Involution

Infantile hemangiomas typically appear in the first few weeks of life as areas of pallor, followed by telangiectatic patches. They then grow rapidly in the first 3 to 6 months of life. Superficial lesions are bright red, protuberant, and sharply demarcated and are often referred to as " strawberry hemangiomas ". Deep lesions are bluish and dome-shaped, feel like a " bag of worms " , and are compressible. Infantile hemangiomas have a predilection for the head and neck region. Most infantile hemangiomas exist as solitary lesions. Infantile hemangiomas continue to grow until 9 to 12 months of age, at which time the growth rate slows down to parallel the growth of the child. Half of these lesions will show complete involution by the time a child reaches age 5; 70% will have disappeared by age 7; and 95% will have regressed by ages 10 to 12. The majority of infantile hemangiomas require no treatment. Indications for active intervention include severe or recurrent hemorrhage unresponsive to treatment, threatening ulceration in areas where serious complications might ensue, interference with vital structures, pedunculated hemangiomas, and significant disfigurement. Treatment options include systemic corticoster-oids, intralesional corticosteroids, topical and oral beta blockers, pulsed-dye laser, and less commonly interferon-α or surgical resection. In recent years, propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker, has been preferentially used as a first-line treatment of problematic infantile hemangioma.

ion from the system of the universe, and that it is the business of speculative philosophy to exhibit this truth; this character is its coherence. Whitehead mentions the concept 'adequacy' of the scheme and says that what is required is that the texture of observed experience, in illustrating the philosophic scheme, is such that all related experience must exhibit the same texture. Thus the philosophic scheme should be 'necessary,' in the sense of bearing in itself its own warrant of universality throughout all experience, provided that we confine ourselves to that which communicates with immediate matter of fact. He says that what does not so communicate is unknowable, and the unknowable is unknown; and so this universality defined by 'communication' can suffice. This doctrine of necessity in universality means that there is an instance in the universe which forbids relationships beyond itself, as a violation of its rationality. Speculative philosophy seeks ...

THAI JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS ISSN 1686-0209 ABSTRACT: In this paper we describe generalized left *-derivation F: R --> R in *-prime ring and prove that if F acts as homomorphism or anti-homomorphism on R, then either R is commutative or F is a right *-centralizer on R. Analogous results have been proved for generalized left *-biderivation and Jordan *-centralizer on R.

PROBLEM: Pregnancy and estrogen are known to suppress B lymphopoiesis as well as lead to thymic involution in the mouse. Additionally, estrogen deficiency by oophorectomy reportedly causes a selective increase in the B220+ B cells in the murine bone marrow. The purpose of this study was to determine if estrogens played a regulatory role in T cell development. METHODS: The first experimental group consisted of 5-6-week-old Balb/c mice that received subcutaneous pellets of placebo, estriol, estradiol, or progesterone. The thymus glands were examined 2-4 weeks after treatment. The second group consisted of 6-week-old Balb/c mice who underwent either bilateral oophorectomy or a sham procedure. Two weeks after the surgery, extensive phenotypic characterization of the thymus and spleen cells was performed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to surface markers of T cell subsets. RESULTS: Estrogen treatment causes a dramatic reduction of thymic size and cellularity. All defined T cell subsets of CD4 and CD8 were reduced, with a disproportionate loss of CD4+CD8+ double positive cells. Examination of the triple negative (CD3-CD4-CD8-) subset revealed a striking loss of TN developmental progression of the early precursor cells. Based on the expression of CD44 (pgp-1) and CD25 (IL-2Ra) markers, the TN thymic compartment was composed almost entirely of the earliest population (CD44+, CD25-), with the remaining maturational stages (CD44+, CD25+; CD44-, CD25+; CD44-, CD25-) depleted. In contrast, all T cell developmental stages in the thymus were found to be in normal proportions in the oophorectomized mice, with no differences in the splenic T and B cell subsets. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that estrogen but not progesterone blocks T cell development in the thymus. However, contrary to our expectation, estrogen deprivation by oophorectomy does not enhance T cell development.

A signature ε = (p, q) dependent transposition anti-involution T ε˜o f real Clifford algebras Cℓ p,q for non-degenerate quadratic forms was introduced in [1]. In [2] we showed that, depending on the value of (p − q) mod 8, the map T ε˜g ives rise to transposition, complex Hermitian, or quaternionic Hermitian conjugation of representation matrices in spinor representation. The resulting scalar product is in general different from the two known standard scalar products [12]. We provide a full signature (p, q) dependent classification of the invariance groups G ε p,q of this product for p + q ≤ 9. The map T εĩ s identified as the "star" map known [14] from the theory of (twisted) group algebras, where the Clifford algebra Cℓ p,q is seen as a twisted group ring R t [(Z 2) n ], n = p + q. We discuss and list important subgroups of stabilizer groups G p,q (f) and their transversals in relation to generators of spinor spaces.

The main purpose of this paper is to prove the following result: Let R be a 2-torsion free semiprime *-ring. Suppose that θ, φ are endomorphisms of R such that θ is onto. If there exists an additive mapping F: R → R associated with a (θ, φ)-derivation d of R such that F(xx*) = F(x)θ(x*) + φ(x)d(x*) holds for all x ∈ R, then F is a generalized (θ, φ)-derivation. Further, some more related results are obtained.

The aim of this work is to study norm preserving extensions of positive functionals on some spaces of fractions. The main result is stated in the case of unitary complex Banach algebras with involution. Moreover, we deal with C*-algebras and the commutative case as well. An application is also given.