calculated as a result of th...

Background: In 2012 and 2013, a quality improvement program was launched in 14 Cystic Fibrosis centres in France to improve care and patient outcomes. The PHARE-M performance study, funded by the French Ministry of Health, was designed to assess the impacts of the program. One goal was to determine whether the undertaking aimed at developing a culture of quality among care teams would result in limiting lung function decline in patients and/or would present improved BMI evolution results when compared with control centres. Methods: A quantitative experimental study was designed using repeated data on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and on body mass index (BMI) over time. Two groups of patients were included in a closed cohort: one group took part in the PHARE-M program while the other did not participate. Patients were paired (1-1) based on age range and type of centre. The annual values collected in the French Patient Registry for the years 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 wer...

Self-assembly is one of the most promising strategies for making functional materials at the nanoscale, yet new design principles for making self-limiting architectures, rather than spatially unlimited periodic lattice structures, are needed. To address this challenge, we explore the trade-offs between addressable assembly and self-closing assembly of a specific class of self-limiting structures: cylindrical tubules. We make triangular subunits using DNA origami that have specific, valence-limited interactions and designed binding angles, and study their assembly into tubules that have a self-limited width that is much larger than the size of an individual subunit. In the simplest case, the tubules are assembled from a single component by geometrically programming the dihedral angles between neighboring subunits. We show that the tubules can reach many micrometers in length and that their average width can be prescribed through the dihedral angles. We find that there is a distribution in the width and the chirality of the tubules, which we rationalize by developing a model that considers the finite bending rigidity of the assembled structure as well as the mechanism of self-closure. Finally, we demonstrate that the distributions of tubules can be further sculpted by increasing the number of subunit species, thereby increasing the assembly complexity, and demonstrate that using two subunit species successfully reduces the number of available end states by half. These results help to shed light on the roles of assembly complexity and geometry in self-limited assembly and could be extended to other self-limiting architectures, such as shells, toroids, or triply-periodic frameworks.

4 method for time-frequency signal analysis is presented. The proposed method belongs to the general class of smoothed pseudo Wigner distributions. It is derived from the analysis of the Wigner distribution defined in the frequency domain. This method provides some substantial advantages over the Wigner distribution. The well-known cross term effects are reduced or completely removed. The oversampling of signal is not necessary. In addition, the computation time can be significantly shorter. The results are demonstrated on two numerical examples with frequency modulated signals.

... In Section 3, the hybrid MCDM framework for selecting the appropriate expatriate managers will be defined and demonstrated. ... DEMATEL not only to detect complex relationships and build a NRM of the criteria, but also to obtain the influence levels of each element over others ...

In each step of the construction of the Cantor set we consider two complementary operations: in the first stage (damage) the middle step of each remaining segment is deleted; in the second stage (random repair) an uniform random segment is united to what remains after deletion. We compute the Hausdorff dimension of the limiting fractal obtained as the intersection of the sets obtained in the ad infinitum repetition of this stammering iterative procedure, which as expected is bigger than the Hausdorff dimension of the classical middle Cantor set with no repair. Stuttering random Cantor sets are obtained using deletion of uniform random segments both in the damage and in the repair stages in each step of the iterative procedure. The use of general beta random segments in the stuttering construction of Cantor-like random sets is also discussed.

ABSTRACT form only given. Vacuum diodes with gap spacing of the order 1μm and gap voltages of the order 1V exhibit space-charge induced current modulation in the THz regime. The frequency can be tuned by simply altering the applied DC vacuum electric field, and the frequency range corresponding to the range of the applied field can be set by selection of the size of the emitter area on the cathode. The current in a microdiode of this type will typically range from tens to hundreds of microamperes, thus limiting the THz power that can be drawn from a single microdiode. Coupling between microdiodes is a problem of interest as it could offer an avenue to generate higher power levels by using an array of emitters. We present an overview of work done on vacuum microdiode oscillators, with some new results concerning beam quality in a single microdiode and interaction between beams from neighboring emitters.

Electrical and thermal characteristics of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) coated conductors (CCs) with different architectures, with and without stabilizer layers, in resistive fault current limiters (RSFCLs) have been widely studied. In this study, the recovery of the superconducting state under different conditions (no-load and under load) is analyzed for subsequent fault current limitation. Test of modular RSFCL using commercial coated conductor with and without the assistance of an air-core power reactor was carried out. Shunt-assisted quench tests were investigated and measurements have been performed in short samples employed in the construction of modular unit with 6 stacks of 0.7-m length of 12-mm width YBCO CC tapes. Using the pulsed current method (PCM), the quench current (from Ic up to 3 × Ic) for a time period from 16.6 to 80 ms was applied to evaluate the temperature and recovery time, by the power losses, generated after the second quench in sequence. The RSFCL operates in a distribution grid protected by a recloser switch with intervals of 300 ms, 900 ms, and 1.2 s. For these time intervals, it is necessary to verify if full recovery behavior happens.

In this work, we report on the evaluation of a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL). It is consisted of a modular superconducting device combined with a short-circuited transformer with a primary copper winding connected in series to the power line and the secondary side short-circuited by the superconducting device. The basic idea is adding a magnetic component to contribute to the current limitation by the impedance reflected to the line after transition of the superconducting device. The evaluation tests were performed with a prospective current up to 2 kA, with the short-circuited transformer of 2.5 kVA, 220 V/ 660 V connected to a test facility of 100 kVA power capacity. The resistive SFCL using a modular superconducting device was tested without degradation for a prospective fault current of 1.8 kA, achieving the limiting factor 2.78; the voltage achieved 282 V corresponding to an electric field of 11 V/m. The test performed with the combined SFCL (superconducting device + transformer) using series and toroidal transformers showed current limiting factor of 3.1 and 2 times, respectively. The test results of the combined SFCL with short-circuited transformer showed undesirable influence of the transformer impedance, resulting in reduction of the fault current level. Index Terms-Current limiting ratio, step up transformer, superconducting fault current limiter, YBCO coated conductor. I. INTRODUCTION S UPERCONDUCTING fault current limiters (SFCLs) are devices with potential to protect the power distribution systems against faults that cause damage and blackouts. Resistive SFCLs present electrical behavior near the ideal, with insertion of a fast transition resistance due to changing from the superconducting state to the normal state with high resistivity during short time, normally until 5 cycles, thus limiting the fault current value. In order to evaluate the performance of resistive SFCLs combined with magnetic circuit a short-circuited transformer are used to provide the coupling effect with the grid line. To reduce the effect of the current limitation just due Manuscript

In this paper, a CMOS implementation of a low voltage micropower logarithmic biquad based on Floating Gate MOS transistors (FGMOS) is presented. The translinear principle applied to the floating gate MOS transistor leads to an easy implementation of the state-space equations without using the source terminal in the loop. The voltage supply can be reduced and also there is no need of separate wells. The technique is proven in this lowhand pass filter working at 1 V with a maximum power consumption of 2pW. The filter parameters can be adjusted in more than two decades, being the upper frequency around 150kHz.