International Integration

The last one hundred years have seen major conservation successes in Kaziranga National Park, with populations of many endangered species, notably rhino, elephant and tiger rising and the ecological integrity of the area being maintained, despite high biotic pressures and stochastic perturbations in the landscape. These successes, and the expectations that they will continue, also bring about several management challenges. Kaziranga is a relatively small national park in the flood plains of Brahmaputra River, which is one of the most sediment-charged rivers of the world and also has the highest flood potential in the Indian subcontinent.

Demirgiiq-Kunt, Doug Diamond, Bill Easterly, Michael gration ambiguously affect saving rates. In Gavin, Bruce Smith, two anonymous referees, and semifact, higher returns and better risk sharing may nar participants at Arizona State University, Cornell Uniinduce saving rates to fall enough such that versity, Dartmouth College, Harvard Institute for International Development, the University of Virginia, growth with liquid and inand the University of Washington for helpful comments. ternationally integrated financial markets. We received excellent research assistance from Michelle Moreover, theoretical debate exists about Barnes and Ti Caudron. Much of the work on this paper whethe:r greater stock liquidity actually was done while the authors were employed by the World Bank. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do a shift to higher-return projects not necessarily reflect those of the World Bank, its staff, that stiK~ulate growth. Since more ~roductivit~ or member countries. liquidity makes it easier to sell shares, some 537

Tóm tắt: Từ kinh nghiệm học thuật quốc tế của mình, tác giả bài viết trình bày một số suy nghĩ về công bố quốc tế trong các ngành KHXHNV ở Việt Nam nói chung. Về cấu trúc, bài viết đi từ những yêu cầu mới trong công bố quốc tế, đến phác hoạ một số đặc điểm thông thường của một vài viết tiêu chuẩn (theo thiên kiến chủ quan của tác giả); tiếp đó là phần trình bày về quy trình công bố và kinh nghiệm ở từng giai đoạn của quy trình; cuối cùng là phần đề xuất một số ý kiến để quốc tế hoá công tác tạp chí của VASS. Bài viết cho rằng, công bố quốc tế vừa khó vừa không khó. Sẽ là không khó với những người đầu tư đủ thời gian, tâm sức, chất xám, sự kiên trì, nghiêm túc; nhưng sẽ là “thiên nan vạn nan” với những trường hợp muốn “hưởng nhàn” và không chịu thay đổi mình. Để thúc đẩy công bố quốc tế và phát triển tạp chí khoa học trong nước theo hướng chuẩn hoá quốc tế trong lĩnh vực KHXHNV, cần có sự hỗ trợ từ phía các cơ quan quản lí khoa học bằng chính sách quản lí và đầu tư cho khoa học; cần có nỗ lực “tự thay đổi mình” của cả các nhà nghiên cứu và hệ thống thiết chế quản lí tạp chí.

Từ khoá: công bố quốc tế, hội nhập quốc tế, tạp chí quốc tế, khoa học xã hội và nhân văn (KHXHNV), Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học xã hội Việt Nam (VASS)

Cấu trúc bài viết:
1. “Publish or Perish”: Công bố quốc tế trong KHXHNV ở Việt Nam
2. Phác hoạ yêu cầu thông thường của một bài viết công bố quốc tế
3. Công bố trên tạp chí quốc tế: Quy trình và kinh nghiệm
4. Một số suy nghĩ để quốc tế hoá công tác tạp chí của VASS 
5. Kết luận

Using data on 49 countries from 1976 to 1993, Levine Stock market size, volatility, and integration are not and Zervos investigate whether measures of stock market robustly linked with growth. Nor are financial indicaton; liquidity, size, volatility, and integration in world capital closely associated with private savings rates. markets predict future rates of economic growth, capital Significantly, measures of both stock market liquidity accumulation, productivity improvements, and private and banking developmentas measured by bank loans savings. to private enterprises divided by GDPboth predict They find that stock market liquidity-as measured future rates of growth, capital accumulation, and by stock trading relative to the size of the market and productivity growth when entered together in economyis positively and significantly correlated with regressions. current and future rates of economic growth, capital These results are consistent with the views that (1) accumulation, and productivity growth, even after financial markets and institutions provide important controlling for economic and political factors. services for long-run growth, and (2) stock markets and banks provide different financial services. This papera product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Departmentis part of a larger effort in the department to understand the links between the financial system and economic growth.

Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers. Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership. Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights. Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered.

This work presents the results of the survey “Organisational structures and logistics in the branded product history of the grocery section in Italy” developed with the aim of pointing out theorganisational structures for the logistics co-ordination of successful firms. ...

Demirgiiq-Kunt, Doug Diamond, Bill Easterly, Michael gration ambiguously affect saving rates. In Gavin, Bruce Smith, two anonymous referees, and semifact, higher returns and better risk sharing may nar participants at Arizona State University, Cornell Uniinduce saving rates to fall enough such that versity, Dartmouth College, Harvard Institute for International Development, the University of Virginia, growth with liquid and inand the University of Washington for helpful comments. ternationally integrated financial markets. We received excellent research assistance from Michelle Moreover, theoretical debate exists about Barnes and Ti Caudron. Much of the work on this paper whethe:r greater stock liquidity actually was done while the authors were employed by the World Bank. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do a shift to higher-return projects not necessarily reflect those of the World Bank, its staff, that stiK~ulate growth. Since more ~roductivit~ or member countries. liquidity makes it easier to sell shares, some 537

Supply chain Integration has emerged as a major field of interest over the years that involve the strategic alignment of functions and processes within an organization. However, there have been major debates regarding the true design of the kinds of integration that would lead to performance of supply chains. This study develops a conceptual framework from the literature and defines four constructs of integration (customer, supplier, internal, and information integration) to see how this would lead to improved supply chain performance (such as production flexibility, inventory turns, order fulfilment rate, total logistics costs, and operational performance).

Abstract. This paper describes the evolution and the results of the research work carried out by the IRIS group in the field of enterprise integration. This research work began with the ARDIN project, the aim of which was to develop and validate a step forward in the state of the art of the Reference Architectures for Enterprise Integration. The ARDIN project was focused on the internal integration of the enterprise. So, the next research activity to be conducted was to extend ARDIN to include inter-enterprise integration. Then, the IRIS group has participated in several projects in this context, like EDICER and CRM-Pyme project. Finally, the research work currently being carried out by the IRIS group is oriented towards knowledge management as a new aspect to be considered in enterprise integration. 1 The problem To maintain and improve their competitiveness while reacting to the fast changes that take place in the opportunities and needs of the market, enterprises must adopt a kin...

The last one hundred years have seen major conservation successes in Kaziranga National Park, with populations of many endangered species, notably rhino, elephant and tiger rising and the ecological integrity of the area being maintained, despite high biotic pressures and stochastic perturbations in the landscape. These successes, and the expectations that they will continue, also bring about several management challenges. Kaziranga is a relatively small national park in the flood plains of Brahmaputra River, which is one of the most sediment-charged rivers of the world and also has the highest flood potential in the Indian subcontinent. The growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the State of Assam is one of the lowest in India and the economic problems in Assam have been exacerbated by long-term insurgency and civil unrest. The Government of India as well as the Government of Assam remain committed to ‘accelerate the pace of socio-economic development’ through development of inf...

This paper outlines the EU regulatory framework and analyses current practice in four European countries in respect of public procurement and tendering of ferry services. Tender management for major ferry services resides with national government agencies, while tenders for smaller volume regional and/or inter-isles services are generally managed by local authorities and/or regional transport authorities. Operator selection criteria increasingly emphasises service quality aspects, and environmental impacts, as well as price (i.e. amount of subsidy required). There is a continued trend towards privately-owned operators providing and investing in essential ferry services, with an increasing role played by larger international integrated transport organisations. For transport authorities, ferry service procurement involves a continuous evolutionary process of specifying, offering, selecting, monitoring and reviewing services supplied. Based on the information collected and analysed, the authors have developed a 'tender route map' which explains the different stages and key issues concerning public procurement of ferry services.

La serie de Documentos de Trabajo en versión PDF puede obtenerse gratis en la dirección electrónica: http://www.bcentral.cl/esp/estpub/estudios/dtbc. Existe la posibilidad de solicitar una copia impresa con un costo de $500 si es dentro de Chile y US$12 si es para fuera de Chile. Las solicitudes se pueden hacer por fax: (56-2) 6702231 o a través de correo electrónico: [email protected].

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to focus on dyadic buyer‐supplier relationship as part of supply chain management (SCM) and to relate implementation of supplier management practices to intra‐firm implementation of quality management (QM) practices. The aim is to identify possible relationships between the two sets of management practices.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted in the Greek manufacturing industry, with the use of questionnaires, examining the relationship between supplier management in the SCM context and intra‐firm QM implementation.FindingsResearch findings, which represent buyers' point‐of‐view, reveal a positive correlation between supplier management practices and QM practices, providing an empirical support to the basic research hypothesis.Research limitations/implicationsThere was only one respondent in each buyer company. Also, only a mail survey was used as a research technique and only buyers' perspective was reflected in the data. F...

Date de réception de l'article : 11 juin 2003 Date d'acceptation pour publication : 16 mars 2004 RÉSUMÉ. La vision d'une Europe relativement homogène se modifie avec l'élargissement et le partenariat Euro-med. L'évaluation de l'insertion internationale des pays partenaires méditerranéens (PPM) montre que relativement aux nouveaux membres de l'Union élargie, les PPM connaissent une faible convergence réelle et structurelle. Les indices de Krugman et de Finger-Kreinin révèlent, qu'à l'exception de la Turquie, les pays méditerranéens sont complémentaires des pays de l'UE et demeurent très spécialisés dans des secteurs intensifs en main-d'oeuvre ou en ressources naturelles. La faible efficacité des réformes structurelles et l'absence d'intégration Sud-Sud s'ajoutent aux insuffisances de l'accord de libre-échange lui-même. L'attractivité des PPM aux investissements directs étrangers demeure ainsi limitée alors que leur rôle est important pour leur rattrapage et le développement d'une spécialisation intra-branche.

Measurement of Globalization and Its Variations Among Countries, Regions and Over Time The process of globalization is an international economic order which has led to the progressive integration of the world economy through the pulling the barrier of trade and greater mobility of factors of production. In addition the technological innovation also provides impetus to the progressive integration of the nations. The elements of globalization include free movement of goods and services, flow of capital, movement of labor and the transfer of technology. Many transition and developing countries through liberalization and increased openness to trade have benefited from the process. Apart from the economic benefits, globalization also indicates the flow of ideas, norms, information and peoples. There is a large heterogeneity in the degree of globalization over time and across countries and regions of the World, as well as within countries. The present study is an attempt to measure globalization by using both parametric and non-parametric approaches. The data cover a wide range of industrialized, transition and developing countries on the basis of their international integration. We identify the factors influencing globalization among the countries in the form of economic integration, personal contact, technology and political engagement. We isolate the contribution of the factors by quantifying the individual factor contribution to the overall integration. Finally, we investigate the links between globalization and labor market in India manufacturing industry.

This study is motivated by the theme of this special issue of International Marketing Review, which highlights the enormous economic success of Asia-Pacific nations and their emergence as global marketers of the twenty-first century. The success of firms situated in these nations has been even more pronounced since the 1990. This study highlights international marketing developments, opportunities, and research issues that warrant closer attention. In examining the topic, highlights a number of important developments including technological innovations, the penetration and influence of the Internet and electronic commerce in the region, the emergence of Asian multinational companies, the development of Asian brands, the importance of relationships and networks for firms in this region, and their greater international integration and cooperation with the rest of the world. International marketing research considerations pertaining to the Asia-Pacific Region are explored in each section, as well as in the conclusions.

... 1997]. Additionally, it will receive support from the growing environmental technology industry and a variety of 'accommodationist' environmental organisations [Commission for Environmental Cooperation, 1996; Audley, 1997]. ...

Globally, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are increasingly focusing on devising strategies in order to balance between the local responsiveness at the subsidiary level and the international integration of operations for global competitiveness. It is against this background, the research studies focusing on the need for evolving effective coordination functions within the multinational network are gaining importance. The present research study makes an attempt to investigate the prevalence of the specific coordination mechanisms in the management of MNEs' activities in Greece and relates them to the underlying corporate culture, relevant information technology mechanisms and the intrinsic organizational architectures so as to serve as valuable tool for managing the interdependencies among the MNE subunits. A survey instrument (questionnaire) was administered to a sample size of 317 foreign firms in Greece to gain insights in to the various factors that determined the use of the appropriate coordination mechanisms so as to manage the interdependencies between HQs and subsidiaries. Multiple regression method was used for our empirical analysis and the results supported the hypotheses put forward in the research design. Our findings further demonstrated that MNEs in Greece manage coordination by tailoring the appropriate instruments to the specific mandates assigned to their subsidiaries thereof.

The world financial crisis of 2008 affected transition economies (including Eastern Europe and CIS members) in different ways depending on their previous growth patterns and forms of international integration. The sources of diversity have often been overlooked in views of transition as essentially a similar process across all countries. The approach here combines a balance sheet framework with a historical approach revealing the combinations of factors that led to outcomes in individual countries. Differences between countries are demonstrated with an analysis of their different forms of international integration. This is then used within a framework for analysing the effects of the world crisis on individual countries built around four distinct, but often overlapping, stages. The following sections set transition economies within this framework, showing how they differ from each other and the prospects this gives them for future recovery and growth. Impact in each stage is conditioned by the balance sheet situation of main economic actors-following a standard economic model of financial crisis-as shaped by the pre-crisis modes of growth. The analysis uses balance of payments statistics, the authors' calculations from export statistics and other descriptive statistics on the development of the financial sector in transition countries. It builds also from an institutional analysis of individual economies. The comparative historical methodology is appropriate in view of constraints of a small-N research design of a very heterogeneous group of countries with high degrees of inter-correlation.

The objective of this paper is to study the effect of institutional factors on economic growth of a set of 37 developed and developing countries for six successive periods of five years, from 1975 until 2000, using a static panel data model. The key findings generated by this empirical test stipulate a dominant effect exerted by economic institutions on economic growth of the total sample of countries and developed countries.

La serie de Documentos de Trabajo en versión PDF puede obtenerse gratis en la dirección electrónica: http://www.bcentral.cl/esp/estpub/estudios/dtbc. Existe la posibilidad de solicitar una copia impresa con un costo de $500 si es dentro de Chile y US$12 si es para fuera de Chile. Las solicitudes se pueden hacer por fax: (56-2) 6702231 o a través de correo electrónico: [email protected].

Concerns about the duration of China’s growth and hence the question of a permanent significant contribution of China to world economic growth relate, amongst other things, to the problem of reducing regional disparity in China. While China’s high average growth is driven by a small number of rapidly developing provinces, the majority of provinces have experienced more moderate development. To obtain broad continous growth it is important to identify the determinants of provincial growth. Therefore, we introduce a stylized model of regional development which is characterized by two pillars: (i) International integration indicated by FDI and/or trade lead to imitation of international technologies, technology spill overs and temporary dynamic scale economies, and (ii) domestic factors indicated by human and real capital available through interregional factor mobility. Using panel data analysis and GMM estimates our empirical analysis supports the predictions from our theoretical mode...

We describe the operation of credit bureaus and public credit registers in Europe and extract potential lessons for upgrading credit registers in other countries. The evidence that we report is based on questionnaires directed to private credit bureaus and central banks, on direct interviews and on official sources. The European experience highlights a set of important issues. First, European privacy protection laws affect greatly the amount and type of information shared between lenders. Second, credit bureaus tend to originate from ...

Concerns about the duration of China’s growth and hence the question of a permanent significant contribution of China to world economic growth relate, amongst other things, to the problem of reducing regional disparity in China. While China’s high average growth is driven by a small number of rapidly developing provinces, the majority of provinces have experienced more moderate development. To obtain broad continous growth it is important to identify the determinants of provincial growth. Therefore, we introduce a stylized model of regional development which is characterized by two pillars: (i) International integration indicated by FDI and/or trade lead to imitation of international technologies, technology spill overs and temporary dynamic scale economies, and (ii) domestic factors indicated by human and real capital available through interregional factor mobility. Using panel data analysis and GMM estimates our empirical analysis supports the predictions from our theoretical mode...

The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

In the successful countries, skills, technology, education and the economy interact in important ways to create a virtuous cycle of productivity each feeding on the other. The present scenario in Argentina consists of excellent connectivity in the international bandwidth front, well trained population, comparatively low wages, a government that is promoting foreign IT investment (Congress recently enacted a law giving fiscal incentives to software development), national software export success factors. Most of the factors mentioned above are also essential for a good linkage through national borders. The IT sector in Argentina is growing at a fast pace. Statistics show increasing numbers in every aspect of it: employed professionals, exports, percent of GDP, etc. This reality demands a huge and increasing amount of well trained human resources. The question is: how to get them? The answer is, from our point of view, cooperation. Cooperation among government, industry and academia, not only within countries but, essentially, across borders; in the form of international integration treaties, multinational companies and international academic collaboration. This work will describe how Argentinean universities, and especially the UTN, are carrying out this vision and will show foreign countries universities interested in collaborating with ours, the way to go.

This special issue of JITC focuses on the globalization of trade in services and the effects on small open economies. It looks at a number of issues relating to international trade in services to re-evaluate the degree to which services are traded and tradable, the degree to which such trade is increasing, the implications of globalization and off-shoring and the policy responses required both to foster international integration in services and to react to the likely economic implications. The concept of trade in services and how did it develop? While the economies of developed countries are dominated by services, the treatment of international trade continues to focus on goods. The most extreme version sees services as non-tradable even though some goods producing industries are non-tradable (construction and mining are location specific) and transportation services have always been at the heart of trade in goods. The nearest equivalent to trade in goods for services are direct cross-border transactions in which the purchaser of the service is located in one country and the provider in another. Services also cross borders when the consumer moves to the country of the provider to obtain a service or when the producer temporarily moves to the country of a client to provide a service. In the terminology of the General Agreement in Services (GATS), the three different types of service provision are known as modes 1,2 and 4. Collectively they constitute cross-border trade in services. Since there are no custom posts for such services, surveys provide the source of data for these transactions and are published as part of the balance of payments 1 The views expressed in this introduction are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the European Commission

The concept of a quite homogeneous Europe has been changing with the enlargement and the Euromed partnership. An assessment of the international integration of Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPCs) shows that these countries experience weak conver- gence relative to new EU members. Krugman and Finger-Kreinin indices underline the fact that, with the exception of Turkey, MPCs have complementary trade structures relative to the EU and remain much specialised in labour and resource-intensive industries. Inefficient struc- tural reforms, the lack of South-South integration and inherent shortcomings of the agree- ment limit the attractiveness of these countries to foreign investors, though they could contribute to their catching-up and the upgrading of their trade specialisation.

A key theme in mental health is the principle of recovery. However, it is not clear how this might apply to forensic mental health services, which offer mental health care to men and women who have offended when mentally unwell. In this article, we explore how discussion of the index offense fits into recovery paradigms and how reflection on offender identity relates to recovery. Using clinical material from therapy groups for homicide perpetrators, we discuss how narratives of agency and responsibility change (or not) in therapy, and how narrative shifts link with the concept of "recovery" in mental health.

The "liberal peace"hypothesis alleges that democracies are less likely to engage in militarized disputes with each other, that they are less likely to initiate con ‡icts with other democracies, and when they do, they allocate signi…cantly more resources to the con ‡ict than other polities (Bueno de Mesquita et al.1999). Democracies trade more with each other, and are more cooperative with respect to multilateral trading arrangements by forming trade blocs and joining PTAs Rosendor¤ 2002, Rosendor¤ 2006). Countries that trade more with each other are also less likely to engage in militarized disputes . Conversely, countries that are con ‡ict-prone deter trade and investment and experience slower growth (Blomberg et al 2004. This association between trade, con ‡ict and democracy has been a central concern of scholars in international relations, working to establish the precise causal processes and mechanisms. How these dynamics …t together has been a subject of signi…cant dispute among scholars in the …eld.

We describe the operation of credit bureaus and public credit registers in Europe and extract potential lessons for upgrading credit registers in other countries. The evidence that we report is based on questionnaires directed to private credit bureaus and central banks, on direct interviews and on official sources. The European experience highlights a set of important issues. First, European privacy protection laws affect greatly the amount and type of information shared between lenders. Second, credit bureaus tend to originate from local lenders. Third, in Europe as elsewhere there are powerful forces pushing towards consolidation of the credit bureaus industry. While this process reflects the "natural monopoly" feature of the industry, its pace has been accelerated by technological factors and, especially within Europe, by the increasing international integration of capital markets. Three annexes complete the paper, reporting detailed descriptions of private credit bureaus activity in European countries, the main features of European public credit registers, and privacy protection restrictions to the activity of credit bureaus and public credit registers in Europe.

La vision d'une Europe homogene se modifie avec l'elargissement et le partenariat Euro-med. L'evaluation de l'insertion internationale des pays partenaires mediterraneens (PPM) montre que relativement aux nouveaux membres de l'Union elargie, les PPM connaissent une faible convergence reelle et structurelle. Les indices de Krugman et de Finger-Kreinin revelent, qu'a l'exception de la Turquie, les pays mediterraneens sont complementaires des pays de l'UE et demeurent tres specialises dans des secteurs intensifs en main-d'œuvre ou en ressources naturelles. La faible efficacite des reformes structurelles et l'absence d'integration Sud-Sud s'ajoutent aux insuffisances de l'accord de libre-echange lui-meme. L'attractivite des PPM aux investissements directs etrangers demeure ainsi limitee alors que leur role est important pour leur rattrapage et le developpement d'une specialisation intra-branche.

We seek to establish the conditions in which binding international institutions can serve as a solution to preventive war. Scholars of international and regional integration portray institutions as a response to problems of incomplete information, transaction costs and other barriers to welfare improvement for their members. By contrast, we show that international institutions can have binding properties that solve credible commitment problems among member states—even in the case of volatile preventive war dilemmas. Our primary case is post-war Europe. We show that European integration since the early 1950s was conceived as a means of committing a temporarily weakened West Germany not to use its future power to pursue military ends in Europe, thereby obviating a preventive war against it. The various institutions that form part of the European Communities, now the European Union, still bear the mark of this goal. In this paper, we establish the game theoretic conditions for the exis...

This paper discusses three aspects of stabilization and international integration: the real wage; inflation; and the real effective exchange rate. Using empirical evidence on inflation and the real effective exchange rate, we evaluate the gradualist option represented by the Hungarian reforms. The prospect for continuing a programme based on a real exchange rate anchor supported by a crawling peg tied to a basket of convertible currencies is assessed. These issues are compared with the experience of Poland, which is considered to be an example of shock therapy using a nominal anchor.

In an earlier article published in this journal Ernst Haas and this author suggested a set of strategic “background conditions,” “conditions at the time of initiation,” and “process conditions” intended (hypothetically) to assess the political consequences of an initial agreement to lower or remove mutual barriers to the movement of productive factors.

Corporate R&D internationalization has been analyzed predominantly in terms of the geographic diversification of multinational companies' research laboratories, and only to a lesser extent as a process involving the development of resources and capabilities within organizations and as a means of favoring international integration. This paper analyzes the relation between these two dimensions of internationalization, both of which are relevant for study of the multinational growth of R&D activities. Examination of the literature together with in-depth case reports of two large multinational clusters provides evidence in support of the following statements: · R&D internationalization can be seen as a "gradual" process that takes shape through the formation of specific resources and capabilities, which are developed within individual organizations but are designed to achieve integration both with foreign organizational units of the multinational cluster itself and also wi...

The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

The world financial crisis of 2008 affected transition economies (including Eastern Europe and CIS members) in different ways depending on their previous growth patterns and forms of international integration. The sources of diversity have often been overlooked in views of transition as essentially a similar process across all countries. The approach here combines a balance sheet framework with a historical approach revealing the combinations of factors that led to outcomes in individual countries. Differences between countries are demonstrated with an analysis of their different forms of international integration. This is then used within a framework for analysing the effects of the world crisis on individual countries built around four distinct, but often overlapping, stages. The following sections set transition economies within this framework, showing how they differ from each other and the prospects this gives them for future recovery and growth. Impact in each stage is conditioned by the balance sheet situation of main economic actors-following a standard economic model of financial crisis-as shaped by the pre-crisis modes of growth. The analysis uses balance of payments statistics, the authors' calculations from export statistics and other descriptive statistics on the development of the financial sector in transition countries. It builds also from an institutional analysis of individual economies. The comparative historical methodology is appropriate in view of constraints of a small-N research design of a very heterogeneous group of countries with high degrees of inter-correlation.

The break-up of the Soviet Union led to a collapse in Central Asian Republics' external economic relations. Subsequent international integration is followed with a framework and methods applied to East-Central Europe. Results show a move towards increasing reliance on raw materials with no specific international ties. Exports of complex manufactured goods, generally to specific countries, are very low, as are their quality indicators. The Uzbek motor industry may not have a secure future. Differences between countries are small, despite substantial differences in policy orientations, suggesting that an unwelcoming atmosphere for foreign business restricts international integration of manufacturing industry. KEY WORDS Central Asia: economics of transition: economic development: foreign trade: international integration.

According to the finance literature, risks associated with various financial instruments and their corresponding market segments could be stochastic and evolve continuously over time, reflecting the developments in the macroeconomy and the financial system. This study undertakes an empirical analysis of risk pricing for India's financial markets using Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. Empirical results provide various insights about the nature of risk pricing underlying money, credit, bonds, equity and foreign exchange market segments. Broadly, all market segments, excepting the corporate bond market, showed the ability to price risks over the sample period. International integration was found to accentuate risk pricing in the domestic stock market. From policy perspective, these findings may contribute to financial stability analysis and serve useful for monitoring financial markets and devising strategies for their further developments in the Indian context.

This paper discusses the possible causal relationships and empirical associations between globalization and growth, growth and poverty reduction, and, finally, globalization and poverty reduction. We argue that globalization can contribute much to poverty reduction both directly and by accelerating growth. Second, the contributions of redistributive policies are very likely to be less than the contribution of greater access to markets, more competitive insurance and financial markets, and improved institutions to poverty reduction. The potential effect of greater international integration on poverty reduction, however, is limited by domestic policy failures in developing countries and also by continued protectionism, particularly in developed countries.

Demirgiiq-Kunt, Doug Diamond, Bill Easterly, Michael gration ambiguously affect saving rates. In Gavin, Bruce Smith, two anonymous referees, and semifact, higher returns and better risk sharing may nar participants at Arizona State University, Cornell Uniinduce saving rates to fall enough such that versity, Dartmouth College, Harvard Institute for International Development, the University of Virginia, growth with liquid and inand the University of Washington for helpful comments. ternationally integrated financial markets. We received excellent research assistance from Michelle Moreover, theoretical debate exists about Barnes and Ti Caudron. Much of the work on this paper whethe:r greater stock liquidity actually was done while the authors were employed by the World Bank. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do a shift to higher-return projects not necessarily reflect those of the World Bank, its staff, that stiK~ulate growth. Since more ~roductivit~ or member countries. liquidity makes it easier to sell shares, some 537

Concerns about the duration of China?s growth and hence the question of a permanent significant contribution of China to world economic growth relate, amongst other things, to the problem of reducing regional disparity in China. While China?s high average growth is driven by a small number of rapidly developing provinces, the majority of provinces have experienced more moderate development. To

In this paper it is argued that more attention should be paid to the role of supply-side factors in accounting for the spatiotemporal evolution of urban office building cycles, particularly during the recent boom of the 1980s. Urban office building dynamics are critically related to changes in the structure and operation of finance capital, the development industry, and state intervention; changes which in turn are related to shorter term macroeconomic fluctuations and longer waves of economic and political restructuring at different geographic scales. A comparative analysis of the timing, periodicity, and magnitude of booms and slumps in downtown office construction activity between 1963 and 1986 in major metropolitan areas of the United States reveals a convergence in the timing of booms and slumps in downtown office construction between individual cities and on the national trend in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and a persistence of important differences in the relative volume ...

The importance of a country's "investment climate" for level data for rigorous analysis of the investment climate, economic growth has recently received much attention. and investigate empirically the effects of this Hallward-Driemeier, Wallsten, and Xu address the comprehensive set of measures on firm performance in general lack of appropriate data for measuring the China. Overall, their firm-level analysis reveals that the investment climate and its effects. The authors use a new main determinants of firm performance in China are survey of 1,500 Chinese enterprises in five cities to more international integration, entry and exit, labor market precisely define and measure components of the issues, technology use, and access to external finance. investment climate, highlight the importance of firm-This paper-a product of Investment Climate, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the investment climate using firm-level datasets. Copies of the paper are available free from the World Bank,