Hopelessness

Three studies investigated the role of ruminative tendencies in mediating the effects of multidimensional perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) on psychological distress. Study 1 (Sample 1, N ¼ 279; Sample 2, N ¼ 224) and Study 2 (N ¼ 205) found evidence, crosssectionally and prospectively, that brooding ruminative response style either fully or partially mediated the effects of socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism on psychological distress, depression and hopelessness levels. In addition, Study 3 (N ¼ 163) confirmed these mediation effects for socially prescribed perfectionism in relation to depression and hopelessness, 2 months later, after initial levels of distress were controlled. Overall, these findings provide evidence that brooding ruminative response style is an important mechanism that can explain, in part, the relationship between perfectionism and distress.

Aims: the study examined self-esteem, life satisfaction and hopelessness as predictors of meaning in life among people living with HIV/ AIDs. Methods: two hundred patients; 126 females and 74 males, aged between 17 and 70 years were used for the study. their mean age was 38.9 years with a standard deviation of 10.2 years. results: the findings revealed that self-esteem, life satisfaction and hopelessness significantly predicted meaning in life and they are important constructs in assessing meaning in the lives of PLWHAs. conclusion: therefore, it was recommended that meaning centered therapy programs should be put in place by health care givers and other stakeholders dealing with PLWHAs to increase patient's meaning in life

In depression, negative beliefs are coupled with profound physical weakness. Specifically, the belief that one is incapable of altering events in order to prevent expected negative outcomes or bring about positive outcomes leads to bodily symptoms characterized by low energy, slow motor movement, and delays in the initiation of movement. The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical model describing the causal mechanisms that link these cognitive and somatic elements of depression. We propose that (a) the inability to alter events is conceptualized metaphorically as motor incapacity; (b) as part of this conceptualization, the experience of motor incapacity is mentally simulated; and (c) this simulation leads to both subjective feelings of lethargy and peripheral physiological changes consistent with motor incapacity.

Contribution to the Interactive Virtual Exhibition 'Threatened Orders', organized by the Collaborative Research project 'Threatened Orders - Societies Under Stress', and nominated for the 'Grimme Online Award'

You can visualize and interact with the piece (and with the whole virtual exhibition) here:
https://threatened-orders.com/cases/a-failed-social-housing-project-in-murcia/

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the relationship between the level of hopelessness of students in tourism education and their desire to make a career in tourism. The data was collected from bachelor-level students in Sinop, a city at the top of Turkey's life satisfaction and happiness index, by using a survey technique. In order to describe the data collected, frequency and arithmetic mean tests were used, whereas t-tests and variance analysis were used to determine differences between variables, and correlation was used to determine the relationship. As a result of the research, it was found that there is a negative relationship between the desire to make a career in tourism and level of hopelessness amongst the students.

In questo pezzo apparso su Le Parole e le Cose 2, discuto l'ultimo libro di Jonathan Safran Foer ("Possiamo salvare il mondo prima di cena. Perché il clima siamo noi") a partire dall'intuizione, tanto interessante quanto filosoficamente problematica, che lo guida. In breve, la sua tesi è che noi umani sappiamo di essere sull'orlo di una catastrofe senza precedenti, ma non riusciamo a credere veramente a questa verità semplice. Dopo aver chiarito i punti deboli di questo modo di impostare la questione della sfida del cambiamento climatico e del suo carattere epocale, concludo il ragionamento spiegando perché il modo giusto di sperare nella salvezza del pianeta oggi sia sperare come sperano benjaminianamente i senza speranza.

This is a contemplative article that examines the question of whether we have a right to end our lives at our own will and timing, that deals briefly with Joiner's Theory of Suicide and that provides a metaphysical answer and demystifies suicide and sheds light on the question whether God will punish suicide.

See the link for a "widget" supplied by Bloomsbury, which will give you access to the first chapter.

https://bloomsburycp3.codemantra.com/viewer/6006a9a5e21b8400014cc025

Today, we find ourselves surrounded by numerous reasons to despair, from loneliness, suffering and death at an individual level to societal alienation, oppression, sectarian conflict and war. No honest assessment of life can take place without facing up to these facts and it is not surprising that more and more people are beginning to suspect that the human story will end in tragedy.

However, this focus on despair does not paint a complete and accurate picture of reality, which is also inflected with beauty and goodness. Working with examples from poetry and literature, including Virginia Woolf and Jack Gilbert and the films of Terrence Malick, Melancholic Joy offers an honest assessment of the human condition. It unflinchingly acknowledges the everyday frustrations and extraordinary horrors that generate despair and argues that the appropriate response is to take up joy again, not in an attempt to ignore or dismiss evil, but rather as part of a “melancholic joy” that accepts the mystery of a world both beautiful and brutal.

Much research has been conducted on why teachers leave the profession. Yet limited research exists on why teachers stay, despite the profession's many stressors. This exploratory study examined teachers' perspectives on the role that hope plays as a sustaining influence.

The full text is available here
http://kata.petra.ac.id/index.php/ing/article/view/18847

Death has always permeated human’s thoughts at all levels. This preoccupation with death is manifested in the realm of literature. John Donne is one of the artists whose obsession with death is universally recognized. The contemporary Iranian poet, Sohrab Sepehri in some of his poems employs the subject, too. Unlike Donne, Sepehri is not known as a ‘death poet.’ Although he lives in a turbulent period in the history of Iran, he is not influenced by his immediate condition. While the English poet is inconsistent in his treatment of death, Sepehri is consistent in his treatment of death. Sepehri’s consistency in the treatment of death has something to do with his religious beliefs. The reason behind Sepehri’s consistency in treating death as a positive phenomenon is his familiarity with the Islamic Sufism and eastern mysticisms.

Primeramente Polo expone a grandes rasgos los componentes de la esperanza. Con ello intenta poner a la vista el eje que da sentido y temple a la vida del hombre. Polo considera que la esperanza es el armazón de la existencia del ser humano en el tiempo. Como segundo asunto Polo expone el amor de esperanza propio del descubrimiento cristiano.

Adolescents in secondary schools are often subjected to a highly stressful environment, pressure to excel on academic and school performance, pressure to select career option, parental expectations, choices of subjects and the overall pressure to establish themselves which sometimes lead to physical, emotional and psychological stress. So this present study focuses on the academic performance to measure the level of self esteem and hopelessness and the relationship with school performance and to study the socio economic condition and school performance of secondary students. This study was conducted at R.S.K. Higher Secondary School, Trichy. 50 respondents were chosen by applying simple random sampling method. Descriptive research design was used. The first part of questionnaire contained personal data followed by the data regarding academic performance, Mackinnon's Self esteem scale (1981) and Beck's Hopelessness scale (1974). Statistical tests like Chisquare test and t-test was applied to test the hypothesis and to analyse the data. The study revealed that more than half (64%) of the respondents belonged to the age group of 16 years, majority (84%) of the respondents were from nuclear families half (56%) of the respondents had high level of self esteem, one fifth (20%) had average level of self esteem half (56%) of the respondents had high level of hopelessness and more than one fifth (28%) had low level of hopelessness. Suitable measures were also made to improve the academic performance, self esteem and to reduce the feeling of hopelessness among the school students.

r e s u m e n El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar qué relación existe entre el sentido de la vida y la desesperanza en un grupo de 302 sujetos. La hipótesis de trabajo afirma una relación significativa, de signo negativo, entre ambas variables, de manera que a mayor logro de sentido se asocian inferiores niveles de desesperanza y, por el contrario, a vacío existencial se asocian niveles superiores de desesperanza. Los instrumentos empleados son el Purpose In Life Test (Test de Sentido de la Vida, PIL; Crumbaugh & Maholick, 1969) y la Hopelessness Scale (Escala de Desesperanza, HS; Beck, Weissman, . Los estadísticos usados son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y el coeficiente rho de Spearman (rs). Los resultados (r= -0.550, p= 0.000; rs= -0.502, p= 0.000) apoyan la hipótesis planteada: el logro de sentido se asocia a nivel nulo-mínimo de desesperanza, mientras que el vacío existencial se asocia a nivel moderado-alto de desesperanza, de manera estadísticamente significativa.

Protein merupakan salah satu unsur terpenting penyusun makhluk hidup. Seperti halnya unsur lainnya seperti karbohidrat, protein juga memiliki sifat dan fungsi. Sifat-sifat dan fungsi protein ditentukan oleh jenis dan urutan asam amino. Beberapa fungsi utama protein dalam organisme kehidupan antara lain; sebagai bahan penyusun selaput sel dan dinding sel, jaringan pengikat, pembentuk membran sel, mengangkut molekul-molekul lain (hemoglobin) dan sebagai zat antibodi. Di dalam kehidupan, protein memegang peranan yang penting pula. Proses kimia dalam tubuh dapat berlangsung dengan baik karena adanya enzim, suatu protein yang berfungsi sebagai biokatalisator. Kita dapat memperoleh protein dari bahan makanan yang banyak mengandung protein, misalnya pada hewan terkandung protein hewani, sedangkan pada tumbuhan terkandung protein nabati. Protein merupakan polipeptida berbobot molekul tinggi yang terdapat secara alami. Polipeptida yang memiliki hanya asam amino saja digolongkan sebagai protein sederhana. Protein terkonjugasi mengandung komponen bukan asam amino yang dikenal sebagai gugus prostetik di samping kerangka utama asam amino. Dalam ilmu Kimia, pencampuran atau penambahan suatu senyawa dengan senyawa yang lain dikatakan bereaksi bila menunjukkan adanya tanda terjadinya reaksi, yaitu: adanya perubahan warna, timbul gas, bau, perubahan suhu, dan adanya endapan. Pencampuran yang tidak disertai dengan tanda demikian, dikatakan tidak terjadi reaksi kimia. Ada beberapa reaksi khas dari protein yang menunjukkan efek/tanda terjadinya reaksi kimia, yang berbeda-beda antara pereaksi yang satu dengan pereaksi yang lainnya. Semisal reaksi uji protein (albumin) dengan Biuret test yang menunjukkan perubahan warna, belum tentu sama dengan pereaksi uji lainnya.

Giriş
Umut, kişilerin gelecekte olumlu deneyimler bekleme derecesi olarak tanımlanmakta iken, aksine umutsuzluk kişilerin olumsuz deneyimler bekleme derecesini temsil eder. Umutsuzluk ayrıca, bireyin hiçbir alternatifinin olmaması veya herhangi bir kişisel seçenek
bulamaması olarak tanımlanmaktadır.Umutsuzluk gençlerde depresyon ve intihar başta olmak üzere, her türlü psikopatolojik riski arttırmaktadır.
Tıp fakültesi öğrencileri eğitimleri sırasında büyük stres altındadır. Yapılmış olan birçok çalışma, tıp öğrencileri arasında psikolojik morbidite oranlarının yüksek olduğunu bildirilmektedir. Yapılmış bir meta-analizde bunun nedeninin; akademik nedenler, iş yükü, ekonomik kaygılar, baş edememe, psikolojik baskı ve çaresizlik olduğu bildirilmiştir.

Aynı şekilde, uzmanlık öğrencilerine işyerinde düşen büyük sorumluluklar, uzun çalışma saatleri, stresli ve bunaltıcı olabilmektedir. Asistanların psikososyal streslerinin sadece kendileri için değil hastalar için de kısa veya uzun vadeli sonuçları olmaktadır. Ayrıca, son zamanlarda Türkiye’de “reform” adı altında sağlık alanında yapılan birçok
değişiklik, sağlık çalışanları için yeni baskılar oluşturmaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesindeki 1,3 ve 6. sınıf tıp öğrencileri ve uzmanlık öğrencilerinin umutsuzluk düzeyini belirlemek, çalışma grupları arasında umutsuzluk düzeylerini karşılaştırmak ve sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve çalışma
koşulları ile olan ilişkilerini incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem
Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmanın evrenini Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesindeki 1,3 ve 6. sınıf tıp öğrencileri ve uzmanlık öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Örnek seçimine gidilmeden evren üzerinde çalışılması planlanmıştır. Çalışmaya; 1. sınıftan 101 (%72),
3. sınıftan 69 (%90) ve 6. sınıftan 33 (%82,5) tıp öğrencisi ve 132 (%42,5) uzmanlık
öğrencisi olmak üzere toplam 335 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışma 1 Temmuz-31 Ağustos 2011
tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma öncesinde gerekli kurumsal ve etik kurul
izinleri ile tüm katılımcılardan sözel onamları alınmıştır. Katılımcılara 40 soruluk
iki bölümden oluşan bir anket uygulanmıştır. Anketin birinci kısmında katılımcıların
sosyo-demografik özelliklerini değerlendirmek amacıyla 20 soru yöneltilmiştir. Katılımcının
sosyo-ekonomik düzeyi (SED) Aile Refah Ölçeği (ARÖ) kullanılarak tespit
edilmiştir. ARÖ’de öğrencinin ailesinin kaç tane arabası olduğu, öğrencinin kendisine
ait odası olup olmadığı, ailenin son 12 ay içinde kaç kez tatile çıktığı ve evde kaç tane
bilgisayar olduğu sorularına verilen yanıtlara göre puanlanmaktadır. Buna göre ARÖ
1 (puan: 0-3) düşük, ARÖ 2 (puan: 4,5) orta ve ARÖ 3 (puan: 6,7) yüksek refah düzeyini
göstermektedir. Anketin ikinci kısmında katılımcıların umutsuzluk düzeyi; 1974
yılında, Beck ve ark. tarafından geliştirilmiş olan 20 soruluk Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği
(BUÖ) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği’nin niteliği, ergen ve yetişkinlerde
uygulanabilen özelliğiyle, bireyin geleceğe yönelik olumsuz beklentilerini
değerlendiren bir ölçektir. Ölçeğin Türkçe çevirisi Seber (1991) tarafından yapılmıştır.
Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması ise Seber (1991) ve Durak (1993) tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Ölçek 11 doğru, 9 yanlış önermeden oluşmaktadır. Anahtara uyumlu her yanıt
için 1 puan, uyumsuz her yanıt için ise 0 puan verilmektedir. Elde edilen aritmetik
toplam “Umutsuzluk puanı” olarak kabul edilmiştir. BUÖ’den elde edilen puan 0 ile 20
arasında değişmektedir. Ölçekten elde edilen yüksek puan umutsuzluğun veya geleceğe
yönelik olumsuz beklentilerin düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu belirtmektedir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde
SPSS 17 paket programı kullanılmıştır olup tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin
yanında; ANOVA ve lineer regresyon analizi umutsuzluk puanı ile ilişkili faktörleri
belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Bulgular
Katılımcıların %20,3’ü 20 yaşın altında; %37,1, 20-24 yaş aralığında ve %42,6’sı 25 yaş
ve üzerinde olup katılımcıların %49,3’ü kadındır. Çalışmaya katılanların%30,1’i 1. sınıfta,
%20,6’sı 3 sınıfta, onların %9,9’u 6. sınıfta ve %39,4’ü asistandı. Katılımcıların
sosyoekonomik düzeylerine bakıldığında; %35,2’si düşük, %43,6’sı orta ve %21,2’si yüksek
idi. Çalışmaya katılanların annelerinin %1,2’si okuryazar değildi, %29,6’sı ise üniversite
ve üzeri eğitim düzeyindeydi. Babalarının ise %0,6’sı okuma yazma bilmezken,
%51,6’sı ise üniversite ve üzeri eğitim düzeyindeydi. Tıp öğrencilerinin tümü bekâr
iken asistanların %48,5’i evliydi.
Katılımcıların ortalama umutsuzluk puanı 2,7 ile 10,5 arasında değişmekle beraber;
asistanların (7,29 ± 5,1) ortalama umutsuzluk düzeyi, 1. sınıf (4,48 ± 3,6), 3. sınıf (4,13
± 3,4) ve 6. sınıf tıp öğrencilerinin (5,4 ± 4,1) umutsuzluk düzeylerinden daha yüksek
bulunmuştur. Yapılan post hoc testlerde tüm grupların puanı birbirinden farklı bulunmuştur
(tüm p değerleri <0.05). Hem tıp öğrencilerinde hem de asistanların umutsuzluk
puanları diğer bağımsız değişkenlere göre karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır (tüm p değerleri> 0.05). Uzmanlık öğrencilerinin umutsuzluk puanları, çalışma yaşamıyla ilgili etmenlere göre
değerlendirilmiştir. Bir haftalık çalışma saat <40 saat olan asistanların puanı 5,18 ± 3,5
idi; 40-59 saat arasında olanların 6,10 ± 4,4; 60-99 saat arasında olanların 7,94 ± 5,6;
100 saat ve üzeri olanların 9,67 ± 5,6 (p=0.007). Post hoc testte farkı oluşturan grubun
100 saat ve üzeri çalışanlar olduğu bulunmuştur. Uzmanlık öğrencilerinin umutsuzluk
puanları diğer çalışma yaşamıyla ilgili etmenlere göre bakıldığında istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p>0.05).
Kafa karıştırıcı faktörlerin etkilerinin uzaklaştırması amacıyla yapılan çok değişkenli
analizlerde haftalık çalışma saatlerinin uzmanlık öğrencilerinin umutsuzluk puanını
bağımsız olarak etkileyen en önemli faktör olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0.001).
Sonuç
Uzmanlık öğrencilerinin umutsuzluk düzeyi tıp öğrencilerinden daha yüksektir. Haftalık
çalışma saatleri uzmanlık öğrencilerinin umutsuzluk düzeyini etkileyen ana etmendir.
Geleceğin sağlık alanında çalışacak olan tıp öğrencilerinin ve uzmanlık öğrencilerinin
sağlık ve refahı için çalışma saatlerinde düzenlemeye gidilmesi gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Umutsuzluk, tıp öğrencisi, asistan, tıp eğitimi.

This article explores the formation and diminishment of collective hope in
Vietnam by tracing the Facebook-based circulation, intensification, and
attenuation of affective engagement with the Đồng Tâm land dispute in
Hanoi from April 2017 to September 2020. The dispute enables us to
conceptualize online activism as essentially fueled by collective embodiment
of hope, understood as temporalized openness toward the ‘not-yet’ that
stretches beyond pre-existing agendas. The magnitude of online activism
depends not on the network itself but on how new media facilitate an
attunement between the public and the latent force of subaltern dissensus.
When such connection was disrupted, political hope faded when it was
enveloped by endless crises habituated by the network. With implications in
Vietnam and beyond, the article highlights hope as a political affect and a
political capacity indispensable in social struggles, which enables us to
embrace instead of enclosing precarious possibilities of change.

ערים ״מעורבות״, או ליתר דיוק ערים דו-לאומיות, הן בישראל זירת מאבק על מרחב וזהות הניטש כמעט מאז תחילת ההתיישבות היהודית החדשה בארץ. בין ערים אלה בולטת יפו בגלל מורכבות יחסיה עם תל אביב, "העיר שהולידה מדינה". מערך יחסים טעון זה מעלה שאלות פוליטיות, חברתיות ותרבותיות לגבי זהות העיר ועתידה, שעימן מתמודדים התושבים והממשל מאז סיפוחה לתל-אביב ב-1950 ועד היום.

״אם הזר״ ו״בולגריה הקטנה״, ״כלת פלסטין״ ו״קהילה תורנית מתחדשת״, ״מוזיאון הנכבה״ ו״פנינת נדל״ן״ – בנוסף לעברה המיתי בן אלפי השנים, יפו קרועה כיום בין דימויים וכוחות המלווים אותה לאורך מעל למאה שנה והקשורים במפגשים שהעיר מזמנת לקהילות הכה שונות המתגוררות בה.

האנתרופולוג דניאל מונטרסקו, שנולד ביפו וגדל בה בוחן מחדש את עיר הולדתו. הוא מתהלך ברחובותיה ומתבונן בה מגובה העיניים: מפענח את הדו-שיח בין כתובות הגרפיטי שעל הקירות, משוחח עם חברי ילדות ובני משפחותיהם, מתעד את הענף היפואי, הזנוח, של מחאת הדיור, עוקב אחרי תהליכי הג׳נטריפיקציה השונים המתקדמים בעיר.

מונטרסקו מבקש לברר האם יש עתיד לבית משותף בעיר הזאת. האם יפו תשרוד את הפלישה התל-אביבית והג׳נטריפיקציה הניאו-ליברלית? מה מקומה של העיר בהיסטוריה הלאומית והחברתית של המקום? ובכלל, מהן מגבלות הסיפור שניתן לספר על העיר ואנשיה?

לאחר מחקר היסטורי ואנתרופולוגי שנמשך יותר מעשור ועם ניסיון חיים של עשרות שנים ביפו, ״עיר שסועה לה יחדיו״ הוא הספר המקיף הראשון אשר מספר את סיפור העיר מנקודת מבט ייחודית, ערבית ועברית כאחת, המשלבת נרטיבים פלסטיניים ויהודיים, היסטוריה ואנושיות.

© בבל ומשכל, 2020
דאנאקוד: 462-500
שם מקורי: JAFFA SHARED AND SHATTERED: Contrived Coexistence in Israel-Palestine
מס' עמודים: 424
הספר רואה אור בסיוע: מועצת הפיס לתרבות ולאמנות
עורכת: עמית רוטברד
עיצוב גרפי: סטודיו דרום, מדלן כהן
בבל (עיון)
על הכריכה: קיר בעג׳מי (צילום: ורד נבון)

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This paper looks at the portrayal of northern barbarians’ aspirations from three interconnected angles: first, the hopes for a rebirth or an afterlife that certain northern peoples were supposed to harbour; then, what seems like their yearning or greedy hope for plunder or land; and lastly, their hope for a revenge or reversal. Finally, I will briefly look at how the Greeks and Romans imagined the hopes of the barbarians failing – the turning of hope into hopelessness – as well as the literary conventions and epistemic regimes that buttressed such reversals. The sources used range from the Hellenistic to the Imperial era, but they are unified by their joint technique of projecting affectively or emotively formulated expectations onto the barbarian outgroups of Europe in order to explain their behaviour. For the most part, barbarians were perceived to have internally valid grounds for their hopes – meaning that ‘madness’ or ‘foolishness’ as a characteristic of barbarian action was for the most part used as a metaphor, not a diagnosis of a pathology. In addition to being involved in emotively oriented causation, ‘mindreading’ the barbarians plays a natural role in emotionally charged ingroup communication. By tying the ancient discourse on barbarian hopes and aspirations into the broader ethnographical register, I wish to contribute to the study of the Greek and Roman emotional responses to their encounters with outgroups, as well as to demonstrate how perceptions of intentionality could be elided, in such contexts, with the ascription of collective emotions to outgroups. It is suggested that in the Greek and Roman thinking, hope was for the northerners an unreasonable and untimely expectation of a favourable but often immoral outcome, liable to be revealed as a misidentified or mistimed attempt. By looking at the hopes and hope-like expectations ascribed to the barbarians, it may be possible to discern that in addition to being treated as an emotion – with all the causations this implies – hope could also be debated as a cultural standard, and even used as a help for conceptualising the spread of rationality within the humankind.

I examine three attitudes: belief, faith, and hope. I argue that all three attitudes play the same role in rationalizing action. First, I explain two models of rational action-the decision-theory model and the belief-desire model. Both models entail there are two components of rational action: an epistemic component and a conative component. Then, using this framework, I show how belief, faith, and hope that p can all make it rational to accept, or act as if, p. I conclude by showing how my picture can explain how action-oriented commitments can be rational over time, both in the face of counterevidence and in the face of waning affections.

The relation between the meaning in life and depression, hopelessness, and suicide risk in a sample of Spanish Borderline Personality Disorder patients is analyzed. The hypothesis suggested that meaning in life is a significant nega- tive predictor of these variables. Participants were 80 Borderline Personality Disorder patients (75 women, 5 men) ranged 16-60 years old, M = 32.21, SD = 8.85, from a public mental health service. Spanish adaptations of the Pur- pose-In-LifeTest,theBeckDepressionInventory-II,theBeckHopelessness Scale, and the Plutchick’s Suicide Risk Scale were used. Analysis included descriptive, correlations, and simple linear regression. Results showed that meaning in life was negatively related to depression, hopelessness, and suicide risk. It is necessary to introduce the evaluation of the meaning in life in the assessment of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and to include in the psychotherapeutic intervention elements to enhance their perception and experience of meaning in life.

Euthanasia for psychiatric conditions is currently legal in Belgium and the Netherlands. It is also highly controversial, as illustrated by some recent, high-profile cases. In this paper, I show how a better understanding of the associated phenomenology can inform debate in this area. I focus on how phenomenological changes that occur in psychiatric illness can erode the ability to experience and entertain certain types of possibility, making some scenarios seem inevitable and others impossible. Although strong convictions that originate in competent decisions differ from verbal and non-verbal behaviours stemming from losses of possibility, detecting the difference is by no means straightforward. I add that a sense of the possible can be sustained, enhanced, or diminished by ways of experiencing and relating to other people. Consequently, the extent to which decision-making capacity is impaired in a given case may vary with interpersonal context. I consider the implications of these points for evaluating euthanasia as a response to mental suffering.

Credit-worthiness, as defined by financial institutions credit scoring systems, classify people according to categories of risk. For many sectors of society, decision metrics and scorecard implementations are determinants that serve as a financial gateway to access the most basic human needs for safety and well-being. For those with no credit or credit scores less than excellent, escalating negative circumstances lead to adverse life events associated with financial stress, widening socioeconomic disparities, and worsening biopsychosocial conditions. The impact of credit-worthiness on financial wellbeing and the negative psychological constructs of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness were explored through quantitative research with a focus on improving these factors through a credit restoration intervention. A quasi-experimental research design was employed to survey seventy-two participants before receiving the intervention and after an initial phase of the intervention process. Findings showed a positive difference in the subjective well-being of the psychological constructs and corroborated the need to expand awareness of the impact of credit-unworthiness across a wide range of socio-demographic strata including veteran and military families and suicidal behavior. A recommendation is made to conduct a follow-up longitudinal study to address two national issues, epidemic suicide rates, and credit reporting reform legislation. A longitudinal study could benefit several other issues facing this nation including population health, wellbeing, and other social determinants of health. Further analysis can inform Well-Being and Credit Restoration that contribute to current social issues of significant concern. Well-being is an interdisciplinary field of study that has important implications for psychology, health, economics, public policy, and society. Credit restoration is both a construct and intervention and is part of an interdisciplinary, collaborative, continuum of care which can positively contribute to reducing debt and the financial stress and psychological indicators associated with indebtedness. A follow-up enhanced research design will accommodate a longitudinal study consisting of a pre-test and three posttests and a Credit Restoration Score© measuring client progress over twelve months.

In the Ethics, Spinoza argues that individual human emotions and imagination shape the social world. This world, he argues, can in turn be shaped by political institutions to be more or less hopeful, more or less rational, or more or less angry and indignant. In his political works, Spinoza offered suggestions for how to shape a political imaginary and political culture that is more guided by hope than by fear or anger. In this chapter, using the framework of Spinoza's theory of emotions, I will investigate how Barack Obama's promise of 'hope' was translated into Donald Trump's rhetoric of hate. Such a transition, from hope to fear is one that would be unsurprising to Spinoza. Spinoza worried about the political and personal effectiveness of hope. He argued that hope can easily be turned into what he called 'indignatio' or indignation – an emotion that he believed eroded trust in political institutions. Spinoza warned about the danger of governance that relies upon the emotions of anger and hatred. I will set out how the Trump administrations reliance on the motivational forces of hate and anger risk what Spinoza called indignation. Spinoza's political works were written to show how to turn political indignation and anger into a chastened, and perhaps more rational, hope. Finally, I will propose that we may derive from Spinoza participatory, democratic institutions that can overcome this indignation.

The purpose of the current study is to specify the reasons that hold people clinging to life; to investigate their suicide probability, and to describe the relationship of these variables with other variables such as hopelessness and loneliness, taking age, education and other socioeconomic variables into consideration.

This article considers the question 'What makes hope rational?' We take Adrienne Martin's recent incorporation analysis of hope as representative of a tradition that views the rationality of hope as a matter of instrumental reasons. Against this tradition, we argue that an important subset of hope, 'fundamental hope', is not governed by instrumental rationality. Rather, people have reason to endorse or reject such hope in virtue of the contribution of the relevant attitudes to the integrity of their practical identity, which makes the relevant hope not instrumentally but intrinsically valuable. This argument also allows for a new analysis of the reasons people have to abandon hope and for a better understanding of non-fundamental, 'prosaic' hopes.

The present study examined whether particular emotion dysregulation dimensions were associated with suicidal ideation through their effects on ruminative thinking and hopelessness. Emerging adults (ages 18-25) with (n = 32) and without (n = 111) a suicide attempt history completed an emotion dysregulation measure at baseline and measures of rumination, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation 2-3 years later. Multiple suicide attempters (n = 15) were distinguished by elevated scores on emotion dysregulation dimensions involving impulse control difficulties and inability to access effective emotion regulation strategies. The Strategies dimension, assessed at baseline, was significantly associated with both rumination and hopelessness at follow-up, and with higher ideation at follow-up. Rumination and hopelessness mediated the relation between Strategies and ideation, even when adjusting for depressive symptoms. Perceived inability to access emotion regulation strategies may increase vulnerability to suicidal ideation through its effects on rumination and hopelessness.

"We cannot tell that we are constantly splitting into duplicate selves because our consciousness rides smoothly along only one path in the endlessly forking chains."

This forthcoming paper will explore some highly speculative - even preposterous - but seductively appealing recent models of the physics of time-space and dimensionality.
It will be argued that although these models are seemingly impossible to test in the external world, they may have a profound truth and validity in the internal world of the human unconscious mind.

Psychoanalytic clinical material will be presented which convincingly suggests that we all live, emotionally, just as much in the worlds of possibility as we do in the world of " external reality ". For example, the loss of a baby may bring devastating grief or depression to a mother as much (if not more) for mourning the losses of imagined possible futures for that lost child, and for that potential mother, as for the loss of the  " actual baby. "

Whether or not parallel worlds and alternate realities and timelines exist in the physical world seems highly un-possible, and fraught with infinite contradiction. But in the unconscious world of the cognitive-emotional mind, we may be certain not only of their existence, but of their intense and profound psychological influence. To ignore the importance of a person's hopes and dreams of possibility in the formation of emotionally real losses and joys, even if deeply unconscious, is to forego the chance to truly understand their human self.

Of course, all this leaves wide open the issue of where, in the mind, theories of Physics - indeed of all scientific disciplines - are conceived.

  At the very least, this paper argues the importance of "mental" parallel universes and alternate realities in the formation and perseverance of depressive feelings.

The film "Mr. Nobody" (2009) and others are used to explicate these ideas.

Using exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic techniques, this study examines the convergent and discriminant validity of the Hope and Hopelessness dimensions of Beck Hopelessness Scale. 178 primary school pupils aged 12-16 years (from village, small city, and big city) completed two-dimensional (positivity dimension and negativity dimension) polish versions of the follow scales:Beck Hopelessness Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Spielberger's STAI and Bradburn Affective Balance Scale with 4 points "agree-disagree" response options (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, 4 = strongly agree). Examination of convergent and discriminant validity has given positive result: two-factor model has better fit in comparison with one-factor bipolar model.
Проведена проверка конвергентного и дискриминантного аспектов валидности созданной на основе «Шкалы безнадежности» А.Бека ее двухмерной версии. Эксплораторный и конфирматорный факторный анализа показали, что двухфакторная модель, состоящая из факторов положительных и отрицательных эмоций, имеет существенно лучшие статистические параметры, чем биполярная однофакторная модель. Результаты проведенного исследования убеждают в обоснованности применения шкалы надежды и безнадежности в подростковой среде как двухмерной шкалы.

Recently I saw a short speech of Matt Damon, the famous US actor. In his speech he analogously said „The government thinks that civil disobedience is the problem. But this is not our problem. Our problem is civil obedience. Our problem is the number of people all over the world who have obeyed the dictates of the leaders of their government…” Wise words, because this world could in fact be a different one if more people were more “civil disobedient”. This means nothing else than lowering your own numbness bar, feeling the pain about certain conditions and taking action instead of resigning. Resignation seems to be a topic affecting many people to a smaller or bigger extent. It can be the resignation about the current circumstances on Earth, ranging from wars, climate change, flows of refugees to destruction of nature and suppression, or it can be about the resignation in your own life, e. g. a boring, stressful job, an unfulfilling relationship or annoying neighbors. Yet you can get out of any resignation, no matter how small or big it is. Would you like to learn how? Then take a look at this article

The construct validity in relation to the dimensionality or factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) has long been debated in psychometrics. Irrelevant variance due to item wording (method effects) can distort the factor structure, and recent studies have examined the method factor’s role in the factor structure of the BHS. However, the models used to control the method effects have severe limitations, and new models are needed. One such model is the correlated trait-correlated method minus one (CT-C(M-1)), which is a powerful approach that gives the trait factor an unambiguous meaning and prevents the anomalous results associated with fully symmetrical bifactor modelling. The present work compares the fit and factor structure of the CT- C(M-1) model to bifactor models proposed in previous literature and evaluates the criterion validity of the CT-C(M-1) model and its discriminatory capacity by taking suicidal ideation as the criterion variable. This study used a large and heterogeneous open mode online sample of Argentinian people (N = 2,164). The results indicated that the CT-C(M-1) model with positive words as referenced items achieves the most adequate factor structure. The factorial scores derived from this model demonstrate good predictive and discriminating capabilities.

This study examines the dimensional structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck et al., 1974) and its determinants. 596 primary school pupils aged 12-15 years and 474 pedagogical university students aged 19-22 years filled in the Polish version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Czapinski, 1994) with 4 points "agree-disagree" response options. Two factor-analytic models were tested. One-factor structure (hope-hopelessness as one bipolar dimension) has best parameters in sample of pedagogical university students while two-factor structure (hope and hopelessness as two relatively independent dimensions) has best parameters in sample of primary school pupils. The findings are analyzed in light of the hypothesis about dependence of the dimensional structure of the affect on the cognitive development level and on the total affect variation. The data obtained in this study correspond the second of these hypotheses.
Key words: hope, hopelessness, dimensional structure.

Depression and hopelessness can be associated with negative outcomes among offenders, such as reduced treatment impact,
institutional misconduct, suicide risk, and health care costs. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Depression
Hopelessness Suicide Screening Form (DHS) among women offenders. The DHS Depression and Hopelessness scales showed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Convergent and discriminant validities were supported through the relationship of the DHS with other established scales of depression, mood, suicidal intentions, and psychological distress. Optimal and conservative cutoff scores for the DHS Depression and Hopelessness scales were evaluated against criteria from a DSM-IV-based interview. Discussion centers on the importance of gender-based norms when assessing women offenders

Most of the criticism that Ta-Nehisi Coates received in the aftermath of the publication of his work Between the World and Me orbits around its lack of hopefulness. Indeed, it is several times in the text that Coates tempers his son's expectations about foreseeing an end to racial conflicts as he tells him that "I do not believe that we can stop [racists], Samori, because they must ultimately stop themselves" (Between the World 151). Certainly, the previous contention has drawn critics into reading Coates's work as an attack against black agency (Chatterton Williams n.p.). It is our contention that, far from being read as a manifestation of cynicism, Coates's negativity also has a galvanizing dimension. In fact, by emphasizing the futility of hope, which for Coates traps black individuals in an "unending pursuit" of progress (Warren "Black Nihilism" 221), he provides readers with many alternatives to confront the rampant racism that still pervades U.S. society nowadays.

Given that suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, there has been considerable research on theories of suicide risk. Despite the volume of such research, each theory is largely investigated in isolation and there has been little attempt to integrate them. Thus, the goal of the present study is to integrate two theories of suicide risk, Alloy and Abramson's hopelessness theory of suicide (HT) and Joiner's interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (IPTS), into one mediational model where the effects of the risk associated with the HT variables (i.e., a negative cognitive style) on suicidal ideation are transmitted by the IPTS (i.e., perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging) variables. Participants were 245 young adults with elevated levels of depressive symptoms who completed self-report measures of suicide risk at baseline and a measure of suicidal ideation eight weeks later. The results of a mediated model supported our hypothesis. The effects of the HT variables on suicidal ideation were mediated by the IPTS variables. Furthermore, results did not support the reverse model, suggesting specificity of the direction of our hypotheses. These findings imply that there may be merit in attempting to integrate theories of suicide risk rather than studying them in isolation.