History of Crime and Punishment

The book deals with the relations between anger, emotions and trial rites in sixteenth century. After a general introduction on the values of emotions, justice and anger the book presents the story of Marcantonio Trissino, the grandson of Giangiorgio Trissino, the famous man of letters and humanist. In the year 1583 Marcantonio, abruptily and amazingly, killed Giulio Cesare Trissino outside Vicenza's dome while he was surrounded and protected by numerous friends and followers. Giulio Cesare Trissino was suspected by the public opinion being the mandant of Ciro Trissino's murder, the father of Marcantonio, killed in february 1576 in his palladian villa located in Cornedo, a Vicentine village, by a group of goons, masked and dressed in black suits. During the trial instructed in Padua by appointment of the Counsel of ten, Marcantonio Trissino defended his violent behavior advocating that his mind was run over by anger and furor. The trial rhetoric vehicles the great themes of vendetta and honor and introduce to the tensions between retributive and restorative justice. The second part of the book presents some of the documents which availed to the lawyers for preparing Marcantonio Trissino's defence.

ABSTRACT: This video re-enactment draws upon preserved late Dynasty 20 papyri and other data regarding robberies of royal tombs in the West Bank of Thebes and the Valley of the Kings, including official accusations of corruption within all levels of society from the pharaoh’s tomb builders (at Deir el-Medina), to other towns persons, the police, officials, priests, and even the mayor of West Thebes.  This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, TLC: Ancient Egyptians, episode 2: Tomb Robbers (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAqXqsXcTds [50 minutes]).  These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary.  In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding time marker for each question, plus value for reflection question (March 2017).

(The Georgian Underworld: Criminal Subcultures in Eighteenth-Century England; Chapter 16) One of the most interesting subjects in the history of sexuality is the sudden appearance, three hundred years ago, of a well organized gay subculture in the city of London. This was patronized by homosexual men who used gay slang, who frequented gay cruising areas, and who engaged in camp or effeminate behaviour amongst themselves. Even from the very beginning of the century, sodomites frequented a network of gay pubs, where they socialized with one another, singing and dancing together, and otherwise behaving in a disorderly fashion. The legal records cover a wide range of circumstantial details beyond sexual activity, and often give us an interesting glimpse into the social life of the sodomite.

Entre 1870 et 1930, les agressions à l’acide se multiplient en France. Majoritairement accomplies par des femmes issues des classes populaires, qui entendent se venger de leur ancien compagnon ou de leur rivale en leur projetant de l’acide au visage, elles sont considérées, de manière réductrice, comme des crimes passionnels. Reléguées dans la rubrique des faits divers, elles suscitent toutefois des peurs et des fantasmes, alimentent les débats sur les droits des femmes et les relations entre les sexes. La vitrioleuse devient une figure criminelle qui incarne la cruauté féminine et conduit à la défiguration de sa victime dont elle annihile les traits et l’identité. Loin d’avoir disparu de nos jours, ces agressions, bien souvent masculines, sont désormais interprétées comme des crimes d’honneur.

Young, poor men and women migrated from the countryside and swelled the ranks of the unemployed and underemployed in Mexico City during the eighteenth century. With this rapid growth in population came an increase in street crime--thefts, assaults, and murders--along with moral crimes--prostitution, adultery, and vagrancy. These transgressions provided a steady flow of inmates to the city's six jails. This pioneering social history of crime and punishment in late colonial Latin America plunges us directly into the daily life and experiences of its lawbreakers. Women typically represented 30 percent of all criminals, and by the eighteenth century concern for their welfare resulted in Mexico City's first attempts at rehabilitation. This Enlightenment-era experiment in social re-education took the form of placing women in separate facilities or in private homes to serve as maids to "respectable" families, which often amounted to little more than exploitation of unpaid laborers. For men, jail was a way-station followed by severe corporal punishment and then years of forced labor. Many male criminals were assigned to clean rubbish-filled streets and open canals of Mexico City. Others went into factories, mines, or military service. All were expendable and frequently died before completing their term of confinement. "A superior work of scholarship."--Colin MacLachlin, Tulane University

One of the most prominent intellectuals of his generation, jurist Pamphilo de Assumpção played different roles in cultural and political life of the capital of Paraná during the First Republic. In this essay we will deal with a part of his production as a lawyer and jurist following his thoughts concerning the problem of crime and criminality in Curitiba and his considerations about the Positive Law and the new attributions of the legal and criminal institutions. The intention is to apprehend the production of these speeches at two moments: in the articles of the press, the effort of presenting an ideal model of prison, consistent with the growth of the capital and the advances of the Positivistic Law and Criminology, still in the dawn of the 20th century; in the opinion of the Penitentiary Council, where he was an effective member, the goal is to follow, some years later, the interventions of Assumpcão in another institutional context and time: this was not to propose models anymore, but to manage a system that, back then, had already been showing its first signs of deterioration.

El perdón real en Castilla a fines de la Edad Media. El ejemplo de la Cornisa Cantábrica  Los monarcas bajomedievales tuvieron, entre las prerrogativas esenciales derivadas de la configuración de su poder real, la capacidad de perdonar los delitos cometidos por sus súbditos. Siempre y cuando se diesen una serie de condiciones, podían llevar a cabo la remisión de las penas y la restitución de los atributos personales del delincuente al estado en que estaban antes de haber cometido el delito.  En este libro se analiza este perdón real desde varios enfoques. Por un lado se toma en consideración la legislación al respecto, para posteriormente analizar el proceso de tramitación de las solicitudes en la Castilla bajomedieval. Su estudio permite, además, realizar una aproximación de cierta entidad al análisis del delito en la época, especialmente de aquellos casos más graves, que fueron los que merecieron con mayor frecuencia la obtención de la gracia regia. Además del análisis de variables cuantitativas y cualitativas referidas al conjunto del reino, se incluye en el libro un estudio de caso dedicado a la cornisa cantábrica.  Por último, completa la edición la transcripción de más de sesenta documentos que recogen todas las fases del procedimiento y algunos actos jurídicos que se daban al margen, con la intención de poseer los requisitos previos con los que poder alcanzar el perdón regio.

"Enlightened Monks investigates the social, cultural, philosophical, and theological challenges the German Benedictines had to face between 1740 and 1803, and how the Enlightenment process influenced the self-understanding and lifestyle of these religious communities. It had an impact on their forms of communication, their transfer of knowledge, their relationships to worldly authorities and to the academic world, and also their theology and philosophy. The multifacetedachievements of enlightened monks, which included a strong belief in individual freedom, tolerance, human rights, and non-violence, show that monasticism was on the way to becoming fully integrated into the Enlightenment. Ulrich L. Lehner refutes the widespread assumption that monks were reactionary enemies ofEnlightenment ideas. On the contrary, he demonstrates that many Benedictines implemented the new ideas of the time into their own systems of thought. This revisionist account contributes to a better understanding not only of monastic culture in Central Europe, but also of Catholic religious culture in general.

Reviews:
 
"Lehner is nothing if not a thorough and industrious scholar, and the wealth of information he has amassed alone makes this book a valuable resource. But he is also a fluid writer, with an eye for piquant details and arresting stories, ensuring that the narrative is enlivened along the way by a great number of vivid and sensitive portraits of individuals."
Darrin McMahon, The Catholic Historical Review

"This book is of the same calibre as Derek Beale's magisterial work about monasticism during the Ancien Régime."
Rainald Becker, Francia Recensio

"No scholar interested in early modern monasticism or Catholicism, the Catholic or German enlightenments, or religion and the Enlightenment can afford to overlook this book ... This book deeply contextualizes intellectual and religious history. One of its great virtues is the way it combines monastic responses to new historical, legal, philosophical, and theological ideas with concrete attention to monastic material culture, social practices and institutional innovations."
Brad S. Gregory, Theological Studies

"Beautifully written and cogently argued, Lehner’s book makes a thoroughly convincing case for – what those clinging to a Voltairean Enlightenment will hardly believe – enlightened monks."
James Lees, Eighteenth Century Studies

"This fascinating book … might stimulate monastic communities today to ask whether they too could learn from the Enlightened Monks."
James Leachmann, Benedictine Culture

"This book is highly entertaining."
Johannes Reich, Erbe und Auftrag

"A stimulating book that will leave no one indifferent!"
Daniel Misonne, Revue Benedictine

"Many of the ideas and reforms of these eighteenth century Benedictines are in many ways strikingly similar to the radical changes in monasticism after the Second Vatican Council. … It is the great merit of this book to have saved these enlightened Benedictines from oblivion and to have unearthed a monastic culture that was characterized by its openness to modernity."
Klaus Schatz, Theologie und Philosophie


"Engagingly written, deeply researched, and seriously engaged with current research, Lehner’s work demonstrates that the Enlightenment was far more than a secular movement pitted against an obscurantist religious outlook. It was, rather, a multi-faceted trend to reconcile science and reason with matters of faith. Enlightened Monks illustrates how, paradoxically, an institution known most as a relic of the medieval past actually stood on the front lines of this endeavor."
from the Gilmary Shea Prize Committee

"This little summary doesn’t do justice to the book’s range and depth of research. Lehner offers, among other things, an excellent description of mo- nastic prisons, as well as deftly drawn portraits of various savants, rogues, and dreamers in and out of the mon- asteries. Enlightened Monks also pro- vides important context for the later German revival of theology centered in nineteenth-century Tübingen. Despite its somewhat recherché title, this is one the most interesting books I’ve read this year."
Lawrence S. Cunningham, Commonweal

"This very learned and highly original book, based on little-known and often obscure sources, reveals the existence of a remarkable subculture of Enlightened, even revolutionary, monks who had personal as well as literary and philosophical connexions with the non-monastic world."
Journal Ecclesiastical History, Derek Beales, Cambridge

Lehner's work marks a significant step in original research. His extensive citation of archival sources offers a new perspective on European religious culture... The book's content appeals to a wide range of scholars and is not reserved for the narrow musings of the specialist. The sociologist and historian will be intrigued as will the philosopher and the theologian.
Journal of Church and State

"Far from idle malingerers or enemies of Enlightenment, Lehner recounts how these monks interacted with and contributed to the Enlightenment. Lehner's monks voraciously consumed Enlightenment-era scholarship, supported reforms that would relax monastic duties in favor of a life of knowledge, invoked the language of natural rights to call for freedom of conscience and privacy from their abbots, corresponded with other luminaries, gave public lectures, produced original research on sacred and secular topics, and thus fully participated in the Republic of Letters. As such, Lehner has proffered a convincing argument that the German Benedictines might be counted not only as constituents of the Catholic Aufklärung, but as figures who existed squarely within the Enlightenment itself."
Religious Studies Reviews

"As a model of contemporary historiography and engaging scholarship, Enlightened Monks is about as good as it gets." J. Yegge, catholicbooksreview.org

"Die zunaechst als Praemisse begruendete besondere Affinitaet des Benediktinerordens zur Aufklaerung wird ueberzeugend nachgewiesen, katholische Aufklaerung erhaelt ein weiteres Profil."
S. Benz, Historische Zeitschrift"

S'appuyant sur le dépouillement de nombreuses archives, l'ouvrage présente l'histoire de l'application de la peine de mort par les cours d'assises en France métropolitaine. Partant des pulsions punitives présentes dans l'opinion publique, il montre comment les enquêtes judiciaires « construisent » des affaires où la peine de mort est encourue, et les tensions à l'oeuvre dans les procès. La part de la peine de mort dans la répression criminelle, l'évolution du rythme des condamnations, les profils des condamnés à mort sont successivement examinés. Le processus gracieux, qui permet de sauver la tête d'une majorité de condamnés à mort, est étudié dans son fonctionnement et ses variations. La détention de ces condamnés particuliers soulève de nombreuses difficultés, entre souci d'humanité et impératif de sécurité. Le propos s'attache à retracer l'expérience de la préparation à la mort, avant d'aborder les différentes dimensions de l'exécution par guillotine. Une place est aussi accordée à la destinée des condamnés graciés et leur éventuelle réinsertion.

France’s decision to introduce penal transportation in 1854 at precisely the moment that Britain was winding it back is a striking and curious fact of history. While the Australian experiment of penal colonization was not considered a model for direct imitation, it did nonetheless provide a foundational reference point for France and indeed other European powers well after its demise, serving as a yardstick (whether positive or negative) for subsequent discussions about the utility of transportation as a method of controlling crime. The ultimate fate of the Australian experiment raised questions in later decades about the utility, sustainability and primary purpose of penal transportation. Drawing on the records of both French and international penal reform organizations, this paper reflects on the legacy that the British experiment was seen to provide in the decades after convict transportation to Australia ended, while French transportation took off. In so doing, it casts light onto the expectations of and rationale for penal colonization held by its practitioners—past, present, and aspiring. Even if penologists saw penal transportation as serving some useful role in tackling crime, the experience of the British in Australia seemed to indicate the strictly limited practicability of the method in terms of controlling crime. Far from a self-sustaining system, penal colonization was premised on an inherent and insurmountable contradiction; namely, that the realization of the colonizing side of the project depended on the eradication of its penal aspect.

A statistical report of 1906 evaluated the place of death sentences in the judicial system, with the main purpose of supporting the bill of abolition of the death penalty (finally rejected). This report showed the negligible role of the capital punishment in the penal repression – as if the guillotine had already fallen into abeyance. According to the Penal Code of 1810, aggravated murders (premeditated murders, murders accompanied by another crime, murders of a public officer), parricides, poisonings, arsons of houses, as well as complicity in and attempt of such crimes, were all punishable by the guillotine. However, a large implementation of the principle of mitigating circumstances allowed to avoid the enforcement of death penalty. Moreover, two thirds of the people sentenced to death were pardoned, often with the support of the juries. The substitute penalty was a perpetual imprisonment, but this “perpetuity” became shorter and shorter after 1945.

Two broad approaches towards confiscating the proceeds of crime have developed since the conception of using confiscation as a response to acquisitive crime—the punitive approach and the deprivatory approach. The Hodgson Committee in 1984 intended asset confiscation to operate in a deprivatory manner. However, the asset confiscation regime which has emerged in the UK is manifestly punitive in certain respects. This is because the legislative framework artificially inflates the amount of collectible assets in the quantification of criminal benefit and the courts have developed an unrealistic approach towards calculating the available amount. Fifteen years after the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 was enacted, the confiscation regime is proving ineffective. In 2016, £1.9 billion remained uncollected. The solution lies in a return to a more realistic conception of the confiscation regime as a deprivatory rather than a punitive approach to acquisitive crime.

El objetivo de este artículo es indagar la Revista Penal y Penitenciaria, el “órgano de difusión” de la Dirección General de Institutos Penales de Argentina, desde su conformación en 1936 hasta el advenimiento del peronismo en 1946, cuando inició una nueva etapa. La revista se consagró como un instrumento clave de la burocracia carcelaria por más de cincuenta años, trascendiendo la gestión de los gobiernos conservadores. En este trabajo, argumentaremos que la revista cumplió un rol central para comprender la modernidad de esta agencia en sus primeros años y constituyó la principal herramienta para los funcionarios: difundió la obra de gobierno, comunicó las medidas implementadas tanto a nivel nacional como provincial, motorizó debates entre expertos y funcionarios, y constituyó un medio relevante para informar las transformaciones legales y legislativas.

Between 1788 and 1868 Great Britain transported thousands to its penal colonies in New South Wales (Australia). During their sentence they worked as indentured labourers. Contemporary Australian cultural narrative says convicts wore clothing marked prominently to denote their prisoner status. However, research into archaeological artefacts from Hyde Park Barracks in Sydney has challenged this idea, and suggested more nuanced narratives about how convicted people negotiated fear and fashion in their government-issued clothing.

Second-offence convicts wore distinctive ‘punishment suits’, made from coarse woollen fabric that went over ordinary clothing, identifying the wearer as a convict. However, most wore everyday government-issued convict clothing, which attempted to create a uniform of penal identity. Surviving convict shirts are made from striped cotton fabric, and one does have a single black arrow stamped on it. But this arrow is discreet and marks the shirt, not the wearer. Further research into 225 scraps of convict shirts at the Barracks has shown that this convict ‘uniform’ actually fits into broader trends of British working men’s dress. The informal practices convicts built up around supposed prison clothing undermine and complicate the established narratives of the fear, control and supposed uniformity of convict ‘fashion’ in New South Wales.

"Juvenile Delinquency and the Limits of Western Influence, 1850-2000, brings together a wide range of case studies from across the globe, written by some of the leading scholars in the field, to explore the complex ways in which historical understandings of childhood and juvenile delinquency have been constructed in a global context. The book highlights the continued entanglement of historical descriptions of the development of juvenile justice systems in other parts of the world with narratives of Western colonialism and the persistence of notions of a cultural divide between East and West. It also stresses the need to combine theoretical insights from traditional comparative history with new global history approaches. In doing so, the case studies examined in the volume reveal the significant limitations to the influence of Western ideas about juvenile delinquency in other parts of the world as well as the important degree to which Western understandings of delinquency were also constructed in a transnational context.
Includes chapters by Stephanie Olsen, Amrit Dev Kaur Khalsa, Howard Lupovitch, Miroslava Chavez-Garcia, Sarah Bornhorst, Barak Kushner, Gleb Tsipursky, Nina Mackert, Kate Bradley and Nina Cicek.""

Projet de thèse :
CONSTRUIRE LA FIGURE DE LA SORCIÈRE EN FRANCE À LA FIN DU MOYEN ÂGE (XIVe-XVe siècles)
Justice, représentations, circulations des savoirs et des imaginaires

Par Maxime Gelly-Perbellini
École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles

Direction de thèse :
Alain Dierkens (ULB)
Marie Anne Polo de Beaulieu (EHESS / CNRS)
Alexis Wilkin (ULB)

From Winston Black in The Medieval Review 15.06.24...

'In the concluding essay, "The Bright Side of the Knife: Dismemberment in Medieval Europe and the Modern Imagination," Lila Yawn clearly takes the most chances and has the most fun in exploring the topic of medieval wounds and wounding. After a review of graphic and supposedly "medieval" dismemberments in modern movies and literature, such as Monty Python and the Holy Grail, The Lord of the Rings trilogy, C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia, or Pulp Fiction, Yawn poses the simple question of "how medieval cutting up living bodies really was" (218). In response, she gives a whirlwind tour of nearly two millennia of images and descriptions of amputation, dismemberment, fragmentation, and mutilation from Cicero to Thomas Jefferson. In so doing she demonstrates, as many medieval apologists have already noted, that there is no greater amount or degree of dismemberment in the Middle Ages than before or after, but what leads moderns to equate "medieval" with "dismemberment" is the medieval tendency to celebrate dismemberment and put severed body parts on display, be they of the criminal or of the saint.'

The Medieval Review 15.06.24
Kirkham, Anne, and Cordelia Warr, eds. Wounds in the Middle Ages. The History of Medicine in Context. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2014. pp. xvi, 254. $124.95 (hardback). ISBN: 9781409465690 (hardback).
Reviewed by: Winston Black, Assumption College. [email protected]
https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/tmr/article/view/19219/25339

Este artículo analiza el accionar de detectives policiales sudamericanos en la persecución de redes transfronterizas de falsificación de dinero. En particular, se enfoca en varios viajes a países limítrofes realizados por agentes de las policías de investigaciones a comienzos del siglo XX. Esos desplazamientos permiten examinar la trama de negociaciones que rodeaba la investigación de este tipo de delitos y que involucraba distintos actores (detectives y agentes secretos de la policía, reporteros y corresponsales de la prensa, fabricantes, intermediarios y distribuidores de billetes falsos). Se busca mostrar la estrecha conexión entre ellos: cada una de sus decisiones afectaba los movimientos y márgenes de acción de los demás. Los casos de pesquisas internacionales provocaban desafíos concretos a los redactores de las columnas policiales de la prensa, a los detectives de las agencias de investigación y a los propios integrantes de las redes delictivas.

Between the end of the Second World War and the decolonization process, Congolese cities grew spectacularly, leading in some cases –such as in the capital Kinshasa- to a fourfold increase in African urban residents. These radical transformations of the colonial landscape (both spatial and social) raised new security challenges for Belgian authorities. Indeed, as their development coincided with dramatic social changes and with the rise of anticolonial disorders, urban spaces generated specific anxieties over the dangers of unruly "detribalized" Africans (and their proximity to white populations), and over the weaknesses of colonial control and police institutions. This paper aims at interrogating the role played by urban areas in the construction of new security threats and their impact on police reform projects in a late-colonial context. Based on unexplored archival material, it examines the (re)making of colonial (urban) order (as it was debated not only by colonial policy makers but also by urban "experts" and African elites) and the ways in which these new "threats" informed colonial police priorities and structures. Engaging with recent work on policing and colonial order, it argues that the dynamics of postwar (attempted) reforms of the Congolese law and order apparatus were largely influenced by the rise of urban security concerns that challenged previous definitions of repressive strategies to preserve colonial order.

The primary focus of this paper is to assess the impact of the death penalty system on American society. From its origins in the colonial era, to the varying methods used over the period time; coupled with some current statistics of the general demographics within it, to a neutral outlook on the endless debate regarding the matter, this paper attempts to provide a succinct overview of the topic and its entirety.

This chapter considers the historical use of corporal and capital punishment in Australian history. The chapter explores the conditions of their long-term decline as sentencing options and consideration of their relation to the variegated political cultures (especially convict origins or not, as well as different histories of settler-Aboriginal contact).

Britain was at war for almost seventy years between 1689 and 1815, with major conflicts occurring in 1689-97, 1702-13, 1740-8, 1756-63, 1775-83, 1793-1802, and 1803-1815.  The British justice system and the society subject to it were deeply altered by wartime activity. The processes of wartime mobilisation and demobilisation that took place frequently throughout the period had a series of impacts on British crime and punishment. Firstly, wartime mobilisation and the conscription involved with it led, in general, to a decrease in the number of indictments of those committing property crimes. Secondly, the peacetime demobilisation of thousands of sailors and soldiers led to crime-waves. Thirdly, naval activities during wartime meant that transportation was either less or more effective as a chief punishment, or it was stopped altogether. Fourthly, threats from abroad and the chaos associated with demobilisation altered elite attitudes, which were expressed through harsher punishments, including closer obedience to the ‘Bloody Code’. Lastly, the war had an impact on perception of crime, which in turn affected the middling-order readers’ outlook on the lowest echelons of society. Ultimately, the rise in crime with demobilisation was the most marked impact during the period, with the hardening attitudes of elites in authority closely following behind in terms of significance. Finally, certain wars demonstrated particular factors better than others, which this essay considers.

Blurb: "Premodern cities envisioned themselves as ideally homogenous and sacred communities, stoutly opposing any form of heresy or religious deviance. Due to early modern policy laws, God’s wrath would destroy the community inevitably, if Christian authorities wouldn’t punish those sins and crimes decisively and severely. Actually, historical reality didn’t parallel the ideal of a perfect society. On the contrary, urban societes were heterogenous and socially differentiated. Moreover religious heterogeneity definitely took root with the Reformation in the long run.
How did early modern urban communities deal with diversity? How did town dwellers and authorities react to confessional deviance? And how did they react to certain conduct, that – for instance in cases of blasphemy or adultery – was deemed unchristian and considered to query society’s core values, respectively. Who defined both deviant confessions and deviant religious manner? By what means did religious or legal as well as civic fundamental norms, e.g. ‘good neighbourhood’, or simple pragmatism matter? The articles collected here answer these and other questions using the examples of different Central European cities."

Klappentext: "Vormoderne Städte waren in ihrem Idealbild homogene Sakralgemeinschaften, die allen Ketzereien und religiösen Abweichungen entschlossen entgegentraten. Wenn eine christliche Obrigkeit diese Übel nicht energisch bekämpfe, so verkündeten zahlreiche Polizeiordnungen, dann drohe der göttliche Zorn unweigerlich das gesamte Gemeinwesen zu vernichten.
Tatsächlich entsprach die historische Realität angesichts eines hohen Maßes an sozialer Differenzierung und Heterogenität diesem Idealbild nie – erst recht nicht, nachdem die Reformation religiöse Heterogenität auf Dauer etabliert hatte. Wie gingen Städte in der Frühen Neuzeit mit dieser Verschiedenartigkeit um? Wie reagierten Stadtbewohner und Obrigkeiten auf konfessionelle Abweichungen oder Verhaltensweisen, die – etwa in Gestalt von Gotteslästerung oder Ehebruch – als unchristlich galten und die Werte der städtischen Gemeinschaft in Frage stellten? Welche Akteure waren an der Definition eines abweichenden Bekenntnisses oder abweichenden religiösen Verhaltens beteiligt? Welche Rolle spielten religiöse, rechtliche und andere, bürgerliche Leitnormen wie gute Nachbarschaft oder simpler Pragmatismus? Die Beiträge des Bandes gehen diesen und weiteren Fragen vergleichend am Beispiel ausgewählter Städte nach."
reviewed by Jordy Geerlings in h-net (URL: https://networks.h-net.org/node/15337/discussions/61692/review-g%C3%B6ttlicher-zorn-and-shadows-doubt); John Jordan in German History (doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghu019); Peer Frieß in sehepunkte 13 (2013), 7/8 (URL: http://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/07/22545.html); Gerhard Koebler in ZIER (URL: http://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-03-201
3/GoettlicherZornundmenschlichesMass.htm); Monika Mommertz in: VSWG 101, 4 (2014), 528-9; Silke Törpsch in: WerkstattGeschichte 64 (2013), 143-145.

This article focuses on the contested development of judicial whipping as a marker and maker of status in the particular social, cultural, and political contest of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In these years, people disputed with special vigor who could be whipped and why, often in battles fought in and around parliaments and the Court of Star Chamber, and often invoking fears of 'servility'. Tracing the rise and spread of judicial whipping, its linking with the poor, and disputes over its use, this article demonstrates how whipping served as a distinctively and explicitly status-based disciplinary tool, embedding hierarchical values in the law not just in practice but also in prescript. Some authorities thought the whip appropriate only for the 'servile' and, indeed, both valuable and dangerous for its ability to inculcate a 'slavish disposition'. After men of the gentry successfully asserted their freedom from the lash, so too did a somewhat expanded group of 'free' and 'sufficient' men. By the later seventeenth century, challenges over the uses of judicial whipping left it limited ever more firmly to people of low status, affixed by law to offences typically associated with the insubordinate poor.

บทความชิ้นนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อศึกษาประวัติศาสตร์ของทัณฑนิคมสมัยใหม่ในประเทศไทยนับตั้งแต่ปลายทศวรรษ 2470 ถึงทศวรรษ 2500 ผ่านแนวคิด การจัดตั้ง และพัฒนาการของงานทัณฑนิคมหลังการปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ. 2475 จากการศึกษาพบว่าการตั้งทัณฑนิคมเป็นผลมาจากความพยายามปฏิรูปราชทัณฑ์ในระบอบใหม่ภายใต้แนวคิดฝึกอบรมให้ผู้ต้องขังสามารถแก้ไขฟื้นฟูเป็นพลเมืองดี นำไปสู่การตั้งทัณฑนิคม ณ จังหวัดยะลาและจังหวัดนครราชสีมา ปฏิบัติการราชทัณฑ์ระบอบใหม่ในทัณฑนิคมให้ความสำคัญกับการดำเนินงานทางเศรษฐกิจและการดูแลสุขภาพอนามัยแก่นักโทษ อย่างไรก็ตามจากปัญหาการควบคุมนักโทษ การบริหารงานทัณฑนิคมที่ด้อยประสิทธิภาพ ประกอบกับวิกฤตสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 ทำให้กิจการทัณฑนิคมประสบความล้มเหลว อันนำไปสู่การยุบเลิกทัณฑนิคมหลังการรัฐประหาร พ.ศ. 2490

The paper aims to study the history of modern penal colonies in Thailand during the 1930s–1950s by exploring concept, establishment and development of penal colonies. The study found that modern penal colonies were the result of efforts to penal reform after the Siamese Revolution 1932 under the concept of inmates rehabilitation for good citizenship which led to the establishment of Penal Colonies in Yala and Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Penal practice in penal colonies focused
on economic productions and healthcare for prisoners. However, the problem of surveillance prisoners, inefficient institutional management and the crisis of the World War II led to the failure of the penal colonies until the government decided to dissolve the penal colonies after the Coup of 1947.